Graphics ALL GLAs

GUIDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES (GLAs)
(WEEK 1)
The activities 1 to 5 will help you get familiarized with the AutoCAD 2015
environment, whereas the activities 6 and 7 are designed to give you the
basic concept of orthographic projection.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY THE LAB TUTOR BEFORE YOU
LEAVE THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab session
in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
1-2
Try exploring the following AutoCAD commands/functions:

- Line (L)
- Circle (C)
- Pline (PL)
- ERASE
- Zoom & Pan
- Object snap options
- Dynamic input mode
- Direct distance mode for drawing lines
- Absolute coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Relative coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Polar coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Combining coordinate modes for drawing lines
- Layers / Layer manager
- Limits
MCEN2005 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
1-3
AutoCAD 2015 Login:

All programs/Autodesk/AutoCAD 2015-English
1-4
Figure 1: AutoCAD 2D Drafting & Annotation display screen
You can change the display screen by selecting one of the options
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Accessing workspaces
1-5
Figure 3: Status bar
1-6
AutoCAD drawing templates:

acadiso.dwt This template is for drawings in SI units
(millimetres). Youll use this template for
all of the drawings for this unit.
By default, the size of the drawing screen
in a new drawing file measures 420 units
in the X-direction and 297 units in the Ydirection.
acad.dwt
This template is for drawings in imperial

units (inches). The use of this template is
demonstrated in the activities 1 and 3.
By default, the size of the drawing screen
in a new drawing file measures 12 units in
the X-direction and 9 units in the Ydirection
1-7
How to open acadiso.dwt
1-8
How to open acad.dwt
1-9
Alternatively, a new file can also be

opened, as illustrated below!
1 - 10
If required, you can change the limits, as

explained below:
DRAWING LIMITS
1. Limits set up the drawing area of AutoCAD screen.
2. Limits are determined based on the size of the drawing.
3. By default, the size of the drawing screen (acadiso.dwt) in a new
drawing file measures 420 units in the X-direction and 297 units in
the Y-direction.
4. Use LIMITS command for increasing or decreasing the size of
the drawing area.
5. ZOOM ALL must be done after setting up a change in drawing
limits
PROCEDURE:
Type LIMITS and press ENTER
Press ENTER to select the default value of (0, 0) for the lowerleft corner
Type 12, 9 and press ENTER (This defines the upper-right corner).
Type ZOOM and press ENTER
Type A and press ENTER
1 - 11
EXAMPLE
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Follow the below command sequence to draw the following figure.
Method 1: Direct distance mode. In this method, a line is drawn in
the direction of the cursor. Check the STATUS BAR. Turn

off all buttons except the ORTHO Mode, as shown below.
Type L (or Line) and press ENTER

Type 0,0 and press ENTER
Move your cursor towards right. Type 200 and press ENTER
Move your cursor up. Type 100 and press ENTER
Move your cursor towards left. Type 200 and press ENTER
Type C and press ENTER. (Alternatively, move your cursor down, type
100 and press ENTER then ENTER again to exit the line command)
(You may have to use ZOOM AND PAN functions to keep the object
in front of you)
1 - 12
Method 2: Absolute coordinate mode
This method requires absolute coordinates for drawing line. All values refer to
the initial point.
OPEN A NEW FILE
Press ENTER
1 - 13
Method 3: Relative coordinate mode

This method requires input relative to the previous point.
OPEN A NEW FILE
Type @200,0 and press ENTER
Type @-200,0 and press ENTER
Type C press ENTER
Method 4: Relative polar coordinate mode

This method requires distance and angle, as demonstrated below.
OPEN A NEW FILE
Type @200<0 and press ENTER
Type C press ENTER
NOTE:
To achieve maximum efficiency, a combination of modes is used
during a drawing session.
You can also draw a rectangle using RECTANGLE command. Try
it!
1 - 14
ACTIVITY 1:
Determine the missing coordinates, and then create one-view drawing from
the figure below. Use absolute, relative and polar coordinate modes. (See the
procedure on next page ..)
See next page
1 - 15
PROCEDURE:
Open a new file ( imperial drawing template - acad.dwt )
ABSOLUTE COORDINATE METHOD
Type LINE or L
Specify first point: 0.5, 0.5
Specify next point or [Undo]: 0.5, 5.5
Specify next point or [Undo]: 2.5, 5.5
..
..
..
input all the coordinates press enter twice after the last pair of coordinates
is entered.
See next page
1 - 16
RELATIVE COORDINATE METHOD

Type LINE or L
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0, 5
..
..
..
(If DYN input is ON, @ symbol is not required)
is entered.
RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATE METHOD

Type LINE or L
Specify next point or [Undo]: @5 < 90
..
..
..
(If DYN input is ON, @ symbol is not required)
is entered.
1 - 17
ACTIVITY 2:
STEP 1: Draw a circle of R20 at a randomly selected location (Note: R20 refers to a radius
of 20 mm).
STEP 2: Follow the following command sequence to draw another circle of 30. The
centre of this circle is located 100 mm away from the centre of the first circle.
Centres of both circles are located on the same horizontal axis. (Note: 30
refers to a diameter of 30 mm
OBJECT SNAP settings
OBJECT SNAP should be turned ON. Confirm the OBJECT SNAP OPTIONS, as shown
in the following images:
See next page
1 - 18
Type C and press ENTER.
Type FROM and press ENTER
Base point:
Click on the centre of the circle
Base Point: <offset>:

Type D and press ENTER
(This enables diameter option)
Type 30 and press ENTER
STEP 3: Draw a line, which is tangent to both circles (Follow the following steps).
OBJECT SNAP should be turned ON. Confirm the following settings.
See next page
1 - 19
Type L and press ENTER.

LINE Specify the first point: Click the first circle
Specify the next point: Click the second circle
Press ENTER
A quick and easy way to view/change the Object Snap Settings
1 - 20
ACTIVITY 3:
Use the imperial drawing template - acad.dwt
Use a combination of absolute and relative coordinate methods to create a
one view drawing of the following object.
(Note: To draw a line from pt#5 to pt#6, use the linear coordinates of pt#6.
Using the given angle to calculate the length may induce errors in this case.)
1 - 21
ACTIVITY 4:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt). Workout the
coordinates and then create the following one view drawing on AutoCAD.
Suggested procedure for creating the Hexagon:

Command: pol
(for polygon)
POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: 6 (for hexagon)

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: from
Base point: [click on the intersection at point 1]
Base point: <Offset>: @30,30
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: c
Specify radius of circle: 15
1 - 22
ACTIVITY 5:
Create the following layers using the Layer Properties Manager. Consult
lecture notes to determine the line type and line weights for A4 drawing
sheets.
Layer Name
Layer Colour
Object Lines
Black
Hidden Outlines
Blue
Hidden features
Cyan
Centre Lines
Red
Dimension Lines
Green
Extension Lines
Magenta
Line Type
See next page
Line Weight
1 - 23
Create the required layers.
See next page

1 - 24
Close the layer properties Manager.
See next page
1 - 25
See next page
1 - 26
Loading Line Types

Click the layer properties ICON and follow the below procedure for loading
and assigning the line types to different layers.
1 - 27
1 - 28
REPEAT the above steps and assign HIDDEN line to the layer
named Hidden lines
1 - 29
Assigning Line Weights

Click the layer properties ICON and follow the below procedure for assigning
line weights.
Repeat the above steps to define the other line types.
1 - 30
PERFORM THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS

Set the object layer as the current layer.
Now draw a 50 x 40 rectangle on the object layer.

Set the Hidden lines layer as the current layer.
Draw a circle of 60 on the hidden layer.
Repeat the above steps and draw some lines, circles or rectangles on
each layer.
Turn the Line Weight ON & OFF to see its effect.
Try turning the layers ON & OFF.

Lock a layer and the try editing the drawing elements that you have
drawn on that layer.
1 - 31
ACTIVITY 6:
Figure below shows pictorial drawings A to M. The shaded surface represents

front view. The three orthographic views (FRONT, TOP and RIGHT SIDE) are
shown in drawings 1 to 12.
Match pictorial drawings A to M with orthographic drawings 1 to 12.
Figure A6: Matching pictorial drawings and orthographic drawings
1 - 32
ACTIVITY 7:
Figure A7(a) shows 3D view of a wedge block. The three orthogonal views (FRONT,
TOP and SIDE*) of the wedge block are shown in Figure A6(b). The given views are
incomplete (some lines/features may be missing).
Complete the views. You can indicate the missing features directly on this sheet.
The arrow indicates the direction of FRONT view.
Figure A6(a): Wedge block
Figure A7(b): Drawing of wedge block

*
If not specified, it refers to the right side view.
1 - 33
LABS NEXT WEEK

Get and bring the following items for the labs in weeks 2 and 3:
Lead pencils
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3 is preferred.
Compass
Set squares ( Triangles 30- 60, 45)
Engineers reading scale (rule)
Protractor
Eraser
Required number of sheets: 2 for the GLAs and 2 for the assignment.

(WEEK - 2)
You will need the following sketching material to complete the tasks in this weeks
GLAs:
Lead pencils
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3 is preferred.
Compass
Protractor
Eraser
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY THE LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU
LEAVE THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
SCALE.
2-2
ACTIVITY 1:
The FRONT, TOP and SIDE1 are the most commonly used orthographic views to
describe objects.
Figure A1 shows a 3D object and two of its orthographic views, which are
incomplete (some lines/features may be missing). On a sketching/graph paper,
sketch the three completed orthographic views of the object using the dimensions
given.
Follow THIRD ANGLE projection system.
The required drawing SCALE is 1:1.
Part Name: COLUMN BRACKET

Part Number: WK1.A1-232
Material:
1020 STEEL
Figure A1: Drawing with missing views/features
(For further information and instructions, see next page)
If not specified, it refers to the right side view.

2-3
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS (VIEWS):

The location of the 3D object indicates the position of the missing view. Dont
draw the 3D object. Determine the missing view by considering the view
arrangement according to THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION.
All the three views must be drawn on the same page, and they must be placed in
their standard positions. For view placement according to third-angle
projection, refer to lecture notes.
Centre the required views within the work area (see the layout examples 1 and 2 on the
following pages):
DIMENSIONING:
Add dimensions in the same manner as shown in Figure A1.
Leave a gap of 12 15 mm between the view and the first dimension line. Then,
maintain the same spacing (12 15 mm) between dimension lines.
Only the given dimensions shall be indicated on your drawing. DO NOT derive any
more dimensions. DO NOT repeat the same dimension.
TITLE BLOCK:
The title block must conform to the specifications for your selected drawing
sheet (A4 or A3). For specs, refer to the lecture notes (week 1).
The title block must be complete. You can use the Part Name as the Title of your
drawing and the Part Number as the Drawing Identification Number.
Some suggestions:
Workout the required sheet size you need to consider the object dimensions,
drawing scale, and space between views.
Start drawing the FRONT view first draw all the visible features.
Draw the other two views again draw the visible features first.
Now complete all the views
by projecting back and forth
between different views.
Specifications for Hidden
Lines and Centre Lines are
given below.
2-4
The following explanation will help you centre your drawing

within the drawing frame.
The drawing layouts for an A3 drawing sheet are shown in Figures L1 and L2. The
values of the gaps A and B define the starting point for the front view of the object.
The calculations for A and B are given in the examples 1 and 2 on the following
pages.
Parameter Description
Value
The gap between views and borders (along x-axis)
See examples 1 & 2
The gap between views and borders (along y-axis)
See examples 1 & 2
Length of the object. The FRONT and TOP views

share the same length.
84
Height of the object. The FRONT and SIDE views

share the same height.
43
Depth of the object. The TOP and SIDE views

share the same depth.
44
TH
Height of the title block
55
SF
Scale
factor.
For a drawing scale of 1:1, the SF will be
0.5
Title block specifications are in the lecture notes (week 1).
NOTE: You can follow either of the example calculations.
2-5
EXAMPLE 1:
Leaving equal gaps between the views and borders, as shown in Figure L1.
Figure L1: Equal gaps between the views and borders.

For activity 2, the required drawing scale is 1:1. Therefore, SF = 1.
400 ( + )
3
400 (84 + 44) 1
=
3
= .
=
277 ( + )
3
277 55 (43 + 44) 1
=
3
=
NOTE:
The values of A and B are only a guide. You can round these figures to your
desired value.
2-6
EXAMPLE 2:
Leaving a fixed gap between the views, as shown in Figure L2. This is very
useful if you want to leave more space for placing dimensions between the
views.
Figure L2: A fixed gap between the views

This time, well leave a gap of at least 50 mm between the views. For activity
2, the required drawing scale is 1:1. Therefore, SF = 1.
400 50 ( + )
2
400 50 (84 + 44) 1
=
2
=
=
277 50 ( + )
2
277 50 55 (43 + 44) 1
=
2
= .
NOTE: The values of A and B are only a guide. You can round these figures to
your desired value.
2-7
Circle Ttr option: Tangent, Tangent, Radius

This option is used to draw a circle, which is tangent to two objects. For example,
the following command sequence creates a circle, which is tangent to the lines A
& B, as shown in the image below:
(First, draw the lines using Line command)
Type CIRCLE and press ENTER
Type Ttr and press ENTER
Click on line A
Click on Line B
2-8
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about adding
dimensions and centre lines to your drawing. See the procedure on next page.
Figure A2: Offset gasket
(For instructions, see next page)
2-9
Some suggestions:
1. Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
2. Create three layers object, centre and construction. Object and centre lines
should conform to Australian drawing standards. The construction line can be of
any shape and thickness.
3. Draw a horizontal construction line using XL command that passes through (0,0).
Type XL, and press ENTER
Type H, and press ENTER
Use PAN function if you dont see the line.
4. Repeat the same procedure and draw a vertical construction line that passes
through the same point.
Type XL, and press ENTER
Type V, and press ENTER
5. Now use OFFSET command to draw two more vertical lines. The offset distances
are 76 and 25.
Type OFFSET, press ENTER
Type 76, and press ENTER
Select the already drawn vertical construction line
Select a point (by clicking) to the right of the line.
Use OFFSET again and draw another line, which is 25 mm away from the second
vertical line.
6. Repeat the above step and draw a horizontal construction line the offset
distance is defined by the location of circular features in the given figure.
2 - 10
7. Now start creating your drawing, as shown below:
8. Follow the below command sequence to draw the arc R71.

Type C, press ENTER
Type Ttr and press ENTER
Click circles A and B
(Click the points A and B on the circles shown in

the following image. DO NOT click on the construction lines).
2 - 11
9. Use TRIM command to remove the unwanted portion of the circle R71. The
procedure for TRIM command is appended below:
Type TRIM and press ENTER
Click the circles A and B (these are the reference objects)
Press ENTER (or Right-click)
Click on the portion C of the circle R71
10. Complete the drawing.
2 - 12
ACTIVITY 3:
Create one-view AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about adding
dimensions to your drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
Figure A3: Gasket

ONE SQUARE REPRESENTS 20 MM. THE DIAMETER OF THE HOLES IS 20 MM.
ACTIVITY 4:
Create one-view AutoCAD drawing of the lever crank, as shown in the following
figure. Dont worry about adding dimensions to your drawing. Use a metric drawing
template - acadiso.dwt.
Figure A4: Lever crank

(WEEK 3)
You will need the following sketching material to complete the tasks in this weeks
GLAs:
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3.
Lead pencils
Compass
Protractor
Eraser
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
3-2
IMPORTANT NOTE!
The main focus of the manual drawing in this weeks GLAs will be:
- Indicating FILLETS AND ROUNDS on drawings
- Placing dimensions
Refer to lecture notes / Engineering drawing books to learn and adopt good
dimensioning practices. Consider the following when you add dimensions to
drawings:
Each and every dimension, which is shown on the object, must be
indicated on your drawing.
THERE SHALL BE NO DIMENSIONS ON YOUR DRAWING EXCEPT THE ONES
INDICATED ON THE OBJECT. DO NOT DERIVE YOUR OWN DIMENSIONS. Your
job is to indicate only the given dimensions.
AVOID DIMENSIONING TO HIDDEN FEATURES.
AVOID REPETITIVE DIMENSIONING (i.e. THE SAME DIMENSION MUST NOT BE
REPEATED.)
3-3
ACTIVITY 1:
On a sketching paper / drawing sheet, draw the three orthographic views
(FRONT, TOP, and SIDE) to describe the following part.
-
USE A SCALE OF 1:2.5
FOLLOW THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION SYSTEM.
LEAVE A GAP OF APPROXIMATELY 50 MM BETWEEN VIEWS. THIS IS REQUIRED

FOR PLACING DIMENSIONS.
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS.
THE ARROW INDICATES THE DIRECTION OF FRONT VIEW.
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES.
The drawing shall be complete in all aspects, including the title block.
Part Name: SADDLE

Part Number: WK2.A1-232
Material:
1040 STEEL
FIGURE A1: OBJECT WITH FILLETS AND ROUNDS
3-4
FIGURE A1 (a): Indicating rounds in the SIDE view
FIGURE A1 (b): Indicating rounds in the TOP view.
3-5
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about dimensioning
the drawing.
FIGURE A2: TOP GASKET

Some suggestions:
1. Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
2. Create two layers object and centre.
3. Draw two concentric circles - 48 mm 124 mm.
4. Draw horizontal and vertical centre lines passing through the centre of the
circles.
5. Now draw two concentric circles 28 and R26 at point A, as shown in the
following image.
3-6
6. Type ARRAY and press ENTER,

7. Click the two circles (28 & R26) and press ENTER,
8. Type PO (for POLAR) and press ENTER,
9. Click the centre of 48 circle,
10. Type I (for Items) and press ENTER,
11. Type 3 (this includes the already drawn set of circles) and press ENTER.
12. Press ENTER to exit. You drawing should match the image shown below.
13. The objects that you have created using ARRAY command are inserted as a
BLOCK. EXPLODE THEM BEFORE PROCEEDING AHEAD.
Type EXPLODE and press ENTER.
Click the two circles (28 & R26) and press ENTER.
14. Draw another circle of 100 mm.
3-7
15. Use TRIM command to get rid of the unwanted sections. If TRIM doesnt work,
redo EXPLODE. The circles must be ungrouped before you can use TRIM.
16. Use FILLET command to produce R16 fillets.

Type FILLET, and press ENTER
Type R, and press ENTER
Type 16, and Press ENTER
Select the objects
Try multiple FILLET option also!!!!!!!
3-8
ACTIVITY 3:
Redraw the following Figure in AutoCAD. Dont worry about dimensioning the
drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
FIGURE A3: FILTER PLATE

For instructions, see next page ..
3-9
Some useful AutoCAD commands: XL, OFFSET, CHAMFER, FILLET.

-
Use XL to draw construction lines.
Make use of OFFSET command to draw parallel lines / features.
Use rectangular ARRAY option to draw the eight circles of 15. Follow the
following steps:
Draw a circle of 15, as shown in the following image.
Type ARRAY
Click the 15 circle and press ENTER
Type REC (for rectangular) and press ENTER
Type COU (for COUNT) and press ENTER
Type 4 (total number of columns) and press ENTER
Type 2 (total number of rows) and press ENTER
Type S (for Spacing) and press ENTER
Type 30 (distance between columns) and press ENTER
Type 30 (distance between rows) and press ENTER
Press ENTER to exit.
See next page ..

3 - 10
As explained in the previous activity, use FILLET command to create ROUNDS

R4 and FILLETS R8.
Use FILLET command to create the round ends of the slot 40.
Employ CHAMFER command to create the chamfer 3x45

Type CHA (for CHAMFER) and press ENTER
Type A (for angle) and press ENTER
Type 3 (chamfer length) and press ENTER
Click lines A and B
UCSICON COMMAND IS USED TO TURN THE UCS ICON ON / OFF. TRY IT !!!!
3 - 11
ACTIVITY 4:
Redraw the following Figure in AutoCAD. Dont worry about dimensioning the
drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
Complete this activity without getting any help. This is a good selfassessment exercise. Redo the previous weeks GLAs if you face
difficulties in completing it independently.
FIGURE A4: HEAD GASKET
3 - 12
Use CHAMFER command to create chamfers (9.53 x 45).

As shown in Figure 5a, construct half portion (upper or lower), and then use MIRROR
command to complete the drawing. Follow the following command sequence:
Type MIRROR and press ENTER
Select all the objects and press ENTER
Click on the End-points A and B
Type N (for NO) and press ENTER
Figure 5a: Construction of half portion of the object.

Try exploring the following AutoCAD functions/commands:
You can also use object GRIPS to change the size/location/orientation of objects.
Select an object and then click on any of the BLUE grips its colour will change
to RED now drag it to change its size/location/orientation. The change depends
on the selected GRIP.
EXTEND
LENGTHEN (or LEN)
MOVE
COPY
OOPS
(It restores the last erased object)

(WEEK - 4)
This weeks GLAs include:

Creating a dimensional style.
Creating multi-view drawings in AutoCAD.
Adding dimensions to a drawing.
Using AutoCAD design centre to access drawing features.
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
Page | 2
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the dimensioning tutorial. This is located in the
folder titled GLAs - WEEK 4.
LINE TYPE SCALE (LTS).

Your centre lines / hidden lines may appear as continuous lines on your screen. Type LTS,
press ENTER and then change the scale to 0.5. If needed, you can change it further.
Page | 3
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A1. The drawing
should include the following views in third-angle projection.
-
a FRONT view,
a SIDE view,
a TOP view

THE ARROW INDICATES THE DIRECTION OF FRONT VIEW.
For this activity, dimensioning the drawing is not required.
ONE SQUARE REPRESENTS 20 mm.
FIGURE A1: PEDESTAL
Page | 4
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE:
1. Open a new drawing file.
2. Create layers for different line types (object, hidden, centrelines,
dimension, and construction lines) and name them accordingly. Try
selecting dark colours as it would ensure that lines on your printed
drawings are legible.
3. The selected line types and line weights shall conform to Australian
drawing standards for an A4 drawing sheet. Use the following line types:
- Type A for object/visible lines
- Type B for dimension lines
- Type G for centre lines
- Type F for hidden lines
4. Use XL command to draw horizontal and vertical construction lines passing
through (0, 0). These lines will serve as your construction lines.
o Use OFFSET command to draw more construction lines. Offset
distance will be:
Length of the object in X-direction,
Height of the object in Y-direction.
This will create a rectangular area for the FRONT view, as shown below.
5. Use OFFSET again ( in X-direction ). This time consider 40 mm as offset

distance. This would be the gap between FRONT and SIDE views.
6. Repeat OFFSET using the depth of the object as offset distance. It defines
the location of the SIDE view.
7. Repeat the above steps to leave a 40 mm gap in the Y-direction and then
defining the area for the TOP view, as shown in the following image.
Page | 5
8. If you like, use TRIM command to get rid of any unwanted portions of the
construction lines.
NOW YOU HAVE DEFINED THE PLACEMENT OF THE VIEWS ACCORDING TO
3RD ANGLE PROJECTION.
9. Start creating the FRONT view (visible features first).

10. Create SIDE and TOP views (visible features first).
11. Project the features back and forth between views to indicate the hidden
features.
Page | 6
12. Import the dimensioning style MECHANICAL into this file. This can be
done using the AutoCAD Design Centre (ADC). Refer to the explanation
placed after Activity # 3 in this document.
13. Select the MECHANICAL style, as illustrated below.
14. Use DCE to add the centre lines to the circular views of the three holes.
15. The centre lines in the longitudinal views (hidden views in this case) of the
holes will be added manually. These lines shall be extended beyond the
object lines by approximately 5 to 6 mm.
16. Save the file. Dont worry about adding the dimensions.
Page | 7
ACTIVITY 3:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A3. Draw the
following views in third-angle projection:
a FRONT view
a SIDE view
a TOP view
Fully dimension the views.
FIGURE A3: BASE

Create separate layers for OBJECT LINES, CENTRE LINES, HIDDEN LINES,
DIMENSION LINES, and CONSTRUCTION LINES. Follow Australian drawing
standards. Line type F should be used for hidden features.
Dimensioning: Use the dimensioning style that you have created in the
previous activity. You can IMPORT the MECHANICAL dimensioning style
into this file via AutoCAD design centre (ADC). This is demonstrated in the
following section.
Page | 8
AutoCAD Design Centre (ADC)

The AutoCAD Design Centre provides a graphic interface where you can access and
re-use drawings and drawing objects, such as blocks, layers, dimension styles,
layouts, external references, and similar components from other drawing files and
locations. This way, you can create drawings more efficiently and save time.
The design can be loaded by entering the following commands:
- ADCENTER (or ADC)
- Ctrl + 2 (Pressing and holding down the CTRL key and typing 2.
The AutoCAD Design Centre is shown in the following figure.
You can use Auto-hide feature to hide the DesignCenter. It wont display once you
move the cursor outside the DesignCenter window.
Page | 9
To close the DesignCentre, use ADCCLOSE command.
USING THE ADC

Type ADC and press ENTER to launch the DesignCenter
See next page ..
P a g e | 10
Your screen should be similar to the one shown in the following image.
Double-clicking the DimStyles will display the MECHANICAL style that was
created in activity 2. You can load this style by double clicking. This is available in
your current drawing file now. Similarly, you can re-use any of the other available
features, such as layers, blocks, and layouts.
P a g e | 11
A USEFUL TIP!
Create a master file that contains layers, dimension styles, title blocks, layouts,
and other drawing elements that are configured according to Australian
drawing standards. Then, access these features using ADC.
DIMENSIONING TUTORIAL
This tutorial is designed to help you create a dimensioning style. The
explained procedure is based on command line approach. However,
the commands can also be activated using toolbars and menus.
Download the file Dimensioning tutorial.dwg from Blackboard, and

save it on your PC. Launch AutoCAD and then open the file.
The tutorial is also available in imperial units in the book titled AutoCAD
2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics by Alan J. Kalameja.
3-2
PREPARATION
Download the file Dimensioning tutorial.dwg and save it to your hard
drive.
Open the file
This file contains a two-view drawing, which will be dimensioned in this

tutorial. The following commands will be used:
DIMLINEAR
DLI
for adding linear dimensions
DIMALIGNED
DAL
for adding aligned dimensions
DIMDIAMETER
DDI
for adding diameter dimensions
DIMRADIUS
DRA
for radius of arcs / circles
DIMANGULAR
DAN
for angular dimensions
DIMCONTINUE
DCO
for adding chain dimensions, as shown in

Figure 1.
Figure 1: Chain dimensioning
3-3
DIMBASELINE DBA
for adding baseline dimensions, as shown in

Figure 2.
Figure 2: Baseline dimensioning
DIMCENTER
DCE
for adding centre marks / centre lines to circles
QDIM
QDIM
Quick dimensioning command. It is a very useful

command to add dimensions more efficiently.
LEADRER
LE
for adding leader lines
DTEXT
DT
for adding single line text
MTEXT
MT
for adding multiline text
DDEDIT
ED
for editing the text
You can also activate the above commands using toolbars and menus.
3-4
STEP 1:
Type D, and press enter. Click the New button. In the New Style Name area
enter MECHANICAL, and click the Continue button, as shown below.
3-5
STEP 2:
Make the following changes in the Lines tab, as shown in the following Figure:
Colour, linetype and lineweight
ByLayer
Baseline spacing
12
Extend beyond dim lines
Offset from origin
3-6
Switch to the Symbols and Arrows tab and make the changes, as shown in
following image.
Arrow size
Centre marks
Line
3-7
STEP 3:
Switch to the Text tab and make the following changes:
Text colour
ByLayer
Text height
2.5
Text placement
Vertical
Above (it will place the text above the dimension

line)
Horizontal
Centred
Text alignment
Horizontal
View direction
Left-to-Right
Offset from dim line
3-8
Switch to the fit tab and verify the following settings.
SCALE for dimension features. This setting controls the size of

dimensioning elements on drawings. This is usually reciprocal of the SCALE of
the drawing. For example:
a). For drawings plotted on a scale of 2:1, it will be 0.5.
b). For drawings plotted on a scale of 1:5, this will be 5.
3-9
Click the Primary Units tab and make the following changes.
Precision
2 decimal places
Decimal separator Period

Zero Suppression
Put checks against leading & Trailing. This will remove the
leading and trailing zeros for dimension values.
SCALE factor. This setting controls the value of the dimension shown on the
drawing. Selecting a factor of 2 will multiply the dimension values by 2.
3 - 10
Click the Tolerances tab to view the available options. No changes are required
for this tutorial. Observe the change in the appearance of the dimension values
when you change the Method in the tolerance format area. The available
methods are:
- Symmetrical
- Deviation
- Limits
- Basic
When finished, click OK.
3 - 11
STEP 4:
When diameter or radius dimensions are added, centre marks are placed
automatically. In this tutorial, well add the centre lines separately. Therefore,
we need to make some changes in our dimension style to avoid placing the
centre marks when adding diameters or radius dimensions.
Click the New button, and then select diameter dimensions from the Use for
drop down menu. Click the Continue button.
In the Symbols and Arrows tab, select None in the Centre marks area, as
shown in the following image.
3 - 12
Click the Fit tab and un-check the Draw dim line between ext lines.
Click OK button when finished.
3 - 13
STEP 5:
In the Dimension Style Manager dialog box, click MECHANICAL in the Styles
area. Then click the Set Current button to make MECHANICAL the current
dimension style. Click the Close button.
3 - 14
STEP 6:
Start placing the center marks to identify centres of all circular features in the
TOP view.
Type DIMCENTER (DCE), and click circle A.
Place centre marks on circles A through E.
3 - 15
STEP 7:
Type QDIM (for quick dimensioning), and press ENTER
Select points A through F and press ENTER (click the end points of vertical lines)
Type b, and press ENTER (Baseline dimensioning)
Type P and press ENTER (datumPoint this define the datum piont)
Click on point A
(OBJECT SNAP must be ON to select the end point A.)
Click a location to place the dimensions

NOTE: The steps in blue are peformed to identify a new base point (datumPoint) in
order for your dimensions to match the schematic.
3 - 16
STEP 8:
Type DIMLINEAR (or DLI), and press Enter to place the 15 vertical dimension,
as shown on the left in the following Figure.
Use DIMCONTINUE (or DCO) command to place the next dimension in-line
with the previous dimension, as shown in the middle in the following image.
Then, use DLI to place the 35 vertical dimension, as shown on the right in the
following image.
STEP 9:
Use the QDIM command and select the lines A through C in the following
image. If required, change the dimensioning style to baseline. You may have to
identify a new base point (datumPoint) in order for your dimension to match the
schematic (Refer to step 7).
Then use DIMANGULAR (or DAN) to place the 61 dimension in the
following Figure.
3 - 17
STEP 10:
Use ZOOM, and then extent option to display both the FRONT and TOP views.
Then use DIMDIAMETER (or DDI) to place the two diameter dimensions, as
shown in the Figure below.
STEP 11:
Place 15 diameter dimension using the DDI command.
3 - 18
STEP 12:
Since there are three holes of 15, use DDEDIT ( or ED) command to edit this
dimension value.
Enter ED and then click 15 dimension. A text dialogue box will be displayed.
Begin typing 3X to signify three holes of the same size.
STEP 13:
There is one more dimension that needs to be added to the Top view: 6 width of
the rib. Unfortunately, because of the placement of this dimension, extension
lines will be drawn on top of the objects lines. This is poor practice. To
overcome this, a dimension override will be created. Enter D to activate the
dimension style manager and click override.
3 - 19
In the Lines tab, place checks in the boxes to Suppress Ext line 1 and Ext line 2
in the extension line area. Click OK and then click Close.
3 - 20
STEP 14:
Use DLI to place the dimension. Use grips to match the location of the text, as
shown below.
3 - 21
STEP 15:
The completed Top view should look like the following image.
STEP 16:
Now the FRONT view will be dimensioned.
3 - 22
STEP 17:
Activate the Dimension Style Manager. Click MECHANICAL and then click Set
Current. A warning will be displayed. Click OK to discard the style overrides
because now we need to have extension lines.
STEP 18:
Use the DLI command to place the 40 & 30 diameter and 30 vertical
dimensions, as shown.
Also place the 45 angular dimension. Type DAN and then click the relevant
lines.
3 - 23
STEP 19:
Use QDIM to place the following vertical dimensions.
STEP 20:
The two diameter dimensions (40 & 30) in the Front view need a diameter
symbol. Use the ED command to activate the text box, and then select the
diameter symbol, as shown in the following image.
3 - 24
STEP 21:
Remove gaps between the extension lines and centre lines.
3 - 25
Your completed drawing should appear similar to the following image.
STEP 22:
Add the following notes using DTEXT command. The text height is 2.5.
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
Add the following notes using MTEXT command

TOLERANCE ON CASTING THICKNESS 2%.
SAVE THE FILE. YOU WILL NEED THIS FOR THE NEXT ACTIVITIES.
SOURCE:
AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics by Alan J. Kalameja.
Geometric Dimensioning and

Tolerancing (GDT) Symbols
What does this
dimension mean?
How to add this dimension?

See next .
Geometric Dimensioning
and Tolerancing (GDT)
Symbols
1. Add 8 dimension
2. Type ED and press
ENTER
3. Select the already
added dimension

Click this

Click this

Make sure
that GDT
is selected
here.
Select, copy and, paste

(WEEK - 5)
This weeks GLAs include:

Sectional views (Sections)
Blocks
Attributes
Title blocks and layouts
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
P a g e |2
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the layout tutorial. It is located in the folder titled
GLAs Week 5.
ACTIVITY 2:
-
a half sectional FRONT view from A
a SIDE view,
If required, draw a TOP view.
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS.

PLOT THE DRAWING ON A SCALE OF 1:1
COMPONENT MATERIAL: CAST IRON
For instructions, see next page .
FIGURE A1: SHAFT SLEEVE
P a g e |3
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
1. Decide the placement of the required orthographic views.
2. Create the specified views. The FRONT view will be a half
sectional view. Imagine that the quarter of the object has been
removed and you view the object from A.
3. As shown, the sliced surfaces contain sectioning lines. It
indicates that these surfaces have been cut by the cutting
plane.
4. Follow the procedure (on the next page)
sectioning lines to the FRONT view:
for adding the
5. The SIDE view will be a regular view considering the entire

object (including the removed portion).
6. Add a CUTTING PLANE line to the relevant view (SIDE view in this
case). For more details, refer to page 5 of this document.
7. Add dimensions using the dimensioning style that you created
in Week 4. If not sure about how to use ADC, refer to week-4 GLAs.
8. Save the file as GLA_WK5_A2.
NOTE: If not specified, the SIDE view refers to the RIGHT SIDE view.
P a g e |4
ADDING SECTIONING LINES (HATCHING)
For a cutting plane line, see next page .
P a g e |5
ADDING A CUTTING PLANE LINE
For correct indication of cutting plane line and sectioning lines, see next page
NOTE:
The hidden lines in the un-sectioned part of a half-sectional view (SECTION A-A) can be omitted.
As shown, the sectioned and un-sectioned halves of a half-sectional view are separated by a centreline.
ACTIVITY 3:
Open the file GLA_WK5_A2. This is the file that you have saved in the previous activity.
Type ADC and press ENTER to launch the AutoCAD Design Centre. Then, follow
the below steps to print your drawing.
Page |8
Page |9
P a g e | 10
P a g e | 11
ACTIVITY 4 (Optional):
-
a sectional FRONT view on A-A
a SIDE view from B
a TOP view
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS. USE A SCALE OF 1:1

COMPONENT MATERIAL: CAST IRON
FIGURE A1: CS SOCKET

SECTIONAL VIEW
a. Create the three views. This time, the FRONT view will be a full sectional
view.
b. Imagine that the half of the object has been removed and you view the
object from A. The cutting plane line A-A shows the location of the
imaginary saw.
c. The surfaces sliced by the cutting plane need to be cross-hatched (there
are some exceptions check the lecture notes).
d. Add the sectioning (hatching) lines see the next page.
e. Add a CUTTING PLANE line to the relevant view (either SIDE or TOP).
P a g e | 12
HATCHING
For details relating to the sectioning of flat features like

webs/ribs, refer to the lecture notes on sectioning.
DESIGNING & CREATING A LAYOUT

This tutorial would help you create a layout for your drawings. Reviewing the
following sections would be very helpful in understanding the terminologies
used in this tutorial.
MODEL SPACE:
This is the area that you have been using for creating your drawings since the
start of this unit.
Model space describes the area where you create all of the geometry that
represents two-dimensional and three-dimensional models (Full size) of objects.
Model space is displayed when you first start a drawing.
Model space is recognised by the UCSICON, as shown in the following Figure.
PAPER SPACE:
Paper space is a layout that refers to the sheet on which you plan to plot your
drawing. Paper space is recognised by the right-angle triangle symbol in the
lower-left corner.
Paper Space is used to manipulate views of the geometry that was created in
Model Space, NOT the geometry. There can be as many different layouts as
required all of which are saved within the same drawing. The views
(drawing) can be shown at any SCALE.
VIEWPORTS
Viewports are used for displaying different views of an object using different
scales. Similarly, viewports are very useful when you want to show pictorial
drawings and orthographic projections organised on the same page. VPORTS
command is used to create separate viewports in Model Space.
You can select the required number of viewports; however, the style of
viewports, created in the Model Space, cannot be edited/changed by the user.
Viewports created in paper space can be resized / stretched as desired. Entering
VPORTS activates the Viewports Dialogue Box, as shown below.
NOTE:
Single viewport is the default AutoCAD option when you
open a new drawing.
VIEW PORTS IN PAPER SPACE

Clicking the layout1 or layout2 will display the paper space, as shown in the
following image:
The rectangular area is the viewport. Clicking the view shows the grips that can
be used to resize the viewport.
Clicking the viewport (rectangular boundary) in paper space displays the

current scale of the drawing, as shown in the following image.
You can select your desired scale from the list.
Double clicking inside the viewport activates the Floating Model Space.
All AutoCAD functions and commands can be accessed here.
BLOCKS
Blocks are groups of entities (i.e. drawing elements) saved as a single unit.
Blocks are used to save the shapes, such as nuts, bolts, washers, resistors,
transistors, and diodes that are used frequently when creating drawings. The
following commands are used when creating and inserting blocks:
BLOCK (or B) to activate the Block Definition Dialogue Box
INSERT (or I) to activate the Insert Dialogue Box
You can also activate these dialogue boxes using Daw Toolbar, Palette and PullDown Menu. The Block Definition Box is shown below.
ATTRIBUTES
Attributes are text labels added to a block that prompt the drafter to enter
information to the drawing. The text label is called a tag and can contain any
information.
For example, Company_Name, Drawing_Title and Drafter_Name can be
attached as a tag to a title block. Inserting this title block (as a BLOCK) will ask
the dafter to enter the relevant details.
The following information is required when creating attribute tags:
- The information that will be requested
- The actual tag
- The default values
ATTDEF command is used to activate the Attribute Definition Box, as shown
below.
CREATING AN A3 LAYOUT
Start this tutorial in the model space.

STEP 1:
Open a new drawing file (acadiso.dwt) and create the required layers.
Refer to the GLAs for week 4 and use AutoCAD Centre and import the
Mechanical Dimensioning Style into this file. Set it current. You can do it later
if you dont have your Dimensioning Style file with you.
STEP 2:
Create the following layers. Refer to lecture notes (week 1) for line types and
weights for BORDER lines and Title block lines.
Note: Defpoints is a system layer. Never use it.
STEP 3:
Use RECTANGLE (or REC) command to draw a rectangular frame. You can
specify (0, 0) as the first corner of the rectangle. For the other corner, refer to
lecture notes (week 1) and find the frame size for an A3 sheet.
10
STEP 4:
Type ZOOM and press ENTER. Then type E (for extent) and press Enter.
STEP 5:
Create a title block, as shown below. Get the title block specifications from
lecture notes.
Draw a symbol for third-angle projection, as shown below.
11
STEP 6:
Now, we will assign attributes to the title block. Enter ATTDEF to activate the
Attribute Definition Dialogue Box.
You can also activate it using the INSERT menu, as shown in the following
image.
Enter the following information:

12
Tag:
Prompt:
Default:
Text Height:
Justification:
COMPANY_NAME
What is the name of the company?
ABC ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING
3.5
Left
(NOTE: The text shall be placed on the layer defined for Line Type B.)
Press OK. It will take you to the drawing area. Pick a point inside the title-block
cell designated for company name, as shown below.
13
Define the next attribute. Activate the Attribute Dialogue Box, as shown in the
following image. Make the following changes.
Tag:
Prompt:
Default:
Text Height:
Justification:
DRAWING_TITLE
What is the name of the drawing?
UNMANED
5
Left
Press OK and place the tag, as shown in the following image.
14
15
16
The title block should be similar to the following image.
Use DTEXT command to enter the information, as shown in the following

image. (Text height is 2.5). Use grips to adjust the position of objects.
17
Now, we will attach tags to DRAWN BY, DATE, CHECKED BY, and
APPROVED BY cells. Activate the Attribute Dialogue Box and enter the
information, as shown in the following Figure.
Place the tag as shown below.
18
19
The completed title block should be similar to one shown in the following
image.
20
CREATING A BLOCK
STEP 7:
Type BLOCK (or B), and press Enter to activate the Block Definition Dialogue
box
STEP 8:
Type A3 layout in the Name box (Block name may contain up to 31 characters).
STEP 9:
Click the Select Objects box.
STEP 10:
Select the objects (type ALL and press Enter)
STEP 11:
Press Enter again. The Block Definition Dialogue Box will appear on your
screen.
21
STEP 12:
Click Pick point. Pick point A (the lower-left corner of the frame), as shown
below.
STEP 13:
Press OK. The following dialogue box will be displayed.
STEP 14:
Press OK to accept the default values. Try selecting any of the objects on your
screen. You will notice that all entities have been converted into a block.
STEP 15:
Erase the title block, layout and its contents (e.g. text etc). You dont need this as
you have saved it as a block.
Type ERASE and press ENTER
Type ALL and press ENTER
Press ENTER again.
22
ADDING AN A3 DRAWING SHEET
STEP 16:
Type LAYOUTWIZARD and press ENTER.
23
24
25
26
INSERTING THE LAYOUT
STEP 17:
Check ATTDIA variable setting. Type ATTDIA and press Enter. Its value
should be set to 1. This allows entering the attribute data using a dialogue box.
STEP 18:
Type INSERT (or I) to activate the insert dialogue box.
STEP 19:
Select A3 Layout in the Name box
STEP 20:
Press OK
STEP 21:
The INSERT Dialogue Box reappears
STEP 22:
Select OK.
27
The A3 Layout block will appear on the screen with its insertion point aligned
with the cursor. The layout will move as you move the crosshairs. Move the
cursor until the layout appears about centred in the dotted line and
click the left mouse button to insert it at that position.
Double clicking any of the title-block entities will display the following
window. You can enter the value for the tags, as shown below. Just enter some
random value for each variable and press OK.
You can also change the entered information by double clicking in the title
block again.
28
ADDING A VIEW PORT
STEP 23:
We need to add a viewport so that we can view our drawings in the recently
created layout. Create a layer named ViewPort as shown in the following
images.
STEP 24:
Click the printer icon to disable printing of ViewPort layer as shown below.
This will prevent the viewport outline printed on your drawings.
STEP 25:
Double click the ViewPort layer to make it current.
29
STEP 26:
Type VPORTS and press ENTER
STEP 27:
Select Single and press OK.
STEP 28:
Pick points A and B on your screen. If required, you can resize this viewport
later.
30
STEP 29 (optional):
Follow the above steps and create layouts for A4 and A2 drawing sheets.
STEP 30:
Save the file as My Layouts.
NOTE:
Using AutoCAD Design Centre (ADC), you can
import the Mechanical Dimensioning Style into
this file and then use the file as a template for
your drawings.
Print the layout and verify the line types (shape
and thickness) used for BORDERS, TITLE BLOCK
and PROJECTION SYMBOL. The line types on
your printed/plotted drawings must conform to
the specifications.

(WEEK - 6)
The lab tasks in Week 6 are designed to help you

understand the concept of:
Auxiliary views: Providing true shape and size description of
inclined surfaces
Simplified representation of threads: Representing threads on
drawings
Sections: Exposing hidden features of an object by creating
sectional views
Keyways: Indicating and dimensioning keyways
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
Page |2
ACTIVITY 1:
Draw the necessary views, including a FRONT view from A, a TOP view and a
partial auxiliary view, to describe the object shown in Figure A1.
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS. FOLLOW THIRD-ANGLE PROJECTION.
PLOT THE DRAWING IN PDF ON A SCALE OF 1:1.
NOTE:
For information on auxiliary views, refer to the lecture notes.
FIGURE A1: ANGLE BRACKET (MILD STEEL)
NOTE:
Your centre lines / hidden lines may appear as continuous lines on your screen. Type LTS,
press ENTER and then change the scale to 0.5. If needed, you can change it further.
STEP 1: You need to change the orientation of the UCS (i.e.

the direction of X and Y axes). The steps are appended below:
Type UCS and press ENTER
Type N and press ENTER
Now click ON the intersection A
Click on the end point B
Click on the end point C
STEP 2: Now use DCE to add the centre mark.
Page |5
STEP 3: RESTORE THE ORIGINAL POSITION OF THE UCS.

STEP 4: Extend the centre line

Type EXTEND and press ENTER
Click the lines L and M
Click the lines P and Q
Press ENTER again.
STEP 5: ADD DIMENSIONS 20 and 28

Use DAL to add these dimensions. DAL stands for dimension
aligned.
Page |6
ACTIVITY 2:
Draw the following views of the object shown in Figure A4:
A sectional FRONT view on A-A,
A SIDE view from B.
A TOP view.
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS. FOLLOW THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION SYSTEM
FIGURE A4: SHAFT SUPPORT (MILD STEEL)
For representing M5, see the next page .
Page |7
REPRESENTATION OF INTERNAL THREADS (M5)

There are specific requirements for representing external and internal threads
on drawings. For detailed information, refer to the lecture notes or Australian
drawing standards. The following illustration only applies to the M5 holes in the
object shown in Figure A4.
The representation of threads requires indicating MAJOR and MINOR
diameters of threads. For the interpretation of the major and minor diameters,
refer to the document titled M10x1.5 on FLECS Blackboard.
For the given hole of M5, we assume a pitch of 1 mm (i.e. M5 x 1). Therefore,
we can use 5 as the major diameter and 3 as the minor diameter.
NOTE:
It is just a simplified representation of threads (not the actual drawing of the
threads).
FRONT VIEW:
As the FRONT view is a sectional view, the M5 hole will be represented as
Figure: A4(a): Internal threads in sections
Page |8
SIDE VIEW FROM B:

The SIDE view from B will show the circular view of the M5 hole. This is
illustrated in the following image.
Figure: A4(b): Circular view of the hole M5 (viewed from B)
TOP VIEW:
The M5 hole is not visible from TOP. In this case, both diameters will be
indicated using line type F, as illustrated in the following image.
Figure: A4(c): Hidden threads

NOTE: The values of the major and minor diameters remain the same in all of
the views.
(To add the M5 dimension, refer to Appendix A on the following pages).
Page |9
Appendix A: Adding the M5 dimension

In this drawing, the threads are visible in the following two views:
Sectional FRONT view,
SIDE view from B.
You can use one of these views to add the M5 dimension. This is explained
below:
Indicating M5 on the Sectional FRONT view

Use LE to draw the leader line and then use DTEXT to add the text M5, as
Indicating M5 on the view from B

Add the 5 dimension using DDI,
Use ED to edit the dimension,
Replace with letter M.
NOTE:
Follow one of the above styles. The same dimension must not be repeated on
the drawing.
P a g e | 10
Appendix B: INDICATING TOLERANCES

There are two size limits for one of the holes in the given object. These limits indicate
that any size in the range 29.95 30.10 is acceptable. In terms of tolerances, its
interpretation is given below:
The basis size is 30.
The UPPER deviation is + 0.10 and the LOWER deviation is - 0.05. It means that it
is a bilateral tolerance (i.e. deviation on both sides of the basis size).
You can draw a circle of 30 diameter on your drawing and then edit the dimension
value to add either size limits or deviations.
On drawings, it can be indicated using either of the methods shown in the following
images:
METHOD 1: Indicating the size limits
METHOD 2: Indicating the deviation
P a g e | 11
STEP 1:
Use AutoCAD design (ADC) centre and import the MECHANICAL dimensioning
style into your current drawing. If not sure about how to use ADC, refer to week-4 GLAs.
STEP 2:
Type D and press ENTER.
In the Dimension Style Manager dialog box, click MECHANICAL in the Styles area.
Then click the Set Current button to make MECHANICAL the current dimension
style. Click the Close button.
STEP 3:
Add all of the given dimensions to your drawing.
STEP 4:
Type D, and press enter. Click the New button. In the New Style Name area enter
TOLERANCES, and click the Continue button, as shown below.
P a g e | 12
P a g e | 13
STEP 5:
Make the changes, as shown in the following image.
Click OK button when finished.

Click CLOSE.
P a g e | 14
STEP 6:
Click the 30 dimension. Then RIGHT click on your screen and select the
TOLERANCES under Dim Style. It will add the size limits as shown in the following
image.
P a g e | 15
You can switch to deviation mode by changing the

tolerance METHOD to DEVIATION using the drop menu under
TOLERANCE FORMAT (refer to STEP 5).
Click the dimension. Then RIGHT click on your screen and
select Properties. This will open a dialog box, as shown in the
following image. You can change the deviation of individual
dimensions by entering the values here.
AutoCAD Tutorials
(WEEK 7)
Complete the following tutorials:

Polar tracking
AutoCAD commands
Analysing 2D drawings
Youll be able to finish the tutorials in less than 1.5
hours. Utilize the remaining time to complete your
assignment drawings.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU

LEAVE THE LAB.
NOTE:
Page 2
Polar Tracking
Page 3
In this tutorial, we will locate the centre of the polygon using the following
commands/tools:
Polar tracking
ONSAP Extension mode
SNAP overrides
Temporary Tracking Point
Page 4
STEP 1:
Download and open the file Polar tracking.dwg.
Check that the followings buttons on the status bar are ON.
Verify the OSNAP settings, as shown in the following images.
Page 5
STEP 2:
Type POLYGON, and press ENTER
(Number of sides of the polygon)
Press ENTER to specify the centre of the polygon
STEP 3:
Acquire point P by moving your cursor, as shown in the following image.
STEP 4:
Now move your cursor to acquire point Q, as illustrated in the following image.
Page 6
STEP 5:
Move your cursor to get the point where both temporary tracking points meet,
as shown below. This is a point that we will use as a temporary track point to
locate the centre of the polygon. DO NOT PICK THE POINT AT THIS
LOCATION.
Page 7
STEP 6:
Right click anywhere on your screen and select the Temporary track point, as
shown in the following image. Now pick the point A, as shown in the image.
Page 8
STEP 7:
Move your cursor up and enter 200
Type C to select Circumscribed option
Specify radius of circle 100
The final output should match the following image.
Page 9
AutoCAD Commands
Page 10
PEDIT Command
A ployline can assume various features such as linetype and width. PEDIT is
used to edit polylines to attain the desired characteristics. The following
example explains one of the functions of PEDIT. We will use this command to
convert an object into a closed polyline.
EXAMPLE:
Open an AutoCAD file and draw a triangle using Line command.
Currently, this triangle is composed of three line segments, which are entities of
this object. These entities can be transformed into a single entity using PEDIT
command.
Type PEDIT and press ENTER
Type M (for multiple) and press ENTER
Select all the objects and press ENTER
Convert lines and Arcs to ployline: Y
Type J ( for Join ) and press ENTER
Press ENTER to select the default value of zero for fuzz
distance.
Press ENTER again.
The triangle has been converted into a single entity now. Try selecting it!
Page 11
EXPLODE command
This command is used to split compound objects such as polylines, blocks,
regions and 3D solids into the basic entities that make them up. Try exploding
the above triangle! Type EXPLODE and then select the triangle.
Page 12
BOUNDARY Command
This command is used to create a polyline around any enclosed shape. It is very
similar to the method used for defining a hatch boundary. When BOUNDARY
command is activated, AutoCAD displays the boundary creation dialogue box,
as shown below.
Page 13
EXAMPLE:
Open an AutoCAD file and create the layers OBJECT and PLINE (select
different colours).
Make the OBJECT layer current.
Use Line command to draw a closed shape on the OBJECT layer, as shown in
the following image.
This shape consists of five line segments. We will use boundary command to
create a boundary around the object this would create another object. The
original object would remain unchanged.
Make the PLINE layer current.
Type BOUNDARY and then click Pick points.
Select any point inside the triangle
Press Enter
This is the object created by BOUNDARY command.

Page 14
M2P
(Mid of two points)
Draw a rectangle of 200 x 100.

Draw a circle of 50. The centre of the circle is located at midpoint on the
diagonal.
Use M2P to locate the centre.
Page 15
Analysing 2D Drawings
Page 16
AutoCAD Inquiry Commands

AutoCAD inquiry commands help in performing measurements, calculations,
and analysing the existing drawings. These commands are used to obtain
information about the selected objects. Inquiry commands do not affect the
drawings in any way. Some of the commonly used inquiry commands are listed
below:
- AREA (or AA)
- DISTANCE (or DI)
- ID (used to locate a feature)
- LIST (or LI)
- DBLIST
- QC (quick calculations)
The results generated by these commands are provided in the text window.
Some of the above commands will switch the AutoCAD to text mode. You can
close the text window to return to the graphical mode. Alternatively, you can
use the following commands to toggle between graphical drawing and text
modes:
GRAPHSCR
switches to graphical mode
TEXTSCR
switches to text mode.
Page 17
The AREA Command

The AREA command calculates the area of an object in square units.
EXAMPLE 1:
Open an AutoCAD file and draw a rectangle (200 x 100), as shown below.
Type AREA (or AA)

Select the vertices using OSNAP (follow a pattern: clockwise or
anticlockwise)
Press ENTER when finished
The following results will be displayed in the text window on your screen.
Page 18
EXAMPLE 2:
There are situations when you may wish to calculate the area of a shape with
holes cut through it. This is explained in this example.
Create a circle of diameter 50 inside the rectangle of Example 1.
Use AREA command to measure the area of the circle.

Type AREA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: O (for object)
Select objects: select the circle
The following results will be displayed on your screen.
Page 19
Now we will measure the area of the rectangle excluding the area of the circle.
Use PEDIT command to convert the rectangle into a polyline.
Command: PEDIT
Select polyline or [Multiple]: M
Select objects: select all the sides of the rectangle
Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]? <Y> Y
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/gen/Undo]: J
Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <0.0000>: press enter
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: press enter
Follow the following command sequence to calculate the area of rectangle

excluding the area of the hole:
Command: AREA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
A (for ADD)
Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]:
O (for object)
(ADD mode) Select objects: select the rectangle

(ADD mode) Select objects: press enter exit ADD mode
Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: S (for subtract)
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]: O (for object)
(SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: select the circle
(SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: press enter to exit the subtract mode
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]:
press enter to exit AREA command
Total area = 18036.5046
Page 20
The DISTANCE Command

This command is used to measure the linear distance between two selected
points on an object. For example, measuring the distance between points 1 and
3 or between points 2 and 4 will yield the diagonal length.
Command: DI
DIST Specify first point:
select the corners 1 and 3
The following results will be displayed.

Distance = 223.6068, Angle in XY Plane = 27, Angle from XY Plane = 0
Delta X = 200.0000, Delta Y = 100.0000, Delta Z = 0.0000
Page 21
The ID Command
This command is used to obtain the current absolute coordinates of the selected
point. Follow the following command sequence to locate the centre of the circle,
as shown in the following image.
Command: ID
Specify point: CEN
select the circle
It will display the X, Y and Z coordinates of CENTRE of the circle.
Repeat this to locate the following: midpoints (MID) and end points (END) of
the four line segments.
Page 22
The LIST Command

Use this command to obtain information about a selected object or group of
objects. This command switches the current mode to text mode. Close the
window to return to the graphical mode or you can use GRAPHSCR to get the
same results.
For example, activating the LIST command and then selecting the circle will
yield the following information about the circle.
Page 23
DBLIST Command
These command lists information pertaining to the objects in a drawing. Using
these commands will display the following information:
NOTE:
- You need to press F2 to view the information in the text window.
- The information is about the rectangle and the circle. The rectangle consists
of four line segments. Depending on the location and type of the objects, you
may get different information displayed on your screen.
Try finding the difference between LIST and DBLIST!
Page 24
The QC Command
This command displays a calculator for performing mathematical calculations.
Page 25
EXERCISE:
DRAWING ANALYSIS
Download and open the file Drawing analysis.dwg. Use the relevant
commands to determine:
- The area of each element on this drawing
- The net area of the shape
-
The length of the diagonal of the triangle
- The location of the centre of circles

- The location of midpoints of the sides of the triangle
- The location of end points of the sides of the polygon
- Details pertaining to the circle
- List down details of all entities of this drawing

(WEEK - 8)
This weeks GLAs involve assembly drawings. An

assembly drawing has the following essential
elements:
Assembly / arrangement description
Parts list that contain part name, quantity and drawing
reference of individual components
Specifications for standard parts
Youll be able to finish the tutorials in less than 1.5 hours. Utilize the
remaining time to create your project drawings.
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
Page |2
EXAMPLE:
An assembly drawing of a CRANE HOOK is shown below. This explains how
different parts of an assembly are labelled using numbers and balloons. Also, see the
directions of sectioning lines. Alternate directions are used for parts of the crane
hook assembly.
FIGURE 1: CRANE HOOK ASSEMBLY1
1 Cecil H. Jensen and J.D. Helsel, Interpreting Engineering Drawings. 7th ed. 2007: Thomson Delmar Learning.
Page |3
ACTIVITY:
Details of a shaft mounting assembly are shown in Figure 2. Prepare a general
assembly drawing with parts list. This should be a full sectional assembly drawing.
a. Decide the FRONT view. This should be the one that is most descriptive view of
the entire product.
b. Start with the MOUNTING BASE. Draw its FRONT view.
c. Superimpose the FRONT of BUSH on the FRONT view of MOUNTING BASE.
The BUSH should be inserted fully.
Usually, tolerances are provided on the relevant sizes to ensure a particular type of fit,
such as interference or clearance, between mating components. This topic will be covered
in one of the design related units.
Repeat the above step for SHAFT. The SHAFT should be inserted fully.
d. If necessary, draw more views (e.g. TOP and/or SIDE). More views are only
needed if the FRONT is not showing all the parts and their relationship with each
other.
NOTE:
1. As shown in the Figure above, alternate directions of sectioning lines are
used for parts in an assembly.
2. Section lines are drawn in the same direction when the same component
is cross-hatched.
3. There are certain components that are not cross-hatched in the sectional
views of assemblies. For details, refer to lecture notes on sectional views.
4. Similarly, flat features like webs, ribs, and gear tooth are not crosshatched. This is done to avoid false impression of thickness and solidity (see
lecture notes on sectional views).
Page |4
PARTS LABELLING AND PARTS LIST:

The part numbers should be indicated, as shown in the example
above.
The text height should be 5 mm. The part number should be
placed in a circle (balloon), which is located about 20 mm
away from the nearest line on the drawing. Draw balloons
(circles) using circle command.
Use leaders to connect circles to the relevant component. The
leader line should be radial with respect to the circle (balloon).
The parts list (bill of materials) can be placed on an assembly
drawing just above the title block. In this case, the parts should
be listed in ascending order so that the first part is at the bottom
of the table.
The bill of materials can also be placed at the top of the
drawing (upper-right corner). In this case, the parts must be
listed in descending order with the first part at the top of the
table.
Use 5 mm height for titles, 3.5 for subtitles, and 2.5 for all other
information in the parts list.
You can draw and customise tables using the AutoCAD Table
Dialogue box.
NOTE:
Parts labelling, and creating table should be done in paperspace.
( See next page .. )
Page |5
Page |6
FIGURE 2: SHAFT MOUNTING ASSEMBLY

(WEEK 9)
This weeks GLAs will help you understand some of the

basics of solid modelling.
There is a wide range of AutoCAD commands and
functions that can be used for constructing solid
models. Only few of those will be explained here.
For an in-depth understanding,
recommended text book.
refer
to
the
Youll be able to finish the GLAs in less than 1.5 hours.

Utilize the remaining time to create your project
drawings.
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the solid modelling tutorial.
Page | 2
ACTIVITY 2:
Create a 3D model of the object shown in Figure A2.
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
There are several ways to constructing this model. The following procedure will be helpful
in learning some more 3D commands / functions.
1. Construct the base
a. BOX command
- Length (62)
- Width (44)
- Height (14)
b. CYLINDER
- Centre (use M2P option to locate the centre)
- Diameter (44)
- Height (14)
b. UNION (combine the box and cylinder)
c. CYLINDER (Create the 24 hole. Use OSNAP to locate its centre.)
d. SUBTRACT (cylinder from the base)
2. Create the walls
a. BOX (create it on a separate location)
- Length (26)
- Width (12)
- Height (43)
b. WEDGE (create it on a separate location)
- Length (17)
- Width (12)
- Height (43)
c. Use 3DALIGN command to join the box and wedge. For 3DALIGN command,
refer to the document titled, 3D Modelling commands on Blackboard.
d. UNION (combine the wedge and box)
e. Create a copy of the wall (as you need two walls)
3. Use 3DALIGN to join the base and walls (one by one)
4. UNION
Page | 3
FIGURE A2: COLUMN BRACKET
Page | 4
SOLID MODELLING TUTORIAL

The following 3D modelling commands would be used to complete the attached
solid modelling tutorial:
-
EXTRUDE
CYLINDER
BOX
UNION
SUBTRACT
HIDE
REGEN
FACETRES
For detailed description of commands, refer to the following book, which is the
source of this tutorial.
ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics,
Thomson Learning
The book also provides a very comprehensive explanation of each and every step of
the solid modelling process. Note that the original tutorial is in imperial units.
Source: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics, Thomson Learning
The purpose of this tutorial is to construct a solid model of an object using the
dimensions indicated on its 2D orthographic projections as shown in the following
the image.
Figure: FRONT and TOP views of a collar.
PAGE |2
TUTORIAL PREPARATION
1.
Open a new drawing file acadiso.dwg
2.
Switch to 3D modelling workspace, as shown in the following

image.
3. Create a layer with the following properties:

NAME:
Model
Colour:
Cyan
Linetype: Continuous
PAGE |3
STEP 1:
Set the Model layer current.
Use the dimensions in the TOP view and draw the three circles, as shown
below.
Perform a ZOOM All.
STEPS 2 & 3:
Draw lines tangent to the three circles. Perform trimming operation so your
image will appear similar to the following figure.
PAGE |4
STEP 4:
Get ready to build the base by viewing the object in 3D. Select SE Isometric
option from the drop-down menu, as illustrated below. You display should
match the orientation shown in following image.
Select Wireframe (it is 3D wireframe shown below) from this drop-down menu
Select SE ISOMETRIC
PAGE |5
STEP 5:
Use Join option of PEDIT and covert all objects to a polyline.
STEP 6:
Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER
Select the object and press ENTER
Your display will be similar to the illustration shown below.
STEP 7:
The following command sequence will create a cylinder using CYLINDER

command.
Type CYLINDER and press ENTER
Type 0,0,0 and press ENTER
(This defines the centre of the cylinder)
Enter 60 as diameter
Enter 55 as the height
Perform ZOOM-ALL to display all the objects.
PAGE |6
STEP 8:
Use the following command sequence to merge the base and cylinder:
Type UNION and press ENTER
Select the base and cylinder
Press ENTER
STEP 9:
Now, well create the 40 hole inside the cylinder. Create a cylinder with
following specifications:
- Centre of the cylinder
0,0,0
- Diameter
40
- Height
55
STEP 10:
Use SUBTRACT command to cut the hole through the outer cylinder.
Type SUBTRACT and press ENTER
Select the base as the source object and press ENTER
Select the inner cylinder as the object to subtract and press ENTER
Type HIDE and press ENTER. Your display should be similar to the
following illustration.
PAGE |7
STEP 11:
Type REGEN and press ENTER. This will regenerate your screen and return
to 2D Wireframe model. Now, create two 20 holes using CYLINDER and
SUBTRACT commands. The Centre option of OSNAP will be used to place
the cylinders at the centre of arcs A and B, as shown in the image below.
STEP 12:
SUBRACT the cylinders from the base. Use HIDE command to view the
results, as illustrated in the figure below.
STEP 13:
Turn ON the Ortho
It is the time to construct the rectangular slot that will pass through the two
cylinders. BOX command with Centre option will be used to complete this
task. Use the following specifications for creating the box:
Centre of box
Length
Width
Height
0,0,55
80
20
- 15 (negative value)
PAGE |8
STEP 14:
Create the slot using SUBTRACT command. Use base as your source object
and box as the object to subtract.
STEP 15:
Change the facet resolution using the FACETRES system variable. Try using
a value of 5 and performing a hidden line removal operation (HIDE). The
model appearance will be similar to the following image.
PAGE |9
Now try visualising the object using different options, such as realistic, conceptual
and 3D Hidden, as shown below:
P A G E | 10
P A G E | 11
P A G E | 12

(WEEK - 10)
This weeks GLAs demonstrate e 3DROTATE command

that uses a special gizmo to rotate objects around a
base point
For more details, refer to the recommended text book.
Youll be able to finish the GLAs in less than 1.5 hours.
Utilize the remaining time to create your project
drawings.
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the 3D ROTATE tutorial.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create a 3D model of the object shown in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1: ANGLE BRACKET
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
The following procedure explains one of several ways of constructing this model. This
procedure employs the primitives shown in the following Figures.
PRIMITIVES 1 & 2:
a. BOX command
- Length (38)
- Width (64)
- Height (19)
b. CYLINDER
- Centre (use M2P option to locate the centre)
- Diameter
- Height
b. UNION (combine the box and cylinder)
c. CYLINDER (Create the 25 hole. Use OSNAP to locate its centre.)
d. SUBTRACT (cylinder from the base)
e. Create a copy of it. You may need to rotate it.
PRIMITIVE 3:
a. Create its top view.
b. Use EXTRUDE command to build it.
PRIMITIVE 4:
Use WEDGE command to create it
-
Length (51)
Width (38)
Height (51)
PRIMITIVE 5:
Use BOX command
- Length (51)
- Width (38)
- Height (13)
Use 3DROTATE, 3DALIGN and UNION commands to construct the

final model.
3D ROTATE TUTORIAL
This tutorial will help you use 3DROTATE command to re-orient solid shapes to
construct a solid model, as shown in the following Figure.
For detailed explanation of commands, refer to the following book, which is

the source of this tutorial:
Thomson Learning
Download and open the file 3DRotate.dwg
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS 232
SOLID MODELS IN AutoCAD

MORE COMMANDS & FUNCTIONS
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
This document explains some of the

AutoCAD commands and functions
that are used for constructing /
editing solid models.
For detailed explanation, refer to the following

source.
CONCEPT MODELING
Dragging Basic Shapes
Concept modeling is where exact
distances are not important.
CONCEPT MODELING
For example:
1. Construction of a solid block using the box command.
2. First view your model in one of the many 3D viewing
positions, such as SE (Southeast) Isometric.
3. Next enter the box command and pick first and second
corner points for the box on the screen.
4. When prompted for the height of the box, move your
cursor up and notice the box increasing in height
Dragging Basic Shapes

CONCEPT MODELING
Using Dynamic UCS to Construct on Faces
1.
Turn on DUCS, and when prompted for the base or center point,
hover your cursor over the face. The face will highlight (the edge will
appear dashed) to indicate that it has been acquired.
2.
When you click a point on this face for the start of the cylinder, the
UCS icon changes to reflect this change and the base of the cylinder
can be seen. Pick a point to specify the radius.
3.
To specify the height of the cylinder, simply drag your cursor away
from the face and you will notice the cylinder taking shape
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
The grips that appear on solid primitives, range in shape from
squares to arrows.
You can perform an edit operation by selecting either the square or
arrow shapes
CONCEPT MODELING
Key Grip Locations
SQUARE GRIP located in the center
of a primitive allows you to change the
location of the solid.
SQUARE GRIPS displayed at the
corner (vertex) locations of a primitive
will allow you to resize the base
shape.
CONCEPT MODELING
Key Grip Locations
ARROWS located along the edges of the
rectangular base allow each individual side
to be modified.
ARROW grips that point vertically also
appear in the middle of the top and bottom
faces of the box primitive. These grips
allow you to change the height of the
primitive.
CONCEPT MODELING
Grip Editing a Cone
The grips that appear on cylinders, pyramids, cones,
and spheres have similar editing capabilities
CONCEPT MODELING
Editing with Grips and Dynamic Input
Grip editing of primitives that make up a solid model in
an accurate manner.
To accomplish this, Dynamic Input must be turned on.
CONCEPT MODELING
Manipulating Sub-objects
A sub-object is any part of a solid. It could be a face, an edge, or
a vertex (corner).
Pressing the ctrl key will allow you to select a sub-object
If you accidentally select a sub-object, press ctrl + shift and pick it
again to deselect it.
A 3D box
and pyramid.
CONCEPT MODELING
Once a sub-object is selected, click on the grip to activate the grip
Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, and Mirror modes
You can drag your cursor to a new location or enter a direct distance
value from the keyboard
CONCEPT MODELING
Editing Sub-objects of a Solid Model
The same technique can be used to isolate a

primitive that is already consumed or made part of
a solid model.
This would allow you to edit a specific primitive

while leaving other primitives of the solid model
unselected
CONCEPT MODELING
Adding Edges and Faces to a Solid Model
You can imprint regular objects such as lines, circles,
or polylines
The line segment is drawn directly onto the face of a
solid model.
CONCEPT MODELING
This line, once imprinted, becomes part of the solid
and in our case divides the top face into two faces.
Then, using the sub-object technique, we can change the
shape of the solid model.
The command used to perform this operation is imprint.
CONCEPT MODELING
After the imprint operation is performed on the line
segment, this object becomes part of the solid
model.
When the imprinted line is selected as a sub-object,
the grip located on the line can be selected and
dragged up or down.
CONCEPT MODELING
Pressing and Pulling Bounding Areas
An additional technique used for constructing solid models is
available to speed up the construction and modification processes.
The technique is called pressing and pulling, which can be
activated by entering the presspull command.
EDITING SOLID
MODELS
Additional Methods for Editing Solid Models
3DMOVE
3DALIGN,
3DROTATE
MIRROR3D
3DARRAY
3DMOVE
This tool displays the move grip tool, which displays
an axis for the purpose of moving objects a specified
direction and distance.
3DMOVE
1. Activate 3DMOVE command and select the object.
2. Pick any convenient point to utilize as the base point for the
move. Object snap modes can be used to accomplish this task if
desired.
3. You then move your cursor over one of the three axis handles to
define the direction of the move.
4. As you hover over one of the handles, it will turn yellow and a
direction vector will display. Click on this axis handle to lock in the
direction vector.
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
Located under 3D operations in the Modify pull-down
Line up source points with destination points to apply command
Use Object Snaps for accuracy
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
When the three points are identified, the object moves
and aligns to the three points
The first destination point acts as a base point where
the object being aligned will lock
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
Circular shapes only need two sets of source and
destination points to properly align shapes
3DROTATE
The 3DROTATE Command
Uses rotation to position objects in 3D
A thorough understanding of the User Coordinate System
(UCS) is a must in operating this command
Run from the modify menu
3DROTATE
Object is rotated based on the current axis position
identified on the User Coordinate System
Use right hand rule of rotation
Positive rotation occurs as the fingers close on
the right hand, the thumb points toward the
positive axis direction
3DROTATE
Example
First, select the box at "A" as the object to rotate in 3D
Axis of rotation is based on the Y-Axis and will rotate to
a positive 90
3DROTATE
Rotate the other box based on the X-axis at 90
3DROTATE
Once the boxes are rotated to the correct angles,
they are moved into position using Object Snap
modes
Once moved, they are then joined to the model
using the UNION command
MIRROR3D
The MIRROR3D Command
Similar to the mirror command for 2D this command
allows the objects to be mirrored on any axis
3DARRAY
The 3DARRAY Command
Similar to the array command, accomplishes either
rectangular or polar arrays in 3D
2 axis or rotation points are selected for polar
Rectangular has rows columns and levels
DETECTING INTERFERENCES OF
SOLID MODELS
The INTERFERE command
Will identify any interference and highlight the solid
models that overlap
Type INTERFERE and press ENTER
DETECTING INTERFERENCES OF
SOLID MODELS
The INTERFERE command
Select first and second sets of solids. In each case, pick both pipes
separately.
Pressing enter at the end of the command sequence will change
the solid objects to a wireframe display to expose the areas of
the objects considered interfering with one another
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
This command will create new solids from the
existing ones that are sliced. You can also
retain one or both halves of the sliced solid
Type Sl or SLICE and press ENTER
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a solid requires some type of cutting plane
You can also define the cutting plane or surface by specifying
three points, by picking a surface, by using another object, or
by basing the cutting plane line on the current positions of the
XY, YZ, or ZX planes.
Once sliced, the Move

command can be used to
separate the models
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a Solid with a Surface
A solid object can also be sliced by a surface.
A surface is created by performing a 3D operation such as extrusion
or revolution on an open object.
Once the surface is created, it is positioned inside of the 3D solid
model, where a slicing operation is performed
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a Solid with a Surface
With the newly created surface positioned inside of the solid block,
issue the slice command.
Pick the solid block as the object to slice and select the surface as
the slicing plane
You will also be prompted to select the portion of the solid to keep.
Here is where you pick the bottom of the solid
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Terrain Modeling
A unique type of solid model can be created when it is sliced by a
surface created using a lofting operation.
Four different splines have been applied to the edge faces of a solid
block.
Using the loft command, two splines are selected as cross sections
and the other two splines as guides or rails
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Terrain Modeling
With the surface created, activate the slice command,
Pick the solid block as the object to slice, select the surface as the
slicing plane
Pick the lower portion of the solid as the portion to keep
The SOLIDEDIT Command

Once features such as holes, slots, and extrusions
are constructed in a solid model, there may come a
time to make changes to these features
Type SOLIDEDIT and press ENTER
Select the option
Face
Edge
Body editing

Extruding (Face editing)
Faces may be lengthened or shortened using the Extrude
option
A positive distance extrudes the face in the direction of its
normal.
A negative distance extrudes the face in the opposite
direction.

Moving (Face editing)
The two horizontal cylinders need to be moved 30 mm up
from their current location
The cylinders are first selected at "A" and "B using the
SOLIDEDIT command along with the Move option

Rotating (Face editing)
The triangular extrusion needs to be rotated 45 in
the clockwise direction
A
D
C

Offset (Face editing)
Increase or decrease the size of selected faces
Using positive values increases the volume of
the solid
Entering negative values reduces the volume
of the solid

Tapering (Face editing)
Tapers all selected sides of an object
Positive tapers like A
Negative tapers like B
B
A

Deleting (Face editing)
Select the hole at "A" as the face to erase
Since the top face of the plate also highlights,
you will have to deselect it using
the Remove option or <Shift> Pick Object
A

Copying (Face editing)
You can copy a face for use in the creation of another solid
model
Notice that all objects that makeup the face such as the
rectangle and circles are highlighted
Use the remove or <Shift> Pick Object options to obtain
desired selection

Imprinting (Body editing)
Place construction geometry on an object
Imprint the construction line onto the part
Once imprinted, the part is split on that surface and
can be extruded separately

Separating Solids (Body editing)
Used to convert a single solid object into separate
parts
In the example, a box is used to remove the middle
of the part
Once removed, use the SOLIDEDIT command with
the Body Separate option to make each half a
different part.

Shelling (Body editing)
Creates a thin wall inside or outside of a solid model
Positive thickness will produce the thin wall inside
Negative values for thickness will produce the thin wall
outside.
This wall thickness remains constant throughout the

entire model
Faces may be removed during the shelling operation
to create an opening
Shelled part with
bottom surface
removed

Cleaning (Body editing)
When imprinted lines that form faces are not
used, they can be deleted from a model
The Clean option is used to remove the lines
previously used during the imprint process
Further information!
The following book provides more
detailed examples and comprehensive
tutorials
that
demonstrate
the
application of solid modeling & editing
commands / functions.

(WEEK - 11)
This weeks GLAs will help you create 2D multi-view

drawings from 3D solid models.
For more details, refer to chapter # 22 of the
recommended text book.
This is the time to give finishing touches to your project
drawings. The SECOND HALF of the lab session has
been reserved for this purpose.
THE LAB.
NOTE:
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the 2D Multi-view tutorial.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create a 3D model of the object shown in the following Figure. Then create its multiview drawing using SOLVIEW and SOLDRAW commands. The drawing should
include:
-
a FRONT view from A

a SIDE view
a TOP view.
You may like to use the primitives, as shown in Figure 2, to construct the
3D solid model.
FIGURE 1:
CLAMP (CAST IRON)
FIGURE 2:
SUGGESTED PRIMITIVES FOR CONSTRUCTING A SOLID MODEL OF THE CLAMP
PREPARATION FOR CREATING 2D VIEWS

STEP 1:
CHANGING TO WIREFRAME MODEL
Check the following settings.
STEP 2:
LOADING THE HIDDEN LINE
Make sure that the hidden line type is loaded, as shown in the
following image. It is not necessary to assign this line type to any of
the layers.
STEP 3:
REMOVING VIEWPORTS
Remove all viewports from paper space before start using

SOLVIEW command.
STEP 4:
-
RE-ORIENTING THE UCS

Type NEW and press ENTER
Click point A
Click end point B
Click end point C
(3 for 3point option)
Now, it is ready for creating 2D multi-views, including a FRONT view

from A.
STEP 5:
CREATING ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
Use SOLVIEW and SOLDRAW commands to create the 2D multiviews.
FURTHER INFORMATION:
Refer to the recommended textbook.
The line types need be modified according to the applicable drawing
standards.
TUTORIAL
Creating 2D Multi-views from 3D Models
SOURCE:
Thomson Learning
STEP 1
Download and open the file SOLVIEW_SOLDRAW.dwg.
STEP 2
Follow the below command sequence to draw the FRONT view of the 3D
object.
NOTE:
Activating SOLVIEW command automatically switches the display to
the layout (also known as paper space) environment.
Select a smaller scale if your views dont fit on the sheet.
STEP 3
Create top and right-side views by using the SOLVIEW command as
explained below.
STEP 4
Now activate the SOLDRAW command to get the finished 2D views. The
command sequence is appended below:
Repeat the above step for finishing the TOP and SIDE views.

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GUIDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES (GLAs)

Try exploring the following AutoCAD commands/functions:

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AutoCAD 2015 Login:

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Figure 1: AutoCAD 2D Drafting & Annotation display screen

Figure 2: Accessing workspaces

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Figure 3: Status bar

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AutoCAD drawing templates:

This template is for drawings in imperial

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How to open acadiso.dwt

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How to open acad.dwt

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Alternatively, a new file can also be

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If required, you can change the limits, as

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Method 1: Direct distance mode. In this method, a line is drawn in

the direction of the cursor. Check the STATUS BAR. Turn

Type L (or Line) and press ENTER

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Method 2: Absolute coordinate mode

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Method 3: Relative coordinate mode

Method 4: Relative polar coordinate mode

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See next page

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ABSOLUTE COORDINATE METHOD

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RELATIVE COORDINATE METHOD

(If DYN input is ON, @ symbol is not required)

RELATIVE POLAR COORDINATE METHOD

(If DYN input is ON, @ symbol is not required)

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Click on the centre of the circle

Base Point: <offset>:

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Type L and press ENTER.

A quick and easy way to view/change the Object Snap Settings

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Suggested procedure for creating the Hexagon:

POLYGON Enter number of sides <4>: 6 (for hexagon)

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Create the required layers.

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Close the layer properties Manager.

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Loading Line Types

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