Disease
Parasite
Mean of
Human
Infection
Location of
Parasite in
Human
Clinical features
Laboratory Diagnosis
African
trypanosomiasis
(sleeping sickness)
Trypanosoma
Bite of infected
brucei gambiense, tsetse fly (Glussina)
T. b. rhudesiense
(flagellates)
Blood, lymphatic,
CNS (extracellular)
Winterbottoms sign,
fever, headache,
sleeping sickness
Increased IgM
America
trypanosomiasis
(Chagas disease)
Trypanosoma
cruzi (flagellates)
Feces of infected
reduviid bug
(Traitor and others)
entering bite
Blood, (extracellular);
reticuloendothelial
system, heart, brain,
(intracellular)
Cutaneous
leishmaniasis
Leishmania
tropica and others
(flagellates)
Bite of infected
sandfly
(Phlebotomus)
Skin (intracellular)
Visceral
leishmaniasis
Leishmania
donovani
complex
(flagellates)
Bite of infected
sandfly
(Phlebotomus)
hepatosplenomegaly,
anemia, fever, weigh loss
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma
gondii (sporozoa)
Ingestion of infected
meat or ocytes in
cat feces (congenital
infection)
Cells of
reticuloendothelial
system, lungs, eye,
brain (intracellular)
Tariq aziz
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