Vizitati www.tocilar.ro ! Arhiva online cu diplome, cursuri si referate postate de utilizatori.

Rcemment je l'ai vu une affiche sur une pice de thtre. Le titre a attir mon attention parce que je lis le livre et
j'ai vraiment aim l'histoire(Metamorphosis). L'image de l'affiche tait en noir et blanc et presente un

homme en costume avec une valise . Aussi, lhomme a un air mystrieux et un peu serieux
qui essaye de cacher qqc.
Jai aime cette image parce qu'il exprime une atmosphre mystrieuse du dbut du 20me
sicle.
Thch Nht Hnh (/tk njt hn/; Vietnamese: [tk t h ] ( listen); born as Nguyen Xuan
Bao [1] on October 11, 1926) is a Vietnamese Buddhist monk and peace activist. He lives in Plum
Village in the Dordogne region in the south of France,[2] travelling internationally to give retreats
and talks. He coined the term "Engaged Buddhism" in his book Vietnam: Lotus in a Sea of Fire.
[3]
A long-term exile, he was given permission to make his first return trip to Vietnam in 2005. [4]
Nht Hnh has published more than 100 books, including more than 40 in English. He is active
in the peace movement, promoting nonviolent solutions to conflict[5] and he also refrains from
animal product consumption as a means of nonviolence towards non-human animals. [6][7]
Contents
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1Biography
1.1During the Vietnam War
1.2Establishing the Order of Interbeing
1.3Return to Vietnam
1.4Other
1.5Health
2Approach
3Names applied to him
4Awards and honors
5Writings
6See also
7References
8External links

Biography[edit]

Buddha hall of the T Hiu Pagoda

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Main articles[show]

Persons[show]

Doctrines[show]

Traditions[show]

Awakening[show]

Teachings[show]

Practice[show]

Schools[show]

Related schools[show]

Born as Nguyn Xun Bo, Nht Hnh was born in the city of Hu in Central Vietnam in 1926. At
the age of 16 he entered the monastery at T Hiu Temple near Hu, Vietnam, where his
primary teacher was Zen Master Thanh Qu Chn Tht.[8][9][10] A graduate of Bo Quc Buddhist
Academy in Central Vietnam, Thch Nht Hnh received training in Vietnamese traditions
of Mahayana Buddhism as well as Vietnamese Thin and was ordained as a monk in 1949.[3]
In 1956, Nht Hnh was named editor-in-chief of Vietnamese Buddhism, the periodical of the
Unified Vietnam Buddhist Association (Vietnamese: Gio Hi Pht Gio Vit Nam Thng Nht).
In the following years he founded L Bi Press, the Vn Hanh Buddhist University in Saigon, and
the School of Youth for Social Service (SYSS), a neutral corps of Buddhist peaceworkers who
went into rural areas to establish schools, build healthcare clinics, and help rebuild villages. [2]
Nht Hnh is now recognized as a dharmacharya (teacher) and as the spiritual head of the T
Hiu Pagoda and associated monasteries.[8][11] On May 1, 1966 at T Hiu Temple, he received
the "lamp transmission", making him a dharmacharya, from Zen Master Chn Tht. [8]

During the Vietnam War[edit]

In 1960, Nht Hnh went to the U.S. to study comparative religion at Princeton University,[12] and
was subsequently appointed lecturer in Buddhism at Columbia University.[12] By then he had

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gained fluency in French, Chinese, Sanskrit, Pali, Japanese and English, in addition to his
native Vietnamese. In 1963, he returned to Vietnam to aid his fellow monks in their non-violent
peace efforts.[12]
Nht Hnh taught Buddhist psychology and prajnaparamita literature at Vn Hanh Buddhist
University, a private institution that focused on Buddhist studies, Vietnamese culture, and
languages.[12] At a meeting in April 1965 Vn Hanh Union students issued a Call for
Peace statement. It declared: "It is time for North and South Vietnam to find a way to stop the
war and help all Vietnamese people live peacefully and with mutual respect." Nht Hnh left for
the U.S. shortly afterwards, leaving Chn Khng in charge of the SYSS. Vn Hnh University
was taken over by one of the Chancellors who wished to sever ties with Thich Nht Hnh and the
SYSS, accusing Chn Khng of being a communist. From that point the SYSS struggled to raise
funds and faced attacks on its members. The SYSS persisted in their relief efforts without taking
sides in the conflict.[3]
Nht Hnh returned to the US in 1966 to lead a symposium in Vietnamese Buddhism at Cornell
University and to continue his work for peace. While in the US, Nht Hnh stopped at
Gethsemani Abbey to speak with Thomas Merton.[13] When Vietnam threatened to block Nht
Hnh's re-entry to the country, Merton penned an essay of solidarity entitled "Nhat Hanh is my
Brother".[13][14] He had written a letter to Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1965 entitled: "In Search of the
Enemy of Man". It was during his 1966 stay in the U.S. that Thch Nht Hnh met with Martin
Luther King, Jr. and urged him to publicly denounce the Vietnam War.[15] In 1967, Dr. King gave a
famous speech at the Riverside Churchin New York City, his first to publicly question the U.S.
involvement in Vietnam.[16] Later that year, Dr. King nominated Thch Nht Hnh for the
1967 Nobel Peace Prize. In his nomination Dr. King said, "I do not personally know of anyone
more worthy of [this prize] than this gentle monk from Vietnam. His ideas for peace, if applied,
would build a monument to ecumenism, to world brotherhood, to humanity". [17] The fact that King
had revealed the candidate he had chosen to nominate and had made a "strong request" to the
prize committee, was in sharp violation of the Nobel traditions and protocol. [18][19] The committee
did not make an award that year.
Nht Hnh moved to France and became the chair of the Vietnamese Buddhist Peace
Delegation.[12] When the Northern Vietnamese army took control of the south in 1975, Thch Nht
Hnh was denied permission to return to Vietnam. [12] From 19761977 he led efforts to help
rescue Vietnamese boat people in the Gulf of Siam, eventually stopping under pressure from the
governments of Thailand and Singapore.[20]
A CIA-document from the Vietnam War has called Thch Nht Hnh a "brain truster" of Thich Tri
Quang, the leader of a dissident group.[21]

Establishing the Order of Interbeing[edit]

Deer Park Monastery in California

Nht Hnh created the Order of Interbeing in 1966. He heads this monastic and lay group,
teaching Five Mindfulness Trainings and the Fourteen Precepts. In 1969, Nht Hnh established
the Unified Buddhist Church (glise Bouddhique Unifie) in France (not a part of the Unified
Buddhist Church of Vietnam). In 1975, he formed the Sweet Potatoes Meditation Center. The
center grew and in 1982 he and his colleague Chn Khng founded Plum Village,
a vihara and zen center in the Dordogne in the south of France.[2] The Unified Buddhist Church is

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the legally recognized governing body for Plum Village in France, for Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine
Bush, New York, the Community of Mindful Living, Parallax Press, Deer Park
Monastery in California, Magnolia Village in Batesville, Mississippi, and the European Institute of
Applied Buddhism in Waldbrl, Germany.[22][23]
He established two monasteries in Vietnam, at the original T Hiu Temple near Hu and at
Prajna Temple in the central highlands. Thch Nht Hnh and the Order of Interbeing have
established monasteries an

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