Marina Vicente

AP Literature- 3
23 September 2016
Annotated Bibliography
1. List the completed bibliographical citation: Kushner, R. F. (2006, February 1).
How to Counsel Patients About Diet: Sorting Fact From Fiction, Part 1.
Consultant, 171. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com/
2. The main purpose of the article was to provide dietary counseling to patients by
offering practical lifestyle plans that they can consider in order to improve their
diet and overall health. The article provides information regarding obesity, a
disorder that has introduced serious health problems to our nation, and
recommendations, such as the plate method, and colorizing meals, to prevent
such disorders that are common in the United States.
3. To begin, the article mentions a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular
diseases, cancer, and diabetes, which is an unhealthful diet in order to emphasize
the main issue. For those who want to improve their diet for preventative reasons,
they recommend to include more fruits and vegetables into ones diet for not only
nutritional benefits, but also to combat hunger without cutting back on eating,
which is a successful strategic plan they have noticed has worked with most
patients. As for those patients who are required to have a strict diet because they
already have a , they offer educational guidance such as keeping track and
monitoring their food intake on a food log. Other stronger recommendations
would be the plate method, which requires a patient to become familiar with the

specific portions of meals they should have a day, or what meals they can replace.
Increasing physical activity is also a practical solution that can be easily tracked
on a pedometer to keep track of daily exercise, such as walking.
4. The possible audience for this specific article are patients who want to regulate
and improve their diets as a precaution for their future health, or patients already
struggling with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, or hyperextension.
5. The relevance of the information to the overall topic of nutrition is substantial
because it provides practical advice and counseling to patients that will allow
them to improve their diet progressively, and not all at once. Our contemporary
society especially is saturated with these people who seek an easier way to stay
healthy and wouldnt willingly sacrifice too much time or energy on maintaining
a healthy lifestyle. The article further provides more relevant information about
the main risk factors that lead to serious health issues in the nearby future of many
Americans.
6. The special features of this article include the statistics, such as the dietary
guidelines for Americans, and some clinical highlights which were provided
below the article to further support the articles statements about health.
7. For the majority, the information and suggestions given were unbiased, but when
they stated that dietary change is difficult to sustain on ones own, there can be
some double meaning to that statement. Therefore, it is important to catch these
examples of bias, because it doesnt apply to everyone, the author should not state
it.

1. List the completed bibliographical citation: Beaver, D. (2006, Fall). Nutrition,

undernourished, overweight and obesity--concerns for all of us! Palaestra, 22(4),
4+.
2. The main purpose of this work is to inform, for anyone who is reading the article, what
exactly the Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act really argues because the
information is an essential guide in understanding malnourishment, overweight, and
obesity issues that are affecting the entire population, but especially the school age
population.
3. The content of this article emphasizes the main points that the Child Nutrition and
WIC Reauthorization Act argue, which argue for nutrition education or some sort of
physical education to promote students to maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce obesity,
which is now becoming a serious threat to children. It also includes guidelines and
regulations, selected by a local educational agency, to limit all foods available on every
school campus. Lastly it shares the importance of awareness among not only students, but
also parents, and school representatives, which have authority to demand and implement
better health policies.
4. The possible audience for this article are adults, specifically parents, who care
significantly about their childrens meal options at school, especially if their students are
purchasing their lunches at school on a daily basis.
5. The information is relevant to the topic of nutrition and obesity because it brings in
two very important and recent acts, the Child Nutrition and the WIC Reauthorization Act,
which work towards solving the major health issues that are commonly widespread in
every school across the nation.

6. The special features in this article included important funding statistics which provided
an insight into the overall cost of the new policies being introduced in a majority of
schools in the United States.
7. This article was saturated with bias, especially in its abstract where it stated that we
all need to become knowledgeable about to convince the reader of what it should do
with the information they had just received. Opinions were dispersed throughout the
article, as a result, its important to be wary if the author is credible and it's important to
double check the statistics in case there might be some exaggeration.
1.List

the completed bibliographical citation: KENNEDY, E. T., BOWMAN, S. A.,

SPENCE, J. T., FREEDMAN, M., & KING, J. (2001). Popular diets: Correlation
to health, nutrition, and obesity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,

2.The

main purpose of the work is to look into the association between a wide range of

health and nutrition indicators to the two most popular diets. Specifically, it was
important to examine the relationship between vegetarian and non vegetarian diets to diet
quality, as measured by the health eating index, consumption patterns, and body mass
index to then come to conclusions about the role they play in health and obesity.
3.The

content discussed two popular diets, which are vegetarian and non vegetarian, to

introduce two ways in which people meet their dietary standards. The information
regarding each diet category also took into account their gender and body mass index to
provide accurate statistics about their overall nutrition.The results proved the lowest
energy intakes were found in those who relied on a vegetarian diet to obtain their
nutritional needs. It then discussed the global issue of obesity and offered statistics that
showed its unprecedented rate and overwhelming numbers, but then offered nutritional

guidelines to outline the amount of fats, carbohydrates, and other essential nutrients that
the body needs to meet its nutritional needs, but not surpass it.
4.The

possible audience for this work would be people who follow a vegetarian and

nonvegetarian diet, because all of the information provided in this article applies to their
diet. This audience would relate more to this work because they know firsthand how it is
like to live according to this nutritional plan.
5.The

relevance of this work to overall nutrition in our current time is major because it

tackles the major diets in nutrition, which are vegetarianism and non vegetarianism, and
it discusses the global issue of obesity, to which they claimed rightfully was increasing at
an unprecedented rate.
6.The

special features on this work include an organized format, extensive quantitative

information, and also literary suggestions to further research their arguments, which are
very useful since there are various authors who write about the nutritional benefits and
flaws of both diets.
7.This

specific work had no bias because it was mostly composed of quantitative data

like body mass index and energy percentages that one obtains from their diet. Besides
having received direct statistics from other sources and books, it did however have
weaknesses in repetitiveness because it would restate the same point in different locations
throughout the article.
1. List the completed bibliographical citation: Atkinson, R. L., & Nitzke, S. A.

(2001,

November 3). School based programmes on obesity: increase knowledge about

nutrition but do not change eating habits by much. British Medical Journal, 323(7320),
1018+. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com/

2. The main purpose of the work is to argue that school based prevention programs on
obesity are increasing significant knowledge on nutrition, but they are, only slightly,
changing childrens nutritional habits. As a results those intervention programs only have
only a limited potential to reduce the obesity among children.
3. The content of this article consists of experimental data, numbers, and research,
carried out by Ciliska et al and Contento et al, which both similarly worked to figure out
the impact prevention programs had on the overall obesity rate. They received results that
showed their treatment programs offered only short term, resulting in only a slight change
on curbing obesity. From this they figured that since prevention programs were offering
no real changes in obesity, then those same programs should be used only to help inform
higher risk children, but in an effective way because the results might end up bringing
about other serious eating disorders.
4. The possible audience for this work might be school board representatives, who
implement these programs into their school to share awareness and knowledge about
serious topics, like obesity. Also parents might be a possible audience since they have to
read carefully into these programs and whether or not they want their child to attend these
meetings because it's a sensitive topic that may arise eating disorders, if taught
incorrectly.
5. The relevance of the information in the work to the overall topic of nutrition and
obesity is exceptional because the experiments explained in this work provided actual
methods and outcomes, rather than just possibilities and possible solutions. The
implementation of such programs at those schools deals exclusively with nutrition and
obesity, which is much like the current research being done in schools across the U.S.

6. The special features of this work include the formatting and organization because it
was laid out chronologically to go step by step in its methods, all the way until it reached
its conclusion.
7. There is clearly bias in the introduction of the work, such as when the author states that
the result [of the experiments] revealed a paradox: cooperation by parents, teachers,
administrators, and children was very good. Clear bias is dispersed throughout the article,
which is why it's crucial to further research more into the experiments in case they are
slightly manipulated to conform to the conclusion.
1.List

the completed bibliographical citation:Plaza, C. I. (2004, September). State's

public health initiatives address nutrition, obesity, and physical education: over
the past three years, the media, food and beverage industry, public health
advocates, and federal and state policymakers have devoted significant attention
to the growing American obesity epidemic. Healthcare Financial Management,
58(9), 16+. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com/

2.The

main purpose of the work is to inform readers the shocking increase of obesity

among children and teenagers in order to stress the idea that addressing obesity now is
pivotal to their future. Taking on preventative measures in schools is the only current
solution, before those children move up to their adult years, where it's much harder for
them to make a difference in their lifestyles.
3.The

content of the work describes at first how in a span of twenty years, from 1980 to

2000, there was a double in the amount of children who are overweight, and for
teenagers there was a triple in the amount. That, along with other statistics, prove how
important it is to teach children now, before they grow older, to change their eating
habits. As a result, new regulations were implemented by local school boards, to restrict

the selling of items in vending machines and school stores. There has also been
regulations on school lunches and snacks, because they must meet the requirements that
are stated by the law. If there is such prevention now, the article states that obesity rates
and numbers will successfully decline and bring about a healthier future for students.
4.The

possible audience for this work is just about any person involved on school issues,

especially once again parents because they are especially concerned for their childs
overall health.
5.The

relevance of this information corresponds to the topic of nutrition and obesity as a

whole because it not only points out the main factors contributing to obesity among
children but it executed a similar plan, we have in many schools not the U.S., on how to
progressively solve the issue of malnutrition.
6.The

special characteristics of the article include its carefully detailed plan that is being

executed in a majority of schools across the United States at this current period. It offers
the results of the adopted policies to show their effectiveness, which helps its readers
determine if the regulations were successful.
7.There are

a few weaknesses in the article, such as the lack of the abstract tile, therefore

its format did have some defects. However, there was no bias that I could find, but that is
mainly attributed to the fact that it was mainly listing and briefly explaining solutions for
improving health issues widely common in schools.