SLEEP

Health Science - Ms. Sarina

Presented by Class 1008

Misconceptions
about sleep
Misconception is a conclusion that wrong because it
based on faulty thinking or facts that are wrong.

Kaimod & Cherry

Misconception 1
Sleep is time for the body in general and the brain specifically to shut down for
rest.

- Rem sleep
- Including delta waves
- Body shuts down

Misconception 2
Getting just one hour less sleep per night than needed will not have any effect
on daytime functioning.

- Lack sleep
- Effect on daytime
- Lead to problem sleep

Misconception 3
The body adjusts quickly to different sleep schedules.

- If you try to change your sleep cycle, you feel sleepy

on your natural nighttime. Calls Jet lag
- The biological clock can be reset, but only by
appropriately timed. So 1-2 hours a day at best.
- Can reduce sleepiness by sleeping in dark or quiet
room on right time

Misconception 4
People need less sleep as they grow older.

- Older people dont need less sleep than younger

people
- But they are easily disturbed by surrounding
- Have sleep problems
- Restful stage decreases with age

Misconception 5
A good nights sleep can cure problems with excessive daytime sleepiness.

- Excessive sleepiness during daytime cant solve

by only having extra sleep
- It may caused by sleep disorder or medical
condition like insomnia and narcolepsy
- May require behavioral, pharmacological, or
surgical

3.4. sleep patterns

Sleep hour for each generation.

-Sleep patterns change during humans life.
-Age is the most affects sleep more than other natural factor.
-An average of newborn sleep time is about 16 to 18 hours per day. A
child is about 10 to 12 hours and adulthood is about 7 to 8 hours .
-Teenagers on average, require about 9 or more of sleep hour per night
to be alert when awake.
-rem sleep is 20 to 25 percent of total sleep time.

-sleep cycle last only 50 to 60 minutes

per day.
-A reduction in the inmost stages of
NREM.

Now and Ice

3.7 Dream

Run & Oil p : 1/5

Dreams are ???

Run & Oil p : 2/5

- Dreams are thing that come from your mind.

- They show your emotion,and your image.

Run & Oil p : 3/5

- Generally, people can

remember their dreams if
they sleep during the REM,
but people who have deep
sleep, they can not
remember what they dream
about.

The REM

Run & Oil p : 4/5

-REM and dream are connected

together.
When the REM sleep is turning on
and off by the pons, two areas in the
cerebral hemispheres are occur
dreaming.

Type of dreams.
-

Seeing
Listening
Touching
Pain
Tasting
Smelling

Run & Oil p : 5/5

- Almost of dreams
have use time at
least 2-3 seconds to
40 minutes per each.

source : http://www.stou.ac.th/study/sumrit/11-53(500)/page7-11-53(500).html
http://longevity.about.com/od/sleep/a/dreams_REM.htm

3.8 - Functions of Sleep

Sleep is essential for survival
Rat sleep study:
-Well-slept: two to three years
-REM sleep-deprived: five months
-Deprived of all sleep: three weeks
Sleep deprivation causes paranoia
and hallucinations
Scientists still dont fully understand
the functions of sleep
Pim (1/3)

3.8 - Restoration & Recovery

of Body Systems
During wakefulness, the body uses energy and is exhausted
by the end of the day
The body and mind needs to rest and rejuvenate
During sleep, the brain is still aware and heals and repairs
the resting body
Sleep is time for the body
to relax and energize
itself for the next day
Pim (2/3)

3.8 - Energy Conservation

Metabolism, or the breaking down of food, is slowed down
during sleep
Therefore, energy is conserved during sleep
The more sleep you get, the more metabolism happens
during wakefulness
More sleep = more energy
As humans age, sleep time and
metabolism decrease
Pim (3/3)

Memory Consolidation
Sleep helps peoples memories and clears
unneeded thoughts
Sleep helps clear unnecessary
information and keeps the important
information
Peoples memories function full night
sleep is better in daytime.

Protection From Predation

Controversial hypothesis as one is
less aware while asleep
Sleep also hides from predators

Brain Development
REM Sleep is prolonged
during infancy
Supports theory that
sleep helps develop
brain

Discharge of Emotions
We can openly express our emotions
during sleep
Muscle paralysis during REM Sleep (when
we dream) hides our emotions from others
Its control decision making, social
actions, and emotions are reduced

Accord to study of EEG while sleeping. The basal forebrain,

including the hypothalamus, is an important region for controlling
NREM. and the hypothalamus also control how long we should be
sleep or awake.

Hypothalamus

How we has been awake?

the brainstem and hypothalamus promote wakefulness by sending arousal signals to
the cerebral cortex, the brains largest region. These signals come in the form of chemicals
called neurotransmitters.
When neurons in the arousal areas are active, the cortex remains activated and we stay
awake.

How we has been sleep?

Some part of the hypothalamus is responsible for shutting down the brains arousal
signals and causing the transition to sleep.

Pons

The brainstem region ( pons ) is the first part for starting REM
sleep.the pons sends signals to the thalamus and to the cerebral
cortex. The pons also sends signals to the spinal cord, causing
the temporary paralysis that is characteristic of REM sleep.

Homeostasis and Sleep

Homeostasis of sleep is how your body wanted
to sleep more and more throughout the day.

homeostasis
the chart shows when your body needs
sleeping

homeostasis
When we have been awake for a long period of time, sleep/wake
homeostasis tells us that a need for sleep is accumulating and that it is time to
sleep. It also helps us maintain enough sleep throughout the night to make up
for the hours of being awake. If this restorative process existed alone, it would
mean that we would be most alert as our day was starting out, and that the
longer we were awake, the more we would feel like sleeping. In this way,
sleep/wake homeostasis creates a drive that balances sleep and wakefulness.

3.9
Evolution
of Sleep
Minty & Joy

Evolution of Sleep: Sleep

sleep

is an universal activity among the group of:

1. Mammals
2. Birds
3. Reptiles

Categories of the sleeping Evolution:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sleeping Patterns
Sleeping postures
Sleeping habit
Sleeping Places

Minty & Joy

Evolution of Sleep: Sleeping Patterns

MAMMALS
stage of sleeping : both the
NREM & the REM
The division of the range of
the time spent on sleeping
cycle depend on the animals
Human - rem sleep stage
RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM)

also known as active sleep / dreaming

sleep
have dream, awareness of environment,
and paralyzed skeletal muscle

BIRDS

REPTILES

stage of sleeping: both the NREM & THE failed to proved rem
REM, but each of the sleeping stages is
on REPTILES, AND LED
short
TO A THEORY ONLY THE
NREM - 2 and MINUTES
WARM-BLOODED
REM - 9 SECONDS and do not lose
ANIMALS DEVELOP THE
muscle tone
REM sleep stage.
sleeping as it stand/perching
NON-RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (NREM)

divided into 4 different stages

no dreaming or thought
have little awareness of the environment

Minty & Joy

Evolution of Sleep: Sleeping Habits

Human : sleep at night
Rat and bear: sleep at afternoon
This example showed that the smaller-size mammals tended to sleep more than
the large one.
Sleep habits can be developed as unihemispheric sleep
in which one side of the brain sleeps while the other side is awake.
for example, the dolphin, who sleep while the swim to surface for their breathing and for
to beware of their predators. This example showed that the animals evolved and develop
for their survival (beware of predators)

Minty & Joy

Evolution of Sleep: Sleeping Postures

SLEEPING CURLED UP - dog, cat, other animals
STANDING - HORSES AND BIRDS
SWIMMING - AQUATIC ANIMAL (DOLPHINS AND FISH), DUCKS
HANGING UPSIDE DOWN - BATS
SIT OR STAND ON A TREE BRANCH - LEOPARDS
LYING DOWN - HUMANS
Minty & Joy

Evolution of Sleep: Sleeping Places

Example of Evolution of the Mammal

Sleeping Places:
rabbits - burrows
lions - open spaces
hippopotami - underwater
gorillas - nests
humans - bed
Minty & Joy

SLEEP
DISORDERS
Phu and Fahsai

INSOMNIA
-

Inability to sleep/ waking up in the middle of the night and not

being able to go back to sleep.
More common in women than men- increases with age

Causes:
-

Short term (transient) insomnia; emotional/ physical discomfort,

stress, environmental noise, extreme temperatures, jet lag, or
medical side effects.
Secondary insomnia; combination of physical/ mental disorders,
undiagnosed or uncontrolled sleep disorders (sleep apnea, RLS,
narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders), effects of medications

Treatments;
-

Behavioral aspects; specific nightmare routines, improving sleep

environment, reducing caffeine/ alcohol intake, reducing
afternoon napping.
Getting pharmacological treatments

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA)

-

Life-threatening disorder- breathing interrupted during sleep

Estimated 12 million Americans have OSA
Occurs in any age (genetic influences; preschool-aged children)

Conditions;
-

Associated with bony/ soft tissue- limits airway dimensions/ worsen presence of fatty
tissues
Repetition of difficulty in breathing, very shallow breaths-> causes temporary drops in
blood O2/ increases CO2 levels- frequent awakening during the night.
Limitations in upper-airway dimensions- loud snoring-> leads to chronic sleep
deprivation/ excessive daytime sleepiness
Additional effects; morning headaches, high blood pressure, heart attacks, heart-rhythm
disorders, stroke, decreased life expectancy.

Treatment;
-

Behavioral therapy- losing weight, changing sleeping positions, avoiding alcohol/

tobacco/ sleeping pills
Mechanical devices- continuous positive airway pressure; force air through nasal
passages/ dental appliances; repositioning the lower jaw and tongue/ surgery to increase
size of airway.

RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS)

-

Neurological movement disorder

10-15% of the population

Conditions;
- Unpleasant leg sensations/ irresistible urge to move legs
- Sensing creeping, crawling, pulling, or tingling in the legs (sometimes
arms)- relieved by moving/ rubbing them
- Gets worse during inactivity/ often interferes with sleep/ while sitting
still
- Worse in the evening and night- less severe in the morning
Treatment;
- Mild cases; exercise, leg massages, eliminating alcohol/ caffeine from
diet
- Pharmacological treatment

NARCOLEPSY

Sleepy all the time

Muscle weakness, nod
Cannot be moved while awake
See hallucinations while asleep

- No way to recover
- Can provide treatment
to relieve symptoms.

PARASOMNIAS

Extreme nightmares
Sleepwalking
Confusional arousals
Bedwetting

- Happens in under 7 years old child

continual develop the brain system
- Disappear when grow up to teenage.