Shoji-an Daradal
BS Chemical Engineering-3
Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro,
Philippines
system of the adsorbent. (For active carbon, micropore <2nm; meso-pore 2-50nm)
Sorption: The physical attachment of organic
material on the surface of adsorbent (active
carbon) in the meso-pores and micro-pores of the
adsorbent (active carbon)
I. INTRODUCTION
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions, or
molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface.
This process creates a film of the adsorbate, the substance
being adsorbed, on the surface of the adsorbent, the
substance adsorbing.[1] It is operative in most natural
physical, biological, and chemical systems, and is widely
used in industrial applications such as activated charcoal,
synthetic resins and water purification.[2]
The adsorption process takes place in three steps:[3]
Freundlich
function:
x
=K f C1e /n
m
Where
the
ratio x/m
is
Figure
1: Active
Carbon Adsorption Freundlich Isotherm
the adsorbed
substance per gram of active carbon, C e is the concentration
difference, and the Kf and n are specific constants.
Factors that influence the performan of active carbon in
water is are the:
c
c
1
=
+
N Nm k N m
Where Nm is the number of moles required to
cover one gram of charcoal with a monolayer of adsorbate,
and k is a function of temperature. The heat of adsorption
may be determined by measuring the concentration
necessary to achieve one-half of a monolayer of coverage as
a function of temperature by this equation: [6]
d ln c
dT
1
d ln (
)
kNm
=
dT
N
0.01104820
3
0.00938010
7
0.00543566
2
0.00472006
0.00222495
4
4.41767E06
0.00086117
2
0
c
0.0383680
92
0.0261538
71
0.0355983
24
0.0122823
3
0.0077054
03
4.50603E05
0.0063432
22
0.0057892
68
c/N
3.4727903
03
2.7882273
56
6.5490324
37
2.6021552
47
3.4631742
89
10.2
7.3658029
34
-------
N vs. c
0.05
0.04
f(x) = 2.97x + 0
R = 0.69
0.03
0.02
Linear ()
0.01
0
0
0.01
0.01
0.02
Table 8.3
0.05
c
c
f(x) = - 0x + 0.03
R = 0.19
0
2 4 6 8 10 12
Linear (c)
Freundlich Isotherm
-6
c/N
Log c
The graph doesnt fit the data that was plugged-in
and the R-squared value could attest that. The slopes value
is negative and the y-intercept is positive.
log c
-1.416029803
-1.582464028
-1.448570449
-1.910719242
-2.113204669
-4.346206356
-2.197690105
-2.237376327
N=K c
Langmuir Isotherm
log N
-1.956708363
-2.027792212
-2.26474759
-2.326052446
-2.652679018
-5.354806528
-3.064910201
------
Flask #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
-4
-2
0
-2+ 0.24
f(x) = 0.85x
R = 0.98 -4
Logarithmic ()
Linear ()
-6
Log N
c
c
1
=
+
N Nm k N m
and based on the results represented by the equation on the
graph, the slope which represents 1/Nm has a value of
-0.0023. Nm is the number of moles required to cover one
gram of charcoal with a monolayer of adsorbate. The k on
that equation is a function of temperature.
d ln[ c]
H
=
2
dT
RT
ln [c]0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-3.260529115
-3.643758081
-3.335456721
-4.399593644
-4.86583357
-10.00750997
-5.060368476
-5.151749377
Temperature
(K)
301.15
301.15
301.15
301.15
301.15
301.15
301.15
301.15
Heat of Adsorption
400
Temperature (K)
f(x) = + 301.15
200
Linear ()
R = 0
0
-20 -10 0
ln (c)
V. CONCLUSION
From the results obtained in performing this
experiment, the Freundlich isotherm was found out to have
a better fit to the data since its R-squared value is 0.9784,
which is very close to 1 compared to the Langmuir
Isotherm. It was also evident that adsorption and
concentration indeed has a direct relationship, this means
that as the adsorption increases, the concentration adsorbed
also increases. The heat of adsorption has a value of 3.779
x10-8 J. The positive sign implies that the reaction is
endothermic.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] Adsorption. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 February, 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption.
[2] Adsorption. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 February 2016, from
http://www.fpharm.uniba.sk/fileadmin/user_upload/english/
Physical_Chemistry/5-Adsorption.pdf.
[3] Burton, F. & Tchobanoglous, G. (1991). Adsorption. In
Wastewater Engineering: Treatment Disposal Reuse (3rd
ed, p. 317). New York: McGraw-Hill.
[4] Active Carbon Adsorption. (n.d.). Retrieved 19
February, 2016, from
http://www.lenntech.com/library/adsorption/adsorption.htm
1.
c=
VII. APPENDICES
Microsoft excel was used on this experiment to
employ an easy calculation of the data presented above. The
formulas used by obtaining such were the following (below
the photo):
2.
N=
3.
H=slope x R T 2
Flask #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Initial Moles
0.015
0.012
0.009
0.006
0.003
0
0.0015
0.003
Standardization of NaOH:
1.
1
204.22
Conc . of NaOH =
Voluume dispensed (L)
wt . KHP x
Run
Final Moles
0.003836809
0.002615387
0.003559832
0.001228233
0.00077054
4.50603E-06
0.000634322
0.000578927
Volume
Dispensed
(mL)
27.60
26.35
Average
26.975
Conc. Of
NaOH
0.088707971
94
0.092916130
00
0.090812050
97
Moles
adsorbed
0.011163191
0.009384613
0.005440168
0.004771767
0.00222946
-4.50603E06*
0.000865678
0.002421073
*residual acidity
Final
Adjusted
Moles
0.011158685
0.009380107
0.005435662
0.004767261
0.002224954
Mass of
charcoal
1.01
1
1
1.01
1
4.50603E-06
1.02
0.000861172
0.002416567
1
0