6/3/2016

ACTONBOXBOROUGH
REGIONALSCHOOLDISTRICT
ABWellnessAdvisoryCommittee
SchoolStartTimes
PresentationtoSchoolCommittee6/9/16

Introduction
Goals
Subcommitees
1:Medical&ScientificLiterature
2:SurroundingSchoolCommunities
3:ABCommunityStakeholders

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CommitteeMembers
Group 1:

Group 2:

Group 3:

Karen Argento
Kathy Daniel
Robert Guilmette
Kirsty Kerin
Maurin OGrady
Deb Rimpas
Jessica Rubinstein
Gail Welch

Hilary Bonnell
Ann Doble
Eileen Flannery
Amy Krishnamurthy
Diana McNicholas
Parindar Miller
Deanne OSullivan
Jennifer Smith

Laura Ducharme
Pam Fleming
David James
Cindy McCarthy
Kirsten Nelson
Lynne Newman
Diane Spring

1:MedicalLiteratureReview
Howmuchsleepdoourstudentsneed?
Howmuchsleeparetheygetting?

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Goal&Approach
Reviewthemedicalandscientificliteratureto:
Determinethecausesofsleepdeprivation
Listtheadverseimpactonhealth&wellbeing

SearchedfordatafromourownABstudent
population:
YouthRiskBehaviorSurvey
QuestionsinHealthOfficevisits
WellnessCommitteeSurvey

Sleep

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Thetimingofsleep

Timingofthebiologicalclock

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AdultSleepTiming

7am

3pm

9pm

7am

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TeenSleepTiming

11pm 1am

7am

3pm

9pm

7am

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Teensneed8.5 9.5hoursofsleep

CDC(CentersforDiseaseControl&Prevention)
DepartmentofEducation(InstituteofEducationSciences)
AmericanAcademySleepMedicine
NationalSleepFoundation
AmericanAcademyofPediatrics
NationalAssociationofSchoolNurses
SocietyofPediatricNurses
NationalAssociationofPediatricNursePractitioners

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BehavioralvsPhysiological?
Bedtimecanbedelayedbysomebehaviors
Educatethestudents
Parentaloversight

Sleeponsetisphysiologicallydriven
Studentsdonotstayuplaterwhenschool
starttimesaredelayed1,2,3,4,5
1. Wahlstrom K. Changing times: findings from the first longitudinal study of later high school start times. NASSP Bull. 2002;286(633):321
2. Wahlstrom K. Accommodating the sleep patterns of adolescents within current educational structures: an uncharted path. In: Carskadon M, ed. Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological,
Social, and psychological Influences. New York, NY, and Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2002:72197
3. Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4(6):533535
4. Owens JA, Belon K, Moss P. Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(7):608614
5. Wahlstrom K, Dretzke B, Gordon M, Peterson K, Edwards K, Gdula J. Examining the Impact of Later School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of High School
Students: A Multi-Site Study. Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement. St Paul, MN: University of Minnesota; 2014

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Teensdonotget9hoursofsleep
NationalSleepFoundation:

59%ofgrades6though8lessthan9hours
87%ofhighschoolstudentslessthan9hours
Averagesleepforhighschoolseniorswaslessthan7hours
71%ofparentsthoughttheirchildhadenoughsleep

USDept.Health&HumanServices:
69.3%highschoolstudentsreportlessthan8hourssleep
Sufficientsleepreportedby
39.9%of9thgraders
28.5%of11thgraders
23.3%of12thgraders
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives/nationalsnapshot/sufficientsleepadolescents2013
YouthRiskBehaviorSurveillanceSystem(YRBSS)

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LocalData
2002 2012
EmersonHospital
YouthRiskSurveyData
Aggregatetowns:
ActonBoxborough
Concord&ConcordCarl.
GrotonDunstable
Harvard
Littleton
Maynard
Nashoba Regional
Westford
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PercentofABstudentsreporting
sleepanaverageof7orfewerhoursofsleep

EHYRS:ABdata2014
80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
6

9
Year2012

10

11

12

9to12

Year2014

16

ABstudents2016:HealthOfficeSurvey
2%
5%

4 hours or less
5%
4.5-5.5 hours

18%

18%

6-6.5 hours
7-7.5 hours

27%

25%

8-8.5 hours
9 hours

N=56

10 hours

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Whattimedoyoufallasleepona
schoolnight?
Average sleep onset ~ 11:15pm
No significant difference with grade

Numberofhourssleeponaschool
night?

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AdverseEffects
Summary
Health
Safety
Performance

Overviews
CDC
AmericanAcademyPediatrics
Natl.Assoc.SchoolNurses&
SocietyofPed.Nurses

Adverseeffects:Health
Increased anxiety
Increased depression & suicidal ideation
Increased vulnerability to stress
Emotional dysregulation; decreased positive affect
Impaired interpretation of social/emotional cues in self and others
Decreased motivation
Increased obesity risk
Increased Metabolic dysfunction (hypercholesterolemia, type 2
diabetes mellitus)
Increased cardiovascular morbidity (hypertension, increased risk of
stroke)
Lower levels of physical activity

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Adverseeffects:Safety
Increased rates of motor vehicle crashes (drowsy driving)
Poor impulse control and self-regulation
Increased risk-taking behaviors
Increased rates of caffeine consumption including toxicity/overdose
Increased nonmedical use of stimulant medications

Adverseeffects:Performance
Lower academic achievement
Cognitive deficits, especially with more complex tasks
Impairments in executive function:
working memory
organization
time management
sustained effort
Impairments in attention and memory
Deficits in abstract thinking
Decreased verbal creativity
Decreased performance efficiency and output
Poor school attendance & increased tardiness
Increased dropout rates

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Howoftendoyoudozeoffinclass?
39%ofABHigh
Schoolstudents
fallasleepinclass
1ormoretimesa
week
OneintenABHigh
Schoolstudents
fallsasleepinclass
everyday

Howoftenareyoutired/sleepyatschool?
OnethirdofAB
HighSchool
studentsaretired
everyday
Threequartersare
tiredonmostdays

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Subcommittee1Summary
Timingofteenagesleepisphasedelayed
ABhighschoolsleepdataissimilartonationalhigh
schoolsleepdatainthemedicalliterature
AverageABsleeponset=11:15pm
85%ABstudentsget7hoursorlesssleeponaschoolnight

Lackofsleepcausesnegativehealth,safety,and
performance
Delayingtheschoolstarttimedoesnotresultinlater
bedtimesinteens

2:OtherSchoolSystems?
Identifycomparableschoolsystems
Investigatetheirstarttimes

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Goal&Approach
GOAL:Reviewandsummarizethecurrenteducation
landscapeasitrelatestoschoolstarttimes
APPROACH:Collectednationalandlocalstarttime&
schooldaydesign(literaturereview,mediasearch,and
interviews)
Andover
Arlington
Bedford
Belmont
BostonLatin

Chelmsford
Concord
Dedham
Duxbury
Milton
Natick

Needham
Newton
South
Reading
Sharon
Harvard

Hingham
Holliston
LincolnSudbury
Marblehead
Wayland
Wellesley

Westford
Weston
Westwood
Wilmington
Winchester

NationalStartTimes
CDCrespondedtotheAm.Acad.Pediatricsrecommendations
for8:30amorlaterstarttime
CDCanalyzeddatafromUSDept Education:SASS(Schoolsand
StaffingSurvey)
Mostrecentdataavailable:20112012
Datacovers:
39,700publicmiddle,high,andcombinedschools
26.3millionstudents
Averagestarttimewas8:03am
Widegeographicvariationinstarttimes
4
Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 2015; 64(30); 809-813

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MAMiddle&HighSchoolStartTimes
(USDept.Ed:700schools,527,000students)
Acton Boxborough RSD
11.5%

8.0%

Before 7:30am
7:30 - 7:59am
8:00 - 8:29am

27.2%

8:30am or later
53.3%

5
Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 2015; 64(30); 809-813

CDCConclusions

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LocalHighSchoolStartTimes
Andover
Arlington
Bedford
Belmont
Boston-Latin
Chelmsford
Concord
Dedham
Duxbury
Harvard
Hingham
Holliston
Marblehead

Average start time

7:41am

Milton
Needham
Newton South
Reading
Lincoln-Sudbury
Wayland
Wellesley
Westford
Weston
Westwood
Wilmington
Winchester
Natick
Sharon

ABRSD

LocalSchoolDistricts
Later start times best support the
social emotional needs of our high
school students
Collectively wanted to express clear
support
Commit to a deadline and to the
necessary consensus building
required
Doing what is right for adolescents
will mean changing adult schedules
and behaviors
Goals are high school start times
between 8:00am and 8:30am by the
start of the 2018-2019 school year

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MASchoolDistricts

JUNE 20 2016:
Define the necessary changes
to make a later high school start
time happen

MARCH 9 2016:
Ashland pushes back
start time for grades
7-12 for 2017-2018
school year
(High school 8:30am)

APRIL 8 2016: School Start

Time Flip Announced Elementary will start 8:00am,
High School at 8:55am

APRIL 9 2016: School Start Time Advisory Committee named

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SchoolDistrictExamples
Strongleadership
Educatethecommunity
Consensusbuilding
Administration
Staff
Parents
Students

Transportation
Athletics&recreation
Onesizedoesnotfitall
Prioritizingsleephealth
Allowingadequatetime
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Subcommittee2Summary
ABRSDstartsintheearliest8%ofpublicschoolsinMA
ABRSDhasthesecondearlieststarttimeoutofthe27schools
studied(localanddualcountyleague)
Manyotherschooldistrictsareintheprocessofdelayingthe
schoolstarttimeforstudents
Planning
Implementing
Alreadydelayedstarttimes

Mostofthesedistrictsarefocusingongrades9 12
Strategiesandsuccessesfromotherdistrictsarepublished

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3:Opportunities&Obstacles
forourSchoolDistrict
IdentifyABRSDstakeholders
Interviews&Surveys

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Goal&Approach
GOAL:Identifyopportunitiesandchallengesforthe
schoolcommunityifschoolstarttimesaremodified
APPROACH:Identifystakeholdersandcollect
responsesthroughsurveysandinterviews

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Stakeholders
Communitymembers:
Administration
Educators
Parents
Students
Agebreakdown:
Elementary
JuniorHighSchool/HighSchool

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AdministrationInterviews
Staffing
Teacherscontractpermitschangein
starttimes
Ifachangeweretooccur,starting
discussionswithUnionrepsearly
wouldbebeneficial

ExtraCurricularActivities:
Clubsthatcurrentlymeetbeforeschoolwill
notmeetasearly.
CoachesandClubAdvisorslimitedinwhat
theycancommittoafterschoolduetolater
dismissal

Transportation
Identifytransportationparametersand
buildbusschedulearoundthem
~75%ofelementarystudentstakethe
bus.Numbersdeclineasthestudentsget
older
Beforeregionalization,optionsfor3tier
bussystemwereassessed

Athletics
Studentscouldtakeadvantageof
earlierpractices
Canutilizeexistingbusestotransport
studentsforgamesversusrenting
buses
Limitedavailabilityonthefields
everyonecompetesforpracticetime
Notallfieldshavelights mayforce
morehomegamesonalreadytight
availability

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Interviews:High&Jr.HighPrincipals
Advantages

Laterstarttimealignswith
adolescentsleeppatterns

Moresleepisdevelopmentally
appropriateforolderstudents

Disadvantages

Athletic/activitiesschedule

Earlydismissalforathletics/activities
impactsthelastperiod(midyearexam
schedule,required#ofschool
hours/year)

Teachers'personalschedules

Cost thesystemwouldneedtobe2
tieredversus3tiered?

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Interviews:ElementaryPrincipals
Advantages

Disadvantages

Studentsareearlyrisers

Studentsmorereceptive/readyto
learninthemorning.(onlatestart
yearstheteachersrequestspecials
inthepm)

Greateropportunitiestoschedule
professionaldevelopment
opportunitiesearlierinthe
afternoon

Possibledaycareissues ifparents
relyonoldersiblingstosupervise
youngersiblings
Earlystarttimemightbetooearly
forsomestudents
Studentswouldbeboardingthebus
inthedarkinwinter

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Before/AfterSchool
ElementarySchoolbasedcare

7amto6pmhoursofcare

Latestart=Lesstardiness

Earlierstarttimecouldoffermore
creativeprogramoptions

CommunityEdbasedcare

Programsaremodifiedeachyearas
timechanges

Couldaddenrichmentactivitiesif
afterschoolprogramshadmoretime

Parentsadjusttheirworkbasedon
schedulechangesandwould

prefersamestarteveryyear
Whenthereisanearlystartthere
aremorechildrenattending
extendeddayintheafternoon

ComplicatesuseoftheHS/JHforafter
schoolprograms
ComplicatesemploymentofHSaides
forvariousactivities
FieldAccessisclosedafter6:00
contractual
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Surveys

OverviewofSurveys

Administrator, Faculty and Staff Surveys

Elementary (140 responses)

Jr High & High (190 responses)

Parent Surveys

Elementary (599 responses)

Jr High & High (662 responses)

Student Survey

High School (495 responses)

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Would the students at the Junior High & High

School benefit from a later start time?

ElementaryStaff

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Jr.High&HighSchoolStaff

Staff Jr.High&High

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Parents Jr.High&High

What time should the Jr. High &

High School day start?

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Staff Jr.High&High

10

Parents Jr.High&High

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Parents Jr.High&High

Students Jr.High&High
If the length of the school day stayed
the same as it is now, which of the
following schedules would you prefer?

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25%ofstudentsfilledoutthesurvey
betweenmidnightand4:53am
Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

69

Wednesday

26

Thursday

10

Friday

11

Saturday

0
117
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How would a later start time at the Jr High

& High School impact AB families?

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Parents Jr.High&High

16

ElementaryParents

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Parents Jr.High&High

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ElementaryParents

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What time should the Elementary School day

start?

20

ElementaryStaff

20

10

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ElementaryParents

21

22

ElementaryParents

22

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ElementaryParents

23

24

ElementaryParents

24

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SUMMARY

Timingofteenagesleepisnaturallyphasedelayed
Lackofsleepisharmfultoteenagehealth,safety,andacademicperformance
Delayingtheschoolstarttimedoesnotresultinlaterbedtimesinteens
Schooldistrictsaroundthecountry,includingourlocalcohorts,areundergoing
thesameprocessofreview
FacultyandParentsoverwhelminglyrequestedan8:40amstarttimeforall
schools(HighSchool,RJGreyJrHigh,andelementary)
Childcaredifficultieswereidentifiedby7%ofelementaryfamilieswho
respondedtothesurvey
Theimpactonafterschoolactivitiesisstillunclearandwarrantsfurther
discussion
Adjustingtheschoolstarttimetocompensateforteenphysiologywouldbe
beneficialtoourstudents

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Recommendations
Solidifyourcommitmenttostudentsmentalhealth
andwellbeingaspartofourdistrictgoals
Moveforwardwithatimelineforactionablesteps
andrecommendationstotheSchoolCommittee
fromtheSuperintendent

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ACTONBOXBOROUGH
REGIONALSCHOOLDISTRICT

THANKYOU

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