Page | 2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
profile?
Conceptual Framework
PROFILE
INPUTS
Age
Gender
Program
Year level
Class schedule
No. of class days per
week
Allowance
PROCESS
survey questionnaire
data gathering
Page | 3
analytical procedures
statistical procedures
VARIABLE
Transportation
Meal
Luxury and Leisure
Projects and Books
Communication
Savings
OUTPUT
Budgeting Practices of
students
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature
Page | 7
Page | 9
Page | 11
Page | 13
CHAPTER 3
Methodology
Page | 14
Page | 15
Programs
No. Of Respondents
Accountancy (BSA)
Financial Management and Accounting (FMA)
Accounting Technology (BSAT)
Human Resource Development and Management (HRDM)
32
12
10
10
18
18
100
Research Instrument
In conducting the study, the researchers prepared survey questionnaire as the main tool in
gathering data. The survey questionnaire is divided into three parts. First, the profile of the
respondents to identify the information needed for statistics. Second, the parameters or metrics used,
for the respondents to identify the measures in answering the questionnaire. Third is the structured
questionnaire, where the respondents will measure each statement in the questionnaire.
Data gathering procedure
In order to collect data, the researchers distributed survey questionnaire for the respondents.
An explanation about the purpose of the study and clarifications as to items and statements included
in the survey questionnaire was also provided. The respondents were given enough time to appreciate
and comprehend the statements in the questionnaire.
Data gathered from the survey conducted were then tabulated and interpreted using various
statistical tools. The results were used in coming up with the conclusions and recommendations.
Statistical Treatment
Page | 16
Likert-type Scale
The likert-type scale was used to measure each respondents degree of response to each
item in the questionnaire. Specifically, the researchers used the level of agreement scale.
Table 2. Level of Agreement
3.
Verbal
Scale
Description
4
Strongly Agree
3
Agree
2
Disagree
1
Strongly Disagree
Slovin Formula
Scale
3.51 - 4.5
2.51- 3.5
1.51- 2.5
.51- 1.5
Verbal
Interpretation
Very Frequently
Frequently
Rarely
Very Rarely
Page | 17
5.
Composite Mean
Refer to composite measures of variables, i.e. measurements based on multiple data items. It
was used to rank the variables for each program.
Formula:
CM = WM1 + WM2 + + WMN
Where:
CM = Composite Mean
Page | 18
CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Page | 19
Female; 68%
Referring to Graph 1, out of the total 100 respondents, 68% or 68 respondents are Female
and only 32% or 32 respondents are Male.
graph 2. Age Group of Business Students
22 and above; 9%
16-18; 42%
19-21; 49%
BSA; 32%
LM; 18%
HRDM; 10%
BSAT; 10%
FMA; 12%
Page | 20
Based on Graph 3, our 100 respondents composed of: 32 or 32% are BSA students, 18 or
18% are MM and LM students, 12 or 12% are FMA students, and only 10 or 10% are HRDM and
BSAT students.
graph 4. Weekly Allowance of Business Students
Page | 21
Graph 4 illustrates the result in terms of students allowance, 35% of the respondents has
300-650 allowance and has 5 days of class per week, 26% has 651-1000 allowance and has 5 days of
class per week, 24% has 1001-1500 allowance and has 5 days of class per week, 6% has 651-1000
allowance and has 4 days of class per week, 4% has 300-650 allowance and has 4 days of class per
week, 2% has 1001-1500 allowance and has 4 days of class per week, 1% has 1001-1500 allowance
and has 3 days class per week, 1% has 651-1000 allowance and has 3 days of class per week, and
one of them specifically disclose an allowance of 2000 and has 5 days of class per week.
Table 3
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Transportation)
I.
TRANSPORTATION
A. I have a regular
school service
which eliminates
my transportation
expenses.
B. I live in a dorm
or at a house
which is just a
walk from school.
WEIGHTED MEAN
Composite
Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
BSA
BSAT
FMA
HRDM
LM
MM
1.16
1.5
1.3
1.33
1.5
1.47
Very Rarely
1.81
1.6
2.42
1.6
1.61
1.72
1.79
Rarely
Page | 22
2.03
2.6
2.08
2.3
2.56
2.17
2.29
Rarely
2.66
2.3
2.67
2.6
2.22
2.89
2.56
Frequently
2.94
2.9
3.25
3.2
2.61
2.94
2.97
Frequently
Table 3 shows the overall mean of all the statements under Transportation. Based on the
table, it was determined that students of College of Business Education frequently took an alternative
route or mode of transportation that is less expensive with a composite mean of 2.97 and with
composite mean of 2.56 was spending less than 50% of their allowance for transportation. With a
composite mean of 2.29, business students rarely spend 50% and above of their allowance for
transportation and rarely lived in a dorm with a composite mean of 1.79 while its very rare for them to
have a regular school service with composite mean of 1.47.
Table 4
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Meal)
WEIGHTED MEAN
II. MEAL
A. I bring pack
lunch or food to
save
allowance.
BSA
BSAT
FMA
HRD
M
LM
MM
1.97
1.8
2.33
1.9
1.33
2.11
Composite
Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
1.91
Rarely
Page | 23
1.84
1.6
2.17
1.5
1.61
2.06
1.80
Rarely
3.53
3.4
3.25
3.3
2.56
3.17
3.20
Frequently
2.94
3.3
2.22
3.33
2.97
Frequently
3.16
2.9
2.61
2.89
2.93
Frequently
Table 4 illustrates the overall mean of all the statements under Meal. It can be inferred that
business students frequently eat outside the school because of more affordable choices of food having
a composite mean 3.20 and to eat their meal at home before going to school came second to the most
significant with a 2.97 composite mean. It is also frequent for business students to spend 40%-50& of
their allowance for food with composite mean of 2.93. Bringing pack lunch or food has a composite
mean of 1.91and business students bringing pack lunch because it is not provided for in their
allowance got a composite mean of 1.80 were both rarely practiced by business students.
Table 5
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Luxury and Leisure)
Composite
Mean
WEIGHTED MEAN
BSAT
FMA
HRD
M
LM
Verbal
Interpretation
MM
Page | 24
A. I spend my
extra time for
luxury and leisure
e.g. going to the
mall, watching
movies at the
cinema, playing
online games,
arcades, etc.
B. I save 10-30%
of my money to
buy the things that
I want and in case
I might need it.
C. I prefer to stay
at the library and
read books during
vacant.
D. I prefer to go
home after class to
avoid unnecessary
expenses.
E. I spend 10-30%
of my allowance
for leisure.
2.2
1.67
2.3
2.44
2.44
2.18
Rarely
3.06
2.9
3.2
2.89
3.22
3.05
Frequently
2.81
2.7
2.78
2.78
2.85
Frequently
3.03
3.1
3.33
3.5
2.61
3.22
3.13
Frequently
2.47
1.8
2.5
2.6
2.72
2.5
2.43
Rarely
Table 5 summarized the overall mean of statements under Luxury and Leisure. From the
table, it can be inferred that business students prefer to go home after class to avoid unnecessary
expense with a composite mean 3.13. With a composite mean of 3.05 business students save 10-30%
of their allowance to buy the things they want and in case they might need. Students who prefer to
stay at the library got a composite mean of 2.85. Spending 10-30& of their allowance for leisure has a
composite mean 2.43 and lastly, business students spend their extra time for luxury and leisure has a
composite mean of 2.18.
Table 6
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Projects and Books)
IV. PROJECTS AND
BOOKS
WEIGHTED MEAN
BSA
BSAT
FMA
HRDM
LM
MM
Composite
Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
Page | 25
A. I allot 10% of my
allowance for
photocopy.
B. I allot 10% of my
allowance for books.
C. Having projects or
researches increases
my allowance for
projects.
D. My allowance is
enough to cover for
my projects.
E. I spend 15% of my
allowance for my
projects.
2.59
2.8
2.75
2.8
2.89
3.17
2.83
Frequently
2.93
2.5
2.67
2.2
2.33
2.44
2.51
Frequently
2.84
2.5
2.67
2.2
3.11
2.83
2.69
Frequently
2.84
1.9
2.33
2.3
2.94
2.33
2.44
Rarely
2.44
2.4
2.33
2.6
2.61
2.67
2.51
Frequently
Table 6 shows the overall mean of statements under Projects and Books. Based on the result,
students frequently allotting 10% of their allowance for photocopy has a composite mean of 2.83,
having projects or researches increases their allowance for projects got a composite mean of 2.69.
Allotting 10% of allowance for books and spending 15% of their allowance for projects both have a
composite mean of 2.51. And its rare with a composite mean of 2.44 that business students
responded that their allowance was enough to cover their projects.
Table 7
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Communications)
V.
COMMUNICATIONS
WEIGHTED MEAN
Composit
e Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
Page | 26
A. I allocate 10% of my
allowance for
communication
expense.
B. I register to text and
call promos to
maximize my load
budget.
C. I used free data
connection for my
messenger application,
rather than loading.
D. I only spend for
communication, if it is
for emergency or
needed.
E. I subscribe to
monthly plan that suit
to my preference of
usage.
BSA
BSAT
FMA
HRD
M
LM
MM
2.19
2.2
2.5
2.9
2.33
2.5
2.44
Rarely
2.94
3.4
3.25
3.8
2.78
2.78
3.16
Frequently
3.5
3.25
3.2
3.06
3.17
Frequently
3.34
2.7
2.92
2.9
2.83
3.06
2.96
Frequently
1.31
1.9
1.4
1.78
1.83
1.70
Rarely
Table 7 illustrates the overall mean of statements under Communications. With a composite
mean of 3.17, business students used free data of messaging applications rather than loading. Next,
having a composite mean of 3.16, the respondents register to text and call promos to maximize their
load budget. The composite mean for the statement that students only spend for communication of it is
for emergency purposes was 2.96. Having a composite mean of 2.44, the respondents allocate 10%
of their allowance for communication expense. Lastly, with a composite mean of 1.70 students
subscribe to monthly plan that suit their preference of usage.
Table 8
Summary of Weighted Mean with Verbal Interpretation (Savings)
Page | 27
WEIGHTED MEAN
VI. SAVINGS
A. I allocate 10-20%
of my allowance for
savings.
B. I join in ease-up
system or
"paluwagan".
C. I lend part of my
allowance rather
than spending it.
D. I open bank
account or have a
treasure box where I
can deposit my
savings.
E. I save money for
emergency
purposes or just in
case I might need
extra money.
Composite
Mean
Verbal
Interpretation
BSA
BSAT
FMA
HRD
M
LM
MM
3.28
2.92
3.2
2.72
3.33
3.08
Frequently
1.53
1.7
2.17
1.5
2.22
2.06
1.86
Rarely
2.25
1.6
2.5
2.5
2.17
2.39
2.24
Rarely
2.44
2.9
2.67
2.3
2.5
2.78
2.60
Frequently
3.34
2.8
3.83
3.4
3.11
3.39
3.31
Frequently
Table 8 shows the overall mean of statements under Savings. Getting the highest mean of
3.31, respondents save money for emergency purposes or just in case of need. Next, with a
composite mean of 3.08 were students allocating 10-20% of their allowance for savings. With an
overall mean of 2.60, the respondents open bank account or have a treasure box where they can
deposit their savings. Lending part of their allowance rather than spending it got a composite mean of
2.24 and with a composite mean of 1.86, being the lowest, students answered that they join in easeup system or paluwagan.
Table 9
Summary of Composite Mean per Program
Page | 28
Table 9 shows the composite mean of each variable per program. Based on the table, it is rare
for all the programs to include transportation in their budgeting practices. For Meal, all programs
except LM students frequently budget their allowance for food and meal. Luxury and Leisure was
regularly included in the business students allocation of budget. All respondents except for HRDM
students do practice budgeting for Projects and Books. Business students habitually practiced
budgeting for Communication and it is only the BSAT respondents who rarely practiced Savings.
CHAPTER 5
Page | 29
1.4
Year level
The respondents were composed of 22 first year students, 19 second year students,
26 third year students, 26 fourth year students and 7 fifth years.
1.5 Class schedule
Page | 30
1.5
2.2
Meal
With reference to Chapter 4, Meal has a composite mean of 2.69 for BSA, 2.56 for
BSAT, 2.75 for FMA, 2.58 for HRDM, 2.49 for LM and 2.71 for MM. All programs except
the LM students frequently budget for meal.
2.3
2.4
Page | 31
Communications
The composite mean for Communications per programs were: 2.66 for BSA, 2.64 for
BSAT, 2.78 for FMA, 2.84 for HRDM, 2.54 for LM and 2.64 for MM. All the respondents
agreed that they regularly practice allocating their allowance for Communications.
2.6
Savings
Savings have an overall composite mean of 2.57 for BSA, 2.4 for BSAT, 2.82 for FMA,
2.58 for HRDM, 2.54 for LM and 2.79 for MM. All programs except BSAT frequently saved
money from their allowance.
3.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that for each program, the level of
preference in terms of the variables differed. This means that there is a significant difference in their
personal budgeting practices. It can be due to the differences in their profile e.g. the amount of
allowance and number of class days per week.
It was also determined how frequently or rarely do they practice the statements under each
variable in their personal budgeting.
For BSA and FMA students, they rarely allocate their allowance for Transportation while they
frequently budget for the other variables. BSAT students rarely do budgeting for Transportation and
Page | 32
Recommendations
According to the study, the researchers would like to recommend that the students should
continue to prioritize savings on their budgeting. A theory in economics suggests that before income
would be available for consumption, savings must be taken out first. Its actually applicable for
business students so that they wont be spending ahead of their allowance. Its important to avoid
overspending for things that were unnecessary like the luxury and leisure.
Prioritization should be practiced in order to allocate allowance to those variables that really
matters. Students must understand the importance of proper budget planning to prepare them to be
Page | 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Norvilitis, et al., 2006)
Foreign Lit (source: money.usnews.com)
Foreign Stud (source: http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/10670.pdf)
Local Lit (source: http://www.philstar.com/campus/extra-curricularactivities/2014/05/26/1327597/breakdown-students-allowance)
Page | 34
APPENDIX
Appendix 1. Sample Survey Questionnaire with Cover Letter
Page | 35
Page | 36
Page | 37
Page | 38
Appendix
5. Tally
of Sample Population of Business Students by Age
Page | 39
Page | 40
Page | 42
Page | 44
Page | 45
Page | 46