February5,2010

Multiplechoicequestions
(numbersinbracketsindicatethenumberofcorrectanswers)
Restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphisms(RFLPs)
Areusedtodeterminethepositionofrestrictionsitesinagenome
Areusedinphysicalmapping
Areusedingeneticmapping
Usuallyoccurasmultiple(morethan2)allelesinagenome
Riboseisfoundin
Nucleicacids
Proteins
Lipids
RNA
DNA

MostRNAmoleculesincellsbelongto
tRNAs
mRNAs
ribosomalRNAs
repeatelements
smallnuclearRNAs

(1)

(2)

(1)

Hydrogenbonds
arecovalentbonds
stabilizetheDNAdoublehelix

stabilizeproteinstructures
formbetweentwoelectronegativeatoms
formbetweenadeninandguanine
haveabondenergyof2030kcalmol1

(2)

Thegeneticcode
isatripletcode
consistsof62codons
hasthreestopcodons
isusedintheprocessoftranscription
specifies25aminoacids
isdegenerate

(3)

PCRisusedfor
reversetranscribingRNAintoDNA
digestingproteins
digestingDNA

copyingplasmids
amplifyingDNA
amplifyingproteins

(1)

Microsatellites
aretandemlyrepeatedsequences
arenotverycommoninthehumangenome
canbeusedingeneticmappingofgenomes
areusuallylongerthan200bp
arenormallyfoundattheendofchromosomes

(2)

Transcriptomes
consistofRNA

consistofDNA
consistofproteins
aretranslatedintoproteins
donotchange
differindifferentcells

(3)

sheetsarestabilizedby
hydrophobicbonds
ionicbonds
hydrogenbonds
covalentbonds
alloftheabove
noneoftheabove

(1)

Theshotgunmethod
isusedinanalyzingtranscriptomes
requirescomputers
ismoreaccuratethantheclonecontigmethod
isnormallyusedwithlargegenomes
takesmoretimethanothergenomesequencingapproaches
Restrictionendonucleases
arelocatedinthenucleusofcells
degradeDNA completely
bindtoDNA
areenzymes
areproteins
werediscoveredinthe1980s

Cloningvectors
arealwaysplasmids

containanoriginofreplication
haveanaveragesizeof20kilobasepairs(kb)
arealwayscircularmolecules

(1)

(3)

containalwaysanantibioticsresistancegene

(1)

Transformation
convertsDNAintoRNA
convertsRNAintoproteins
joinstwoDNAfragments
cutsDNAintofragments
introducesDNAintocells
removesgenomesfromcells
isusedincloningofDNA

(2)

DNApolymerases
joinDNAfragments
replicateRNA
replicateDNA
synthesizeDNAin5>3direction
synthesizeDNAin3>5direction
requireaprimertofunction
requirenucleotidestofunction
requireATP

(4)

DNA
isapositivelychargedmoleculeatneutralpH
containsphosphate
isalwaysdoublestranded
hasadiameterofaround2m
isstabilizedbybasestacking

(2)

Simplesequencelengthpolymorphisms
canbeminisatellites
canbemicrosatellites
canbesatelliteDNA
areusedingeneticmapping
aretypedbyoligonucleotidehybridization

(3)

Bacteriophagelambda
isavirus
infectsseveralspeciesofbacteria
hasagenomeofabout20,000bp
hasthreetypesofinfectioncycles
canonlybeseeninanelectronmicroscope

(2)

Total:(34)
Inaddition:
Multiplechoiceandshortanswerquestionsfromchapters13oftheGenomes3
textbook.