SNMPnetworkdiscoverprocess
AdministratorHandbook
Tableofcontents
TheSNMPnetworkdiscoverprocess
Introductiontosnmpnetworkdiscover
The main function of the snmp discover process is to find every IP network device connected to your network and and to populate the
directoryandnetworkmap.LoriotProisabletofindallhostsreachablewiththeIPprotocol.Thesnmpdiscoverprocesshasapowerfulalgorithm
baseonastepbystepprogression.Fromnetworkdevicetonetworkdevice,fromroutertorouter,fromhosttohost,thesnmpdiscoverprocess
internallybuildsadetailedviewoftheIPlayertopology.
TheNetworkDiscoverProcess,sincetheversion5ofLoriotPro,usesmanymethodsofinvestigationfordiscoveringnetworkconnectedhosts
anddevices.
Hereunderthelistofdiscoveringmethodsavailable.
DiscoveringofthelocalnetworkstowhichLoriotProisconnectedbyusingtheinternalLoriotProhostconfiguration.Thedefaultrouter
islearnedfromthelocalsettings.
DiscoveringoftheremotenetworksbyanalyzingaccessibleSNMPawarerouters(RequireaccesstoMIB2routingtable)
Discovering of the hosts located in the remote networks by accessing the ARP tables (Host Addresses) of the previously discovered
routers.
DiscoveringofthehostslocatedinthelocalandtheremotenetworksbyscanningIPaddressranges(IPExpert).
Discoveringoftheclient/serverapplicationslocatedonthepreviouslydiscoveredhostsbyscanningTCPportrange(IPExpert).
DiscoveringofanyhostresourcesbyusinganalysisstrategiesbasedonLUAscriptprograms.
Asareminderandaccordingtoourterminology,anetworkismadeofaphysicalsegmentwithanIPaddressingschema,theInterNetworkisa
groupofnetworksconnectedtogetherbyIProuters.
DevicesareanyequipmentwithatleastanetworkphysicalinterfaceconnectedtoanetworkandwhichhasatleastoneassociatedIPaddress.
Forthesnmpdiscoverprocess,arouterisadevice,definedasagroupofhosts,oneforeachnetworkinterface.ArouterallowstheroutingofIP
packetbetweentheseinterfaces.Iftheroutingfunctionisactivatedinadevice,theipForwardingobjectfromtheMIBIIshouldhavethevalue1.
Thesnmpdiscoverprocesswillmanagearouterasindividualhosts.AhostsettingcalledRouterIDisusedtogrouphoststogetherand
virtuallybuildarouterobjectwithinLoriotPro.ThisobjectisusedandmanagedbyanotherprocessofLoriotPro.
"RouterID"hostproperty
Thescreenbelowshowsyouarouterbuiltfromagroupoftwohostswiththereference(RouterID)10.33.10.121.
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SNMPnetworkdiscoverprocess
routerconfigurationwindow
Remark:RefertothechapterconcerningtheDirectoryrouterobjectfrommoreinformationaboutroutercreation.
Discoveralgorithm(SNMPrequestbased)
There are few algorithms to use for a complete discover of the network devices. These algorithms use either the SNMP protocol or the ICMP
protocolandsometimestheUDPprotocol.
the snmp discover process uses an investigation method only based on the SNMP MIBII information provided by the devices connected to the
InterNetwork. The process makes request to all devices that recognize the MIBII requests, and collects the IPADDTABLE, IPROUTETABLE and
ARPTABLEhosttables.Fromthat,itbuildstheIPtopology.
Discoverprinciple
thesnmpdiscoverprocesslearnsaboutoutthenetworktopologystepbysteporweshouldrathersayhopbyhop,ahopintelecommunication
terminologybeingarouter.
ItusesthediversityoftherouterSNMPinformationtoimaginethestructureofthenetwork.Theroutercouldbelocatedontheoppositesideof
theworld,itdoesntmatter,ifLoriotprocouldspeakwithitinSNMP,itwilldiscovertheremoteIPinfrastructure.
Thismethodisefficientbecauseitisnotnecessarytorequestalldevicesconnectedtothenetworkinordertoknowthattheyarepresentand
active.Ofcoursearemotehostwillonlybediscoveredifithadalreadyexchangedpacketswithitsdefaultrouter,elseitwouldnotbeseen.The
readingoftherouterARPtablegivesonlyvolatileinformation,thetableisflushevery4hours
AhostconfiguredfornotrespondingtoPingrequestoranyotherIPrequestwillbediscoveranyway.TheARPtablegivesMediumAccessLayer
MACinformationsuchasphysicaladdresses,whichisnotpossiblewithasinglePingtoaremotehost.
RemoteheremeansatleastbehindanIProuter.
However,iftheremotedevicedoesnotleaveanytraceinherouteritwillnotbediscovered.
Example
Letusimaginethenetworkbelow.
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Discoverprincipleworkingexample
SNMPnetworkdiscoverprocess
Inthiscontext,oneoftheCrouterinterfacesisknown,aswellasitsSNMPreadcommunity,thesnmpdiscoverprocesswillfindoutintwostep
thetopologyandthedevicesconnectedtothenetwork.ItwillfindoutiftheB,D,E,FrouterareintheCroutingtableasnexthops.
IftheSNMPcommunityofrouterD,E,Fisknown,hostsS1S2etS3willbediscoveredbyreadingtheARPtableoftheserouter.
thesnmpdiscoverprocessusesakindofvectordistancealgorithmandprocesshopbyhop.Besidethenetworkisdiscoveredinasequential
mannerregardingthedefinedsettingandinthereverseorderofthediscoveredhosts.TheDSNMPprogram,whichisthekerneloftheDirectory,
managesallresourcesofhosttypeinachainedstructurelist.Ascancycleconsistsofcallingthefirsthostofthislist,usingitsconFiguredsetting
andifitsucceeds,todoallscheduleSNMPrequeststoit.Thenexthostinthelististreatedthesamewayandsoon,uptotheendofthelist.
Directoryupdate
Incaseofnewdiscoveredhosts,thesnmpdiscoverprocessaskstotheDSNMPprocesstocreatanewentryinthechainedlistandthussavethe
newhostobjectanditssettings.TheDSNMPprocesssavesitatthebeginningofthelist,whichdoentaffectthecurrentscancycleofthesnmp
discoverprocess.AtthenextDiscovercyclethenewlydiscoveredhostwillbequestionedfirst.
Discoverprocessalgorithm
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Discoverprocessalgorithm
SNMPnetworkdiscoverprocess
Exampleofdiscover
Letusimagineacomplexnetworkasbelow:
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"OnlyNexthops"discover
1. Firstdiscovercycle:thesnmpdiscoverprocesscollectsSNMPinformationfromtheArouter.Itdetectstwootherrouter,BandC.It
findsallhoststhathavealreadyusedtheArouterbyreadingtheARPtableofrouterA.
2. Seconddiscovercycle:thesnmpdiscoverprocesscollectsSNMPinformationfromtheC,BandArouterandfindsthreenewrouters
D,EandFaswellasnewhosts.
3. Thirddiscovercycle:thesnmpdiscoverprocesscollectsSNMPinformationfromtheF,E,D,B,CetAanddiscoversnewhosts.
Discoverprocessconfiguration
Thesnmpdiscoverprocessisfullyconfigurableandcouldbefinetunetoyourexpectation.Theconfigurationwindowsisaccessiblefromthemain
menu:
Configure>DiscoverProcess
ConFigureoptionofthemainmenu
thesnmpdiscoverprocesswindowisadialogboxcontainingalladjustablesettings.
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Discoverprocesswindow
Remark: Remember, the snmp discover process works as a background task of the LoriotPro kernel and this window is only a configuration
window.
A lot of configuration options are available to finely tune the snmp discoverprocess. It could be necessary to limit the number of discovery
methodsandconsequentlyreducethetrafficgeneratedbythesnmpdiscoverprocess.
To perform the scanning cycles, the snmp discover process uses thehosts settings stored in the Directory and a few others allowing a more
preciseanalysis.
UnattendedMode
TheEnableDiscoverProcessoptionallowsyoutodoperiodicdiscoveratregularintervals.ThesettingDiscoverProcessRunningInterval
definesthetimebetweeneachdiscovercycle.
Warning:Ifyoucheckthe"EnableDiscoverProcess"option,aninformationwindowremindsyouthatyouwillsendSNMPrequeststoall
ofyournetworkhostsandthatlinkswillbeused.Itcouldarisethatondemandlinkswillbeopened and will be payable for time utilization.
Activatingthesnmpdiscoverprocesscouldopentheselinksandgenerateunwantedcosts.
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snmpdiscoverwarning
Warningwindow
IfyouanswerYes,youwillbeabletoconFigurethediscovercycleoccurrences.
'RunScanningProcessEvery'option
Remark:Inourprecedingexample,threecycleswerenecessarytodiscoverthenetwork.Ifthediscovercyclefrequencyissetat100seconds,it
willtakeatleast300secondestodiscoverthenetwork.Ifthefrequencyusedislowerthanthetimeneededtodoacompletediscover,thesnmp
discoverprocesswillruncontinuously.
TheprocessautomaticallyswitchestotheSNMPversionandselectstherightreadcommunityofthecurrentscannedhost.BydefaulttheSNMP
version1isusedwhentheprocessinterrogatesanewhostbutversion2crequestcouldalsobeuseincaseofnoresponseinversion1.
Networkcontainercreation
Remark: By default the snmp discover process creates new discovered networks under the root (World) of the Directory tree. It is possible to
modifythisoptionandlocatetheNetworksinacontainerofyourchoice.Todothat,selectthedesiredcontainerinthetreeandusethemenu
option'SetHomeContainer'ofthesubmenu'DiscoverAnchor'.
Toresetthisoptioninthedefaultrootvalue,selecttheResetHomeToRootinthesamesubmenu.
Warning:ThisoptionisautomaticallysettorooteachtimeyourestartLoriotpro
SNMPtablediscoveroptions
Aswealreadymention,thesnmpdiscoverprocessreadsSNMPtablesinthehostinordertobuilditsvisionofthenetworktopology.
Theseoptionsareselectableintheconfigurationdialogbox.
TableofoptionsofSNMPscanningtable
Options
Functions
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Options
Functions
AddallnetworksfromSNMProute
table
ScantheIpRouteEntrytableandgatherinformationiproutedestandtiproutemaskforbuildingnetwork
objectsintheDirectory.
Warning:Ifpourrouterisconnectedtoanexternalnetwork(ExtranetorInternet)itcould
bepossiblethatyouwillseeunneedednetworks.
Addhostsfoundwithnoregistered
network
thesnmpdiscoverprocessinsertsthehostintheDirectoryevenifnonetworkobjectsareavailablefor
them.
AddhostsfoundinSNMProutetable
thesnmpdiscoverprocessinsertsthenexthophostsoftheroutingtableintheDirectoryorthehosts
definedwithrouteshavingamaskof255.255.255.255.
AddhostfoundinSNMPARPtable
thesnmpdiscoverprocessusestheSNMPIpAddEntrytable(AddressResolutionProtocolARP)to
discoverallhoststhatareonthesamephysicalnetwork.
Remark:Dontusethisoptionifyouwanttodiscoveronlytherouters.
IPaddressrangediscover
ItispossibletolimitthescanrangetoasetofIPaddresses.IfyouchecktheSetanduseIPRangecaseanewwindowappearsallowingyouto
specifythisrange.
Checkbox'SetanduseIPrange'
Intheexamplebelow,onlyhostsintheDirectoryhavingaddressesbetween10.33.10.121and10.33.10.130arescanned.
IPaddressrangeconfigurationwindow
Warning:Thisrangeshouldbecontiguous.
Theboxisnowcheckedandnotifiesyouthattherangeissetup.
ThetextdisplayedintheinformationzoneremindsyouthatanIPaddressrangeisused.
Duringthescanningcycle,thetextinformsyouaboutthecurrentscannedaddress.
IPExpertOptions
TheIPExpertoptionsprovideadvancedanalysisoftheclient/serversapplicationsrunningonthediscoveredhosts.
IfthediscoveredhostsareansweringtoSNMPrequests,theIPExpertcanalsoprovideanyinformationonthehostsresources.
TheIPExpert uses in that case script programs. Scripts are already available for in deep hosts resources analysis and furthermore you can
extendthelibraryofavailablewithyourownscript.
IntheDiscoverProcessconfigurationwindow,youcansetupfewoptionforactivatingtheIPExpertprocess.
RunIPExpertonDirectoryNetworkObjects:Ifthisoptionischecked,theIPExpertprocesswillanalyzealltheNetworkobjects(scanthe
networkandlaunchdiscoverstrategyscripts).ThescanisperformedonlyiftheNetworkObjectpropertysettingsallowit.
IntheNetworkObjectpropertybesurethatthe"Makeanewscanofthisnetworkatthenextdiscoverprocess"ischecked
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AssignhostparametersfromIPExpertInformations(ExtendedEdition):IftheIPexpertusediscoverstrategiesbasedonscriptthehost
parameterscanbeassigneddirectlybyscriptfunctions.ThisoptionsallowsthisfeaturesonlyavailablewiththeExtendedEditionofLoriotPro.
AclickontheSetIPExpertbuttonopentheIPExpertConsolewindow.ReadtheIPExpertConsoledocumentationforthenextconfiguration
steps.
Discoveronlyroutersoption(nexthophosts)
thesnmpdiscoverprocessidentifiesthehoststhatarerouters(nexthops)whenperformingadiscover.nexthopIPaddressesarecollectedinthe
tableentrycalledIpRouteNextHopoftheSNMPIpRouteEntrytableobjectwhichistheroutingtable.
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iproutenexthop
TableIpRouteEntry
Thisoptioncouldbeforcedintheadvancedhostsetting.
Warning:Itisnotpossibletogetridofthishostoptionwithcertitudeforarealnexthopbecausethesnmpdiscoverprocess
dynamicallysetsitupifitsmissing.Ifthisoptionismanuallysetupbyerrorthesnmpdiscoverprocesswontdiscardit.
This option is useful to limit the discovery perimeter and to predefined next hop hosts (routers) therefore restricting the SNMP information
collectiontothesehostsonly.
Discoveroption
IfthediscoveronlyroutersoptionisnotcheckedthesnmpdiscoverprocessscansalldiscoveredhostsrespondingornottoSNMPrequests.
Discoveronlyactifhostsoption
Ifthediscoveronlyactifhostsischecked,onlydeviceswiththeSNMPpollingoptionactivatedandhavingagoodpollingstatus(greencolor)
arescanned.
Discoveronlyroutersoptionandhosts.
Ifbothmodesarechecked,onlydevicesofnexthosttypewiththeSNMPpollingoptionactiveandhavingagoodpollingstatus(greencolor)are
scanned.
Alloptionsremoved
thesnmpdiscoverprocessscansallhostsoftheDirectoryexceptthosewiththe
Enablediscoveroptionnotchecked.
Preventingaspecifichosttobeanalyzedbythediscoverprocess
ThescanofahostcouldbepreventedbyuncheckingtheoptionEnablediscoverscanningforthishostinthehostconfigurationwindow
"EnableDiscoverscanningforthishost"Option
Limittherouterhopcountdepth
TheMaximumrouterhopstodiscoveroptionlimitsthenumberofroutersthatthesnmpdiscoverprocesscouldcrossduringdiscoverycycles.
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Warning:Bydefaultthevalueissetto100,whichisobviouslyalargenetwork.Withthisdefaultvalue,youmightdiscovernetworksfrom
extranetorInternet
Usinganalternatecommunity
AsecondReadOnlycommunitycouldbesetupfornewlydiscoveredhoststhatarepresentintheDirectory.
SecondCommunitysetup
Defaultvaluesassignedtonewlydiscoveredhosts
Wheneverthesnmpdiscoverprocessfindsanewhost,itusesthepredefinedsettingsforsettingupitsprofile.Ifyouwishthatnewdiscovered
hostsbesupervisedbySNMPorICMPatapredefinedfrequency,youcanchangethedefaultassignedsettings.
TableofDefaultSettings
Options
Functions
CommunityRO
ThisCommunityisusesfornewhosts,ifthehostrespondstoSNMPquery.
AllsubsequentfoundhostswillhavethisROcommunity.
SecondCommunityRO
Ifthepreviouscommunitygetsnoanswer,thesecondoneisused.
AllsubsequentfoundhostswillhavethisROcommunity.
CommunityRW
ThisRWcommunityisassignedtonewhosts.
Polling
LapollingfrequencyusedbyICMPorSNMP,assignedtonewhost.
60secondsisthedefaultvalue.
Snmppolling
IfthisoptionischeckedallnewdiscoveredhostswillbepolledwithSNMPatregularintervalsdefinedinthepolling
field
Pingpolling
IfthisoptionischeckedallnewdiscoveredhostswillbepolledwithICMP(Ping)atregularintervalsdefinedinthe
pollingfield.
CheckForSNMPV2c
IfthisoptionischeckedtheDiscoverprocesswilltrytouseSNMPversion1requests.Ifunsuccessful,itwilltry
withSNMPversion2crequests.Ifthesecondrequestissuccessful,subsequentrequeststothishostwillbemade
inversion2c.
Nameresolutionofdiscoveredhosts
Bydefault,thesnmpdiscoverprocessusestheSNMPSysnameobjectvalueasobjectnameintheDirectory.Thisistrueifthenameisdefinedin
theagentandifthehostanswerstotheSNMPquery.
IfyoucheckAssignDNStohostnamethenameresolutioniscarriedouttotheNameServer
IfyoucheckScanandAssignNetbiostohostnamethenameresolutioniscarriedouttotheWINS
Remark:IfyoucheckAssignDNStohostnametheDiscovercyclewillbesloweddownbecauseDNSrequestsaresometimesslow.
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Ifthenamecouldnotberesolvedbyalltheseways,thehostnamewillbebuiltfromtheIPaddressanda>willbeaddedfirst
Example
Ifthehostaddressis10.3.4.5andifthesnmpdiscoverprocessisnotabletofindanameeitherwithSNMP,DNSorNetbiostheassignedname
willbe:
>10.3.4.5
Discoveringremotearchitecture
TheDiscoverprocesscanbestartmanuallyanddiscoverremotenetworkarchitecture.
Thisdiscoversmethodrequiresthataremoterouter(theipaddressofoneofitsinterface)isaccessiblethroughthenetworkandthatthisrouter
isansweringtoSNMPrequests.
Theremoterouterreadonlycommunityshouldbespecifiedtoo.
TodoaremotenetworkdiscoveraddanIPaddressintheDiscoveringfromaremotehost(Router)area(seebelow).
Whendoneclickonthestartbutton(Warning:theunattendedmodeshouldbeoff).
HostDefaultSettings
Hostadvancedsettings,alreadyseeninpreviouschapter,couldaffectthebehaviorofthesnmpdiscoverprocessforthisparticularhost.
Hostadvancedsettings
Advancedpropertydefinitions
TheSNMP"polling"optionisusedinrelationwiththeScanonlyactivehostsoption.
Extractofthehostproperties
TheThishostisarouter(NextHop)optionforcesthesnmpdiscoverprocesstoconsideranonnexthophostasanexthop.
TheEnablediscoverscanningforthishostoptioncoulddisablethescanofthishostbythesnmpdiscoverprocess.
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snmphosttype
Hostproperties
Standardpropertiesaffectingthesnmpdiscoverprocess.
Whencreatinganewentryinthelist,youmaydefinethefollowingsettings
inserthost
Hostcreationwindow
Tableofstandardoptions
Options
Impactonthesnmpdiscoverprocess
PingPolling
ThissettingisusedtodotheICMPpollingandhasnoeffectonthesnmpdiscoverprocess.Ifthedeviceis
polledsuccessfully,itsstatusis1anditscolorblue.
SnmpPolling
thesnmpdiscoverprocessusesthissettingiftheScanonlyactivehostsoptionischecked.Ifthedeviceis
polledsuccessfully,itsstatusis2anditscolorgreen.Ifbothoptionsarecheckedandifthestatusis2then
theSNMPscanningofthishostisperformed.
Thishostisarouter(NextHop)
Thissettingisautomaticallysetupbythesnmpdiscoverprocessandcouldonlybemanuallyforcedtotrue.
Iftheoptionscanonlyrouters(nexthophosts)issetthenthisdevicewillbescannedbythesnmp
discoverprocessindifferenttoitsstatusortothetwoprevioussettings.
Enablethesnmpdiscover
processtoscanthishost
Thissettingcoulddisablethescanofthishostinallcases.
CommunityRO
ThisisthecommunityusedbythesnmpdiscoverprocessforSNMPscanning.
Discoverprocessgeneratedevents
Eachtimeahostoranetworkisdiscoveredbythesnmpdiscoverprocess,aneventnotificationissenttoanLoriotProEventmanager.Thisevent
managercouldbelocalorremote.
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Eventsdistributedmanagement
Thecurrentversionofthesnmpdiscoverprocessgeneratesonlytwotypesofevents
Eventnumber
Description
"Newhost"
"Newnetwork"
Theeventsaresenttothelocalorremotemanagementandthiscouldtriggeranaction.
Thefollowingdrawingdescribestheconceptofeventmanagement.
snmpdiscovereventfilter
Principlesofeventmanagementandeventfiltering
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DiscoverAlarmmanagement
Exampleofeventfromthesnmpdiscoverprocess
Itispossibletofiltereventsbymodifyingthefiletrapfilter.txt.
Extractoftrapfilter.txtfile
event20.0.0.00.0.0.02wave"wave/newnetwork.wav"
event110.0.0.0255.0.0.01wave"wave/ding.wav"
event10.0.0.00.0.0.01wave"wave/newhost.wav"
ConFiguredfiltersaregraphicallydisplayedintheEventwindowsunderthefilterstab.
snmpdiscoverfilter
Filterstab
Remark:Afullchapterisdedicatedtoeventmanagementandfilters.
Warningaboutthesnmpdiscoverprocess
Whendiscoveringnewhosts,thesnmpdiscoverprocesschecksthe"EnableDiscoverScanningforthishost"optionbydefaultandthusfindsout
alldevicesconnectedtothenetwork.TheLoriotProadministratorshouldmodifythispropertyifhedoesnotwishtoscanspecifichosts.
Itisrecommendedtoproceedstepbystep.Initiallyitissimpletoletthesnmpdiscoverprocessdoitsjobbygivingitenoughtimetorunmultiple
scancycles.Next,youcansetupthehoststhatshouldnotbescannedbythesnmpdiscoverprocess.
thesnmpdiscoverprocessshouldbeusedwithextremecautionwhennetworkarchitecturehasondemandorISDNlink.Itdoesntdistinguish
betweenafreeresourcelikeanEthernetsegmentandapayableonelikeabackupline.
Toavoidtheopeningofsuchlink,youshoulddisabletheEnablethediscoverprocesstoscanthishostofthenexthop(router)providingthis
link.
Warning: Hosts located behind such nexthops could be used by the snmp discover process to continue its scanning. You should carefully
conFigureallhostremotelylocatedanddoafineadjustementofthesnmpdiscoverprocesssettingofthepollingsetting.
Ifyournetworkisespeciallymeshed,wesuggestyoutodisabletheEnableDiscoverscanningforthishostoptionforallIPaddresses of the
routerinvolved.Dontforgetthatthesnmpdiscoverprocessconsidersarouterasindividualhosts.
Oncethetopologyisdiscovered,increasetheperiodbetweentwoscancycles.Ifyournetworkisstableandthenumberofhostsandnetworks
doesntevolve,stopthesnmpdiscoverprocessanduseonlytheclassicalpolling.
Remark:Itispossibletosupervise"polling"adeviceinSNMPandpreventitsscanningbythesnmpdiscoverprocess.Thepollingprocessistotally
independentofthesnmpdiscoverprocess.
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