Considered

"For Stopping A Pandemic Of Gun Violence, Let's Look To The Flu.
" Weekend All Things

Considered
31 July 2016. Student Resources in Context
. Web. 7 Sept. 2016.

(http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/AudioDetailsPage/AudioDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=fa
lse&displayGroupName=Audio&currPage=&scanId=&query=&source=&prodId=SUIC&search
_within_results=&p=SUIC&mode=view&catId=&u=marr26552&limiter=&display-query=&dis
playGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CA459670480&w
indowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=)
Summary
A segment from NPR on July 31, 2016 collected research about the flu shot and the
dangers of getting the flu. The segment starts by stating that there are many dangers of not
receiving the flu shot and how somewhere between 3,000 and 49,000 people die every year
because of the flu. They then go on to talk about how the flu is similar to gun violence, but this
poses a problem because people deny its existence. This is because we expect people to wash
their hands and avoid public places when sick. The flu shot has also been made very inexpensive
at around $32 so people should easily be able to get vaccinated. After this they went on to say
that after the H1N1 scare in 2009 there should be multiple flu clinics almost everywhere. The
segment concludes by saying how important the flu shot is because there is no fence keeping
people from the next county over from breathing on their kids and it is so easy to catch the
disease.
Application to Research
This radio segment from NPR provided a lot of information about the effects of the flu
and the importance of the flu shot. In the segment it was stated how dangerous the flu can be by
providing the amount of people that die yearly from the flu, this then lead into how important the
flu shot was. Within the segment was also how easy the flu shot is the get and how inexpensive
it is compared to other vaccines. An important piece of information that will require further
research because it was not stated is how many people who died from the flu were not
vaccinated. Despite this the segment provides a lot of good information than can provide for a
great basis and lead the research further.
"Swine Flu Scare, 1976."
DISCovering U.S. History. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Student

Resources in Context. Web. 7 Sept. 2016.
(http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/suic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?disableHighlig
hting=false&displayGroupName=Reference&currPage=&scanId=&query=&prodId=SUIC&sear
ch_within_results=&p=SUIC&mode=view&catId=&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=
&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CBT2104240542&windowstate
=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=&source=Bookmark&u=marr26552&jsi
d=1a039881bcc6fd9d7e1b8b4f0bc527b5)
Summary
An article from 1997 features an event that happened in 1976 called the Swine Flu
Scare. The article starts by talking about how swine flu was first discovered in 1918 where 20
million people were killed. This disease was only found in pigs and the only people that were
able to build up the antibodies to stop it were over 50 years old. Because of this event a vaccine
was created. The article then goes on to talk about the 1976 scare, in this scare the swine flu
came back stronger with a new coat of antigenic proteins. This lead to Gerald Ford to start a
campaign to treat every american by vaccination. This campaign continued until December and
an epidemic never occurred. Because this possible disaster was evaded people were happy with
the success of the shot and it was slowly improved over time.
This article from DISCovering U.S. History was very informational and provided a
description about an outbreak of the swine flu and how the president had to do something about
the event. The article showed how serious the flu can be by presenting a staggering number of
deaths from an early epidemic. These numbers make sense of why Gerald Ford would need to
call for all americans to be vaccinated. This article will contribute to the research because it
shows how to flu shot can almost be necessary to the masses for an epidemic to be stopped.
Hall,
Harriet. "The skepdoc: flu shots: facts and fallacies." Skeptic [Altadena, CA] 21.2 (2016):
4+. Science in Context. Web. 14 Sept. 2016.
(http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/AcademicJournalsDetailsPage/AcademicJournalsDetailsWindow
?disableHighlighting=false&displayGroupName=Journals&currPage=&scanId=&query=&sourc
e=&prodId=SCIC&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&mode=view&catId=&u=marr26552&limi
ter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&contentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=G
ALE%7CA456275891&windowstate=normal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=)
Summary
An article from Spring 2016 called The skepdoc: flu shots: facts and fallacies goes over
all of the negative beliefs of the flu shot and which ones are true and which ones are false. The
article starts of by saying how out of all of the vaccines the flu shot gets the most criticism
because it is the least effective. According to the article one of the biggest critics of the shot
comes from Tom Jefferson who is the head of the Vaccine Field Group at the Cochrane Database
Collaboration. Jefferson claims that the flu shot is actually not as effective as doctors say it is
and he says that placebo based trials need to be performed. The article states how some of the
claims made by Jefferson arent true because many of the people that are given treatment dont
have the flu, just flu like symptoms. The article ends by stating 13 reasons why people dont
want to get the shot because of ethical and medical reasons.
This article from Skeptic will help the research because it shows the bad side of the flu
shot. When trying to figure out why people dont take the flu shot it is great to know 13 reason
of why some people refuse to get it. After these 13 reason are rebuttals to them proving why
they are not true such as The vaccine gave me the flu. (Impossible. The injectable vaccine
contains no live virus, and the nasal spray vaccine contains an attenuated form of virus too weak
to cause the disease.) This is obviously important because it proves that common
misconceptions are incorrect. The article can be used to show how helpful and harmless the shot
can be.
Klotter, Jule. "Vaccines and renal function." Townsend Letter May 2016: 27+. Science in Context.
Web. 14 Sept. 2016.
(http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow?disableHighlighti
ng=false&displayGroupName=Magazines&currPage=&scanId=&query=&prodId=SCIC&search
_within_results=&p=SCIC&mode=view&catId=&limiter=&display-query=&displayGroups=&c
ontentModules=&action=e&sortBy=&documentId=GALE%7CA462508666&windowstate=nor
mal&activityType=&failOverType=&commentary=&source=Bookmark&u=marr26552&jsid=a
857516d888acdfdc52b0e4c59dd7203)
Summary
A news report from May 2016 titled Vaccines and renal function shows how a man
exposed the possible dangers of the flu shot. This man developed serious kidney problems after
receiving a vaccine to H1N1. The doctor, named Suzanne Humphries then began to question
other patients when they last received the shot and almost no other patients had any kidney
problems. Humphries then did some more research and figured out that there are a few other
dangerous chemicals in vaccines such as the flu shot. She discovered that mercury, phenol, and
viruses from animals are in many common vaccines. The article ends by Humphries saying that
sadly there is a small amount of research on this and that more research needs to be done in
assembly line vaccination.
This new report from the Townsend Letter will help the research because it provides
information of the harms of the flu shot. The report exposes dangerous things that are in
vaccines such as the flu shot. The report also goes onto say how many doctors try to make it
common fact that these shots are 100% safe, when in reality they have not been extensively
looked at by someone who is interested. This helps the research because it is pushing the reader
to look for more and it extends the research.
"Seasonal Flu." Walgreens, 2016, www.walgreens.com/pharmacy/immunization/

seasonal_flu.jsp.
(https://www.walgreens.com/pharmacy/immunization/seasonal_flu.jsp)
Summary
A webpage from Walgreens titled Seasonal Flu is trying to promote the flu vaccine by
showing how low the cost is. The page states that with certain insurances you can get the flu
shot for $0 copay. Then the web page tries to inform the reader about the shot by showing the 4
variants of the shot that people can receive. There is the 3-strain, 4-strain, immune boosting, and
preservative free. There are descriptions under these categories explaining what the shot does
and why it is best for you. Finally the article states that the flu shot should be received early
spring and that the shot works by giving your body a small amount of the disease and letting it
build up antibodies.
This web page from Walgreens helps the research because it shows how easy it is to get
the flu shot. All you have to do is go to a local Walgreens and get the shot, there is no doctor
needed. Also with health insurance, which most people have, the shot is free to get. This makes
it even easier to get because all you need to do is show proof of insurance and there is no
payment needed.
"Flu shots vital for heart failure patients." Focus on Healthy Aging Sept. 2016: 3. Student
(http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchR
esultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=2&docId=GALE%7C
A461695342&docType=Brief+article&sort=DA-SORT&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&conte
ntSet=GALE%7CA461695342&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
A short article called "flu shots vital for heart failure patients" talks about how important the flu
shot is for people with faulty heats. The article states how people who have gotten the vaccine
are 30% less likely to get hospitalized for heart problems. Next the article says how there is a
4% less of risk of being hospitalized within a year. Finally the article ends by trying to convince
you to get your shots.
Application to research
The article by Focus on Healthy Aging from 2016 is great for the research because it shows the
benefits of the shot. The article states how the shot helps people with heart problems to stay
healthy and out of the hospital. This can further my research because it shows more positive
effects of getting vaccinated other than stopping the flu.
Powell, Scott, and Abigail Tsui. "Shifting healthcare needs dictate change for respiratory
pathogen diagnostics." Medical Laboratory Observer Sept. 2016: 24+. Student Resources in
Context. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.
A463513258&docType=Article&sort=DA-SORT&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&contentSet
=GALE%7CA463513258&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
An article called Shifting healthcare needs dictate change for respiratory pathogen
diagnostics is about how respiratory disease is similar to the flu in the way that disease is
carried through bacteria. The article starts by talking about how hard respiratory disease is to
stop for doctors because it is passed through the air and many antibiotics are misused. The
article then compares to the flu by saying how influenza outbreaks in the US can cost the country
between $71 to $167 dollars yearly. Next the article says that nearly 20% of the US population
contracts the flu every year and also that this changes based on the accuracy of the flu shot in the
year. Then the article says how respiratory disease is similar to the flu because it is much worse
in people 65 years and older and how it causes serious infection in the body. Finally the article
states how respiratory disease can be fixed and who is accountable.
One main section of this article by Scott Powell and Abigail Tsui is vital to the research.
The section is about how the flu shot costs the US a lot of money and that many people a year
get the flu. 20% of the population in the US get the flu each year which costs the US hundreds
of billions of dollars every year. This is a problem because when people dont get their shots,
they have a higher percentage of a chance to get the flu and when there is an outbreak it affects
the country. This expands the research because it shows the outside effects of the flu.
"Flu vaccine production." Technology Review [Cambridge, Mass.] Sept. 2004: 90+. Student
A121416114&docType=Article&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&content
Set=GALE%7CA121416114&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
An informational paper called Flu Vaccine Production is about how the flu vaccine is
created and how the scientists combine the antibodies with RNA and others. The article starts by
stating that the flu virus is a shell with RNA strands and it uses those strands to connect to the
throat and lungs and there is a picture explaining this. Next is a section called Making The
Vaccine where the World Health Organization makes a seed for 3 strains of the vaccine that
they predict will come in the coming year there is also a picture to accompany this. Then they go
through the steps of making the vaccine where you inject this into a chicken egg, let their RNA
strands mix, locate the ones with the correct genetic make up, and finally it says how the
scientists give the seed strain to the manufacturing companies.
This paper from Technology Review in 2004 helps the research because it shows what is
in the flu vaccine. The paper states how chicken eggs are used to hold the vaccine and that the
scientists who make then have to predict what the outbreak will be the next year. This is
important because maybe the egg isnt the most stable thing that the combination can be put it.
This extends the research because it shows how the flu shot is made and maybe some of the
faults in the system
Lachs, Mark S., and Pamela Boyer. "The Vaccination That Could Save Your Life."
PreventionSept. 1999: 164. Student Resources in Context. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.
Summary
An article called The Vaccination That Could Save Your Life talks about how the flu
vaccine can save lives and many misconceptions about it. The article starts off by the author
explaining how she is very nervous with medicine and then brings up how there are many
misconceptions about the vaccines. The first question is if you have had the flu before, do you
need the shot? And the second is; Do you need it every year? The answer to both of these is yes
because the flu evolves and changes every year. The third question is; Does the shot work? The
answer is yes because you are still building up and immunity even if you dont get the flu. The
final question is; Are there side effects? The answer is yes because all vaccinations have side
effects.
`
This article by Mark S. Lachs and Pamela Boyer from 1999 helps the research because it
provides many facts about the flu shot. The article states how useful the shot is because of the
continuous evolution of the virus. The article also shows how the shot can be great for the
elderly, who are more prone to illness, to boost their immune system and build up antibodies.
This extends the research because it defies misconceptions of the flu vaccine with proven facts.
"Better flu protection: a new study suggests a stronger flu vaccine dose may protect better in
people 65 and older." Focus on Healthy Aging Sept. 2006: 5. Student Resources in Context.
Web. 25 Sept. 2016.
Summary
An article called Better Flu Protection: a new study suggests stronger flu vaccine dose
may protect better in people 65 and older talks about how older people need to get the flu
vaccine and how they need to get a strong version. The article starts by saying that each year
36,000 people are killed by the flu and over 200,000 people are hospitalized by it. Next the
article states how many of these people are 65 and older because that age group has a lower
immune response. The article says that this problem can be fixed if the 65 and olders take a
vaccine twice the power of the normal one. Finally the article ends with a what you can do
section.
This article by Focus on Healthy Aging in 2006 helps the research because it shows
possible factors to help older people. The normal vaccine was not good enough for many 65 and
older people so they would not get the vaccine. If people were able to receive a vaccine that they
know will work the will be more motivated to get the shot. This is extends the research because
it adds a positive factor to getting the flu shot.
"High-dose flu vaccine more effective for seniors." Focus on Healthy Aging Nov. 2014: 3.
Student Resources in Context. Web. 25 Sept. 2016.
A387829457&docType=Brief+article&sort=DA-SORT&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&conte
ntSet=GALE%7CA387829457&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
A Short article titled "High-dose flu vaccine more effective for seniors" talks about how
the flu vaccine works number wise. The article starts off by stating that the high dose flu shot is
24%more effective than the standard dose for adults over 65. Then it says that a study was
conducted and concluded that the high-dose vaccine is safe, induces significantly higher
antibody responses, and provides superior protection compared to the standard-dose vaccine.
This article from Focus on Healthy Aging in 2014 helps the research because of its define
stats. The article shows that people 65 and older can be safely protected from the flu by getting a
stronger vaccine. This extends the research because it shows how the vaccine works on a large
sample size.
Seppa, N. "Fueling a flu debate: do vaccinations save lives among the elderly?" Science News 6
Oct. 2007: 213. Student Resources in Context. Web. 10 Oct. 2016.
A169754106&docType=Article&sort=DA-SORT&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&contentSet
=GALE%7CA169754106&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
An article titled Fueling a flu debate: do vaccinations save lives among the elderly?
poses a question that needs data to be answered. The article attempts to show both sides of the
argument. The article starts by stating how vaccination rate in the elderly has rose for 15% to
65% from the 1980s to the 1990s. The article then states that in a study from Canada and the
United States that the people who had received the shot were 1/4th less likely to be hospitalized
during flu season. Next the article shows an interview with John D. Treanor saying that this one
one of the most comprehensive tests he has seen. The article ends with a short counter claim.
This article by N. Seppa from Science News is very helpful in furthering the research.
This helps because it shows how the effects of the flu were hypothetically decreased by 25%
which is a staggering amount. This also shows how the flu shot is very effective for the elderly.
"Flu vaccine seems to work for kids under 6 months of age." Science News 28 Oct. 2006:
286.Student Resources in Context. Web. 12 Oct. 2016.
A154079998&docType=Brief+article&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GPS&c
ontentSet=GALE%7CA154079998&searchId=R4&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true)
Summary
The article titled Flu vaccine seems to work for kids under 6 months of age is short but
informational. It starts by stating that babies younger than 6 months can receive the vaccine and
they will react to it. The article states the importance of this by showing how infants have the
highest rate of hospitalization due to the flu. The article states that scientists then randomly
assigned 1,376 healthy infants, ages 6 to 12 weeks, to get either two doses of last year's flu
vaccine. When the results came back, a significantly smaller amount of kids were diagnosed
with the flu. This proved the research successful.
This article by Science news will help progress the research. This is because it provides
valuable information on the flu shot in infants. The article shows how many infants were helped
by the flu shot in other ways than just the flu. This extends the research because it lines up with
the my advisors work.
CDC.gov. "Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2013-14 Influenza Season."

Center For Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, www.cdc.gov/flu/
fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm.
(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1314estimates.htm)
Summary
The graph from the CDC titled Seasonal FLu Vaccination Coverage, by Age Group and
Season, United States, 2009-2014 shows exactly what the title says. In 2009 43.7% of children
got the flu shot and 40.4% of adults received it. In 2010 51% of children got the flu shot and
40.5% of adults received it. In 2011 51.5% of children got the flu shot and 38.8% of adults
received it. In 2012 56.6% of children got the flu shot and 41.5% of adults received it. In 2013
58.9% of children got the flu shot and 42.2% of adults received it. The children are
progressively higher than the adults.
This non- print source of a graph is from the CDC is very helpful to the research because
it shows data on Flu Vaccination coverage. The graph shows how children received the shot
more than adults. This may be because adults dont have the time or think they are less at risk.
This furthers the research because I will try to figure out why the adults dont get the shot as
frequently.
Fine, Lisa. "Schools Taking Part in Campaign to Give Swine-Flu Vaccine; Educators, health
officials facing logistical challenge." Education Week 21 Oct. 2009: 6. Student Resources in
Context. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
Summary
An article titled Schools Taking Part in Campaign to Give Swine-Flu Vaccine;
Educators, health officials facing logistical challenge talks about how schools are taking part in
the fight against the flu virus. First the article says that many schools are mobilizing the use of
the flu vaccine and nasal spray to stop the spread of H1N1 (2009). Then the article states how
this process is really just a race against the deadly virus and to get as many kids vaccinated as
possible. Next it says how a teacher named Mrs. Anderson had done some research on the
disease and realized that kids under 10 spread it the quickest. Finally the article shows ways that
parents can get involved.
This article from Lisa Fine in 2009 shows how serious the flu virus can be for kids. The
article shows how important the vaccine is because kids under 10 are the most likely to spread it
and they need 2 doses. This helps extend the research because it shows how kids under 10 can
be seriously affected by the flu.
FOR HOME
https://www.congress.gov/bill/93rd-congress/house-bill/6141
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sultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CA
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GALE%7CA463513258&searchId=R1&userGroupName=marr26552&inPS=true
FOR UMBC
https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-105402617.html
https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-19255891.html
https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-266410781.html

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"For Stopping A Pandemic Of Gun Violence, Let's Look To The Flu.

" Weekend All Things

31 July 2016. Student Resources in Context

. Web. 7 Sept. 2016.

"Swine Flu Scare, 1976."

DISCovering U.S. History. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Student

"Seasonal Flu." Walgreens, 2016, www.walgreens.com/pharmacy/immunization/

CDC.gov. "Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2013-14 Influenza Season."

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