Anaerobic
respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6H2O +
6CO2 + ATP/HEAT
GLUCOSE
During exercise, the muscles need more energy (ATP), so they need more O2
Muscle contraction
requires ATP
- ATP to release myosin from actin
- Ca+2 ATPase pump to get
Ca+2 back into ER
- Na/K ATPase
pump to restore
gradients after AP
BICYCLE
STEPS
TREADMILL
TREADMILL
BICYCLE or STEPS
TREADMILL
ENERGY INPUT
ENERGY OUTPUT
Synthetic Reactions
Carbohydrate
Fat
Membrane Transport
Signal Conduction
Detoxification/Degradation
Protein
Heat production
Mechanical Work
1oC
1g H2O
Energy Output
2000 - 2500 kcal/day
60-70%
SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY
(Fidgeting)
20-30%
DIET-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS
NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS
5-15%
700 kcal
540 kcal
500 kcal
Direct Calorimetry
Measure energy output
by changes in
water temperature
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
GLUCOSE
6
CO2 produced
=
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) =
O2 consumed
6
= 1.0
FATS
C15H31COOH + 23O2
PALMITIC ACID
16
CO2 produced
= 0.7
=
Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) =
O2 consumed
23
Varies between 0.69 and 0.70 depending on fatty acid
Liters O2
Calories
gram
gram
Liter O2
Carbohydrate
4.2
0.84
5.0
Fat
9.4
2.00
4.7
Protein (minor)
4.3
0.96
4.5
** Open the air chamber when you are done and clean
out with air from lab bench (O2 should be back to 20%) **
Calmly breathe into gas analyzer for 5-6 mins, until you get steady readings
Metabolic Rate
Across species
BICYCLE or STEPS
TREADMILL
Exercise bicycle
SET
Power Output
Watts
RPM
energy
revolutions
time
minute
120 (Watts)
60
MEASURE
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
CALCULATE
Stroke Volume (SV)
Cardiac Output (CO)
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
Kp
resistance measured
in kilopond
Calculated Variables
Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle
every beat
Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle
every minute
CO at rest is about 5 L/min
Total peripheral resistance (TPR) is how much resistance there is in the
arterioles.
Smooth muscle relaxed vasodilation decreased resistance
Smooth muscle contracted vasoconstriction increased resistance
Calculated Variables
Stroke volume (SV) estimated from blood pressure
SV = 1.7 x (Ps-Pd)
Cardiac output (CO) calculated from heart rate and stroke volume
CO = HR X SV
Total peripheral resistance (TPR) calculated from
pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO)
Pout
capillaries
Pin
Predictions
During exercise, what do you think will happen to:
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Total peripheral resistance
Fat consumption vs Carbohydrate consumption
CNS
Para
Symp
Smooth
muscle
Arteriole
Cardiac Output
min-1
liters
Paracrine
signal
Decreased O2
Increased CO2
Vasodilation
Decreased TPR
caused by local vasodilation
SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION
or small increase mean pressure
Cardiac Output
Heart rate
Stroke Volume
LOCAL METABOLIC FACTORS
Total Peripheral Resistance
BICYCLE or STEPS
TREADMILL
Only a couple of groups will do the treadmill experiment and share their
data. Everyone needs to write about this experiment in the lab report.
Treadmill
MEASURE
Heart rate (beats/min) from heart rate monitor
OBTAIN FROM LABSCRIBE GRAPHS
Percent oxygen in expired air (% VO2)
Percent carbon dioxide in expired air (% VCO2)
Respiration rate (breaths/min)
Sensor must be
tight on chest
Fresh
air
Review Lab 9
Bicycle or steps
- Measure heart rate and blood pressure during light and
moderate exercise
- Calculate total peripheral resistance, stroke volume and
cardiac output. How do they change during exercise?
Treadmill
- Measure heart rate, %O2 and %CO2 exhaled, respiration rate
at rest, during light (walking) and intense exercise (running)
- Calculate VO2, VCO2 and RER
- How does RER change as intensity of exercise increases?
Monday lecture
Lab
Assignments
due
10/24
Exercise physiology
Lab 9 Exercise
physiology
Prelab 9
Lab 8 worksheet
10/31
Example Lab 10
presentation
Lab 10 Independent
investigation
Lab 9 report
11/7
No lab
11/14
Exam in lecture
Lab 10 Independent
investigation
11/21
No lecture
No lab
11/28
No lecture
Lab 10 presentations
Lab 10 report