ENVIR

SC
1C03
ENVIR SC
Climate,
Water,
and
Climate, Water, and Environment
Environment

1C03

Lecture 11 Hydrologic Cycle and Water

Balance

Outline
1. The Water Balance
2. Sample Budgets
3. Precipitation in North America
4. Droughts

Key Concepts
Water Balance and its term; relation to the
Hydrologic cycle
How to interpret Water Balance Graphs
Patterns of Precipitation in North America
Droughts: the Palmer Drought index, and the
use of Water Balances in water management

Earth's Water and the Hydrologic Cycle

1. The Water Balance

Water Table Formation

The Water Balance Equation

TOTAL

97

99

97

84

104

97

132

112

66

66

66

99

1119

PE

24

57

97

132

150

133

99

55

12

781

P-PE

90

91

73

27

-35

-18

-21

-33

11

54

92

ST

100

100

100

100

100

67

51

34

20

74

100

ST

-33

-16

-17

-25

11

54

26

AE

24

57

97

130

148

129

91

55

12

16

90

91

73

27

66

354

Soil Storage and PE

ACCWL:

2. Sample Budgets: Kingsport, Tennessee

J

TOTAL

97

99

97

84

104

97

132

112

66

66

66

99

1119

PE

24

57

97

132

150

133

99

55

12

781

P-PE

90

91

73

27

-35

-18

-21

-33

11

54

92

ST

100

100

100

100

100

67

51

34

20

74

100

ST

-33

-16

-17

-25

11

54

26

AE

24

57

97

130

148

129

91

55

12

16

90

91

73

27

66

354

Kingsport, Tennessee

Kingsport, Tennessee
In this diagram:
P = PRECIP
PE = POTET
AE = ACTET
Jan. To May: P PE
June to Sept.: P PE
AE = P + [ST]
Oct. To mid-Dec.:

Ottawa,
Ontario

Ottawa, Ontario

Jan. To Apr.?
-10.5 to 6.0 degrees

May to Aug.?
13.6 to 19.7 degrees

Sept. To Dec.?
14.7 -6.6 degrees

Phoenix,
Arizona

Phoenix, Arizona

January?
net supply

February to
November?
net demand/deficit

December?
net supply

Phoenix, Arizona
January?

February to
November?
December?

San Juan,
Porto Rico

San Juan, Porto Rico

January?
February to July?
August to
December?
August to midNovember?

San Juan, Porto Rico

January?
net supply

February to July?
net demand

August to December?
net supply

August to midNovember?
recharge

3. Precipitation in North America

4. Droughts

Text

Palmer Drought Index

Loss = (PE-P-Lsurface storage)
(STavailable at soil surface /SM available in the soil column)

Berkeley, California

Berkeley, California
January to March:
net supply

April to October:
demand

November to
December:
recharge and net supply

The Drought in California

Agriculture in California

Conclusion
The Water Balance represents the:
The terms of the Water Balance Equation
describe:
The Water Balance Equation can be used to
better manage water resources:

TO DO!!!
1. Listen to Modules 13 and 14
2. Read Ross - Chapters 11, 12; de Blij Chapter 11
in the textbook
3. Quiz 2 on A2L: ends on Friday October 21 @
10:00 p.m.
4. Labs next week: listen to Lab 4 online module +
read custom courseware