APPLICATION
SOLAR PV
SOLAR
THERMAL
WIND
ENERGY
HYDRO
ENERGY
BIOENERGY
REMARKS
ELECTRICAL USE
Home Electrification
Home electrification can be achieved with a variety of renewable energy technologies. It is important that appropriate energy storage is installed if continuous electricity supply is desired. Link
Even though electricity for powering pumps can be generated with a variety of
technologies, solar PV systems are especially suitable due to their simple design and
their flexibility in terms of location. Link 1 / Link 2
Irrigation
Communication
Environmental monitoring
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is an energy intensive process. To ensure efficient use of energy sources, the cooling environment should be well insulated. The cost of electrical energy
supply will the overall feasibility of the system. Link 2 / Link 3
Electric Fencing
Especially for telecommunication purposes, standalone renewable energy technologies have big advantages compared to grid connections. Surplus electricity can be
used to supply nearby communities.
Especially for areas where life-stock is located far away from the electricity grid or
farm, a combination of a solar PV panel and a battery can provide a low maintenance
solution. Link
MECHANICAL USE
Milling
Milling is an important processing step to produce flour out of cereals; For local food
autonomy and security small units are required. These small units can easily be set
up by connecting a mill directly to a wind or hydro turbine. Set-ups where a mill and a
generator can be used interchangeably are particularly useful. A saw mill is another
option utilizing mechanical power. Link
Table 1 Overview of Renewable Energy Technologies for Agricultural Value Chains
APPLICATION
SOLAR PV
SOLAR
THERMAL
WIND
ENERGY
HYDRO
ENERGY
BIOENERGY
REMARKS
MECHANICAL USE
Irrigation
Where available, wind or water can drive pumps through mechanical force to lift water. The main advantage of using mechanical force for pumping water is the reduction of energy losses that occur during transmission. Link
Grinding
Especially small-scale hydro power plants are suitable to drive a grinder. Grinding of
seeds to produce oil is a common application. Link
ELECTRICAL USE
Cooling
Drying
Cooking
Solar thermal or heat from biomass can be used for absorption type refrigeration
machines. Link 1 / Link 2
Drying agricultural produce such as vegetables, fruits and meat with thermal energy
enables longer storage times and easier transportation. For fruit and vegetable
drying solar thermal dryers are a well suited low-cost application. Where high temperatures and a reliable heat supply is required (e.g. drying for milk powder production)
bioenergy technologies are more suitable. Link 1 / Link 2
A clean solution for cooking is the use of biogas produced by an anaerobic digester.
Stoves and ovens for biogas application are similar to conventional appliances that
run on commercial fuels such as butane and propane. Solar power cookers are available as well but are limited to use during high solar radiation. Link 1 / Link 2
Renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic and thermal, wind or geothermal energy can be utilized. The dominant renewable energy source for water desalination is solar photovoltaic (PV), followed by solar thermal and wind energy. Link
Biogas used for lighting is also feasible; however, biogas lamps are not very energy-efficient. Link
Biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel can be used to replace conventional fossil fuels in
engines and motors Link 1 / Link 2
INSTITUTION/FUND
COUNTRY/REGION
ADB
Asian Development Bank
48 countries within
Asia and the
Pacific and
19 from outside
OFFER / SERVICES
AFDB
African Development
Bank
Africa
AgFunder
Global
ARE
Alliance for Rural Electrification
Developing and
emerging markets
bettervest
Global
BMZ
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Germany
LINK
Loans
technical assistance
grants
http://www.adb.org/
http://www.afdb.org/en/
http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/
initiatives-partnerships/
http://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/
initiatives-partnerships/power-africa-initiative/
Investment marketplace
connecting investors with
global companies, both large
and small, throughout the agriculture value chain
https://agfunder.com/about-us
http://www.ruralelec.org/
Crowdfunding
https://www.bettervest.com/home
(in German)
https://www.bmz.de/en/index.html
Global
https://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/issues/
wirtschaft/privatwirtschaft/dokumente_links/
index.html
Table 2 Institutions and Funds for Projects for the Energy-Agriculture Nexus
TECHNOLOGIES & FUNDING
INSTITUTION/FUND
BOAD
West African Development Bank
COUNTRY/REGION
West African
Economic and
Monetary Union
(WAEMU)
OFFER / SERVICES
LINK
http://www.boad.org/en
http://www.boad.org/en/specialized-finance-institutions-and-funds
DBSA
Development Bank of
Southern Africa
DEG
Subsidiary of KfW
EBRD
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
72 developing and
middle income
countries
Southern African
Development
Community (SADC)
Developing
countries and
emerging markets
in Africa, Asia,
Europe, Latin
America
Southern and
Eastern Mediterranean, to
Central and
Eastern Europe,
to Central Asia
(CTF)
Project finance
Loans, equity and guarantees
http://www-cif.climateinvestmentfunds.org/
http://www.dbsa.org/en
https://www.deginvest.de/International-financing/deg/die-deg/
https://www.deginvest.de/International-fi-
nancing/deg/Unser-Angebot/Frderprogramme/Klimapartnerschaften/
http://www.ebrd.com/home
http://www.ebrd.com/work-with-us/project-finance.html
Table 2 Institutions and Funds for Projects for the Energy-Agriculture Nexus
TECHNOLOGIES & FUNDING
INSTITUTION/FUND
COUNTRY/REGION
Eco.business fund
Latin America
FMO
Dutch development bank
GEEREF
Global Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy
Fund
GEF
Global Environmental
Facility
183 countries,
international
institutions, civil
society
organizations, and
private sector
Southeast Europe+Turkey+
European Eastern
Neighbourhood
region
OFFER / SERVICES
http://www.ecobusiness.fund/
Project financing
Regular loans, mezzanine and
equity
https://www.fmo.nl
http://geeref.com/
Food security, climate change,
land degradation
Energy efficiency and renewable
energy
LINK
https://www.thegef.org/gef/
https://sgp.undp.org/
http://www.ggf.lu/
Table 2 Institutions and Funds for Projects for the Energy-Agriculture Nexus
INSTITUTION/FUND
COUNTRY/REGION
OFFER / SERVICES
IFC
International Finance
Corporation
World Bank Group
IRENA
International Renewable
Energy Agency
KFW
Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau
Developing
countries that are
member of
IFC
Global
Global
OeEB
Austrian development
bank
Developing
countries and
emerging markets
LINK
http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/corp_
ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/
solutions/how-to-apply-for-financing
https://navigator.irena.org/Pages/popupFN.
aspx
https://www.kfw.de/inlandsfoerderung/Unternehmen/index-3.html
https://www.kfw.de/inlandsfoerderung/Unternehmen/Energie-Umwelt/index-2.html
http://www.oe-eb.at/en/Pages/default.aspx
http://www.oe-eb.at/en/services/investment-financing/pages/default.aspx
Table 2 Institutions and Funds for Projects for the Energy-Agriculture Nexus
INSTITUTION/FUND
OFID
OPEC Fund for
International Development
COUNTRY/REGION
OFFER / SERVICES
Global
RECP
Africa-EU Renewable
Energy Cooperation
Programme
REEEP
Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency
Partnership
Africa
Developing
countries
Activities to implement
the Climate Change Convention
LINK
Financing portal
http://www.ofid.org/
http://www.africa-eu-renewables.org/services/
funding-database/
http://www.reeep.org/powering_agrifood
10
AF-Adaptation Fund
AECF Fund
Power Africa
for
AUTHORS
Ramchandra Bhandari
David Arndt
Gnther Straub
CASE STUDY
11