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Topic 1:
Wastewater

CBB 30013
Waste
Management
and Treatment

Lecture contents
Nature of wastewater
Sources of water pollutants
Waste related regulations

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Topic 1 Objective
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
discuss different types of water pollutants
explain sources and regulations of water
pollutants

Wastewater?
A combination of the liquid- or watercarried wastes
removed from the residences, institutions,
and commercial and industrial
establishments,
together with groundwater, surface water,
and stormwater.

Decomposition of the organic materials

can lead to the production of large
quantities of malodorous gases

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Wastewater?
Wastewater is characterized in terms of its
physical, chemical and biological
composition.
Analytical methods:
- The analysis used to characterize wastewater
vary from precise quantitative chemical
determinations to the more qualitative
biological and physical determinations.
- The quantitative methods of analysis either
gravimetric, volumetric or physicochemical.

Wastewater Management
and Treatment
Determining the flows is a fundamental
step in the design of wastewater
collection, treatment and disposal
facilities.
The components that makes up the
wastewater flow from a community
depends on the type of collection systems
used.

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The systems used are:

Domestic wastewater
discharged from residences and from commercial,
institutional and similar facilities.

Industrial wastewater
discharged from industrial processes

Storm water
runoff resulting from rainfall and snowmelt

Variations in the flowrates must be established

before collection systems and treatment facilities
are designed.

Domestic Systems:
Sources and Flowrates
Residential areas
Wastewater flowrates are commonly
determined on the basis of population
density and the average pre capita
contribution of wastewater.
In large residential area, it is often
advisable to develop flowrates on the
basis of land use areas and anticipated
population densities.

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Domestic Systems:
Sources and Flowrates
Commercial district
Generally expressed on gal/acre.d
(m3/ha.d) and are based on existing or
anticipated future development or
comparative data.

Institutional facilities
Flowrates vary with the region, climate and
type of facility.

Recreational facilities
Wastewater flowrates for recreational
facilities are highly seasonal.

Sources/Origin of Wastes
Waste may be defined as an unwanted
by-product of a process (e.g. physical,
chemical, biological; natural, man-made;
industrial, agricultural, domestic,
municipal).
Unwanted, because it may:

have inhibitory effects on the process in

question,
reduce the efficiency,
incur additional operational costs (e.g. for
disposal).

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Agricultural Wastes
Crops & Plants

Livestock & Animals

Beans and Peas

Fruits
Vegetables
Nuts
Field Crops
Specialty Crops

Dairy
Poultry
Livestock
Specialty Livestock
Slaughter

Rice Husks

Banana Peel

Rejected
Slaughterhouse
Coffee Beans Waste

Petroleum /
Coal

Electrical /
Gas / Sanitary

Cheese whey

Primary
Metals

Chemical
Products

Cement

Cow Manure

Pulp &
Paper

INDUSTRY

Mining

Others

Forestry
Construction

Machinery

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Industrial Wastes

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Domestic Wastes
Solid and liquid waste such as kitchen
waste, batteries, electronics, plastics,
paper, metals (tin) and wastewater which
originates in a private home or apartment
house.
Domestic waste may contain a significant
amount of toxic or hazardous waste.

Municipal Wastes
Municipal waste is a waste type that
includes predominantly household waste
(domestic waste) with sometimes the
addition of commercial wastes collected
by a municipality within a given area.
Residential
(KL, 2002)

Glass Fe

Others

Yard waste
Textiles

Mix plastics
Mix paper

Food waste
organic &

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Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

EQ (Scheduled Waste) Reg.P.U.(A) 294/2005

EQ (Prescribed Premises) (Sched. W.
Treatm & Disp Facil.) Reg. 1989 - P.U
(A) 141/89

EQ (Sewage & Industrial

Effluents) Reg. - P.U.(A) 12/1979

Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
Solid Waste Management and
Public Cleansing Bill 25/2007

Local Government Act 171/1976

Water Services Industry Act

655/2006

Atomic Energy Licensing Act

304/1984

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Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Purpose: An Act relating to the prevention,

abatement, control of pollution and
enhancement of the environment, and for
purposes connected therewith (Act
127:Preamble).
Executive: Director General from Dept of
Environm. (Act 127:s.3) (under Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment) (NB: DG
can delegate power to any public officer, local
authority etc. s. 49).
Jurisdiction: Sessions Court in West Malaysia
or Court of a Magistrate of the First Class in East
Malaysia (Act 127:s.46).

Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Content:
Part I :
Part II
Part III
Part IV:
Pollution
Part IVa:
Part V
Part Va:
Fund
Part VI:

Preliminary
:
Administration
:
Licenses
Prohibition and Control of
Control of Scheduled Waste
:
Appeal and Appeal Board
Payment of Cess and Environmental
Miscellaneous

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Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Content:

Part IV: Prohibition and Control of Pollution

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Prescription and requirements

Prohibition
Power
Restrictions
Special Defences / Exclusions / Exemptions

Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Prohibition and Control of Pollution (Act

127:s.18-34)
Ministerial prescription (ORDER) that any
unauthorised premises, ships and vehicles
occupied or used for the movement, transfer,
placement or deposit of wastes by any person shall
be an offence.
Any person found guilty of an offence shall be
liable to a fine RM 50000 or imprisonment for a
period of 2 yrs or to both and to a further fine of
RM 1000 for every day that the offence is
continued after a notice by the Director General

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Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Prohibition and Control of Pollution (Act 127:s.1834)

In order to carry out activities as specified in section 18, an
application must be submitted to the Director General (s.20)
including the following:
a)

b)
c)
d)
e)

the plans and specifications of the proposed work, building, erection or

alteration together with details of the control equipment, if any, to be
installed;
a lay-out plan indicating the site of the proposed work, building, erection or
alteration which will take place in relation to the surrounding areas;
the details of the trade, industry or process proposed to be carried on in
such premises;
descriptions of waste constituents and characteristics; and
such other information which the Director General may require,

Improvement of Environmental
Quality Laws and Regulation
EQA 1974 - Act 127

Prohibition and Control of Pollution (Act

127:s.18-34)
Prohibition of open burning (s. 22) and
discharge of oil (s. 27) & waste (s. 29, 34B)
into Malaysian waters:
a)

b)

No person shall, unless licensed, allow or cause open burning

on any premises, discharge or spill any oil or mixture
containing oil, or environmentally hazardous substances,
pollutants or wastes into the Malaysian waters;
Any person guilty of an offence shall be liable to a fine RM
500000 or to imprisonment for 5 yrs or to both.

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