Perfect Tense

A type of tense that indicates the completion of action. In English, the perfect
tenses are formed by using "to have" followed by the past participle. In Spanish, the
perfect tenses are formed by using haber followed by the past participle.
Perfect tenses shared by the two languages are all in the indicative mood: the present
perfect (I have seen, he visto), past perfect (I had seen, habavisto), future perfect (I
will have seen, habrvisto) and conditional perfect (I would have seen, habravisto).
The past perfect is also known as the pluperfect.
Spanish also has a preterite perfect tense that can refer to past events (hubevisto), but
it is seldom used in modern Spanish. In addition, Spanish has two perfect subjunctive
forms, the present perfect (quehayavisto) and the past perfect (quehubieravisto).
How do we use the Present Perfect Tense? This tense is called the Present Perfect
tense. There is always a connection with the past and with the present
Verbal sentence:
(+) S+HAVE/HAS+V III
(-) S+HAVE/HAS NOT+V III
(?) S+HAVE/HAS+S+V III?
Example:
1.

(+) we have lived here for 4 years

(-) We havent lived here for 4 years
(?) Have we lived here for 4 years?
Yes, we have/No, we havent

2.

(+) I have studied biology for several minute ago

(-) I havent studied biology for several minute ago

(?) Have you studied biology for several minute ago?

Yes, I have/No, I havent
3.

(+) I have cleaned my bedroom for several minute

(-) I have cleaned my bedroom for several minute
(?) Have you cleaned your bedroom for several minute?
Yes, I have/No, havent

4.

(+) He has readied a book for four minute

(-) He hasnt readied a book for four minute
(?) Has he readied a book for four minute?
Yes, he has/No, he hasnt

5.

(+) she has adjusted television

(-) She has not adjusted television
(?) Has she adjusted television?
Yes, she has/No, she hasnt

Nominal sentence:
(+) S+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
(-) S+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
(?) HVE/HAS+S+BEEN+(NOUN,ADJ,ADV)
Example:
1.

(+) she has been beautiful since she was child

(-) She has not been beautiful since she was child
(?) Has she beautiful since she was child?
Yes, she has/No, she hasnt
2.

(+) He has been healthy since a week ago

(-) He hasnt been healthy since a week ago
(?) Has he been healthy since a week ago?
Yes, he has/No, he hasnt

3.

(+) she has written the letter

(-) She hasnt written the letter
(?) Has she written the letter?
Yes, she has/No, she hasnt

4.

(+) she has been fat since she was child

(-) she has not been fat since she was child
(?) Has she been fat since she was child?
Yes, she has/No, she hasnt

5.

(+) I have been a doctor for 15 years

(-) I havent been a doctor for 15 years
(?) Have you been a doctor for 15 years?
Yes, I have/No, I havent

Perfect Tenses

The three perfect tenses in English are the three verb tenses which show action
already completed. (The word perfect literally means "made complete" or
"completely done.")
They are formed by the appropriate tense of the verb to have plus the past participle
of the verb.
Present Perfect: I have seen it.
(Present tense of to have plus participle. Action is completed with respect to the
present.)
Past Perfect: I had seen it.
(Past tense of to have plus participle. Action is completed with respect to the past.)
Future Perfect: I will have seen it.
(Future tense of to have plus participle. Action is completed with respect to the
future.)
Some authorities consider the passive voice of certain verbs that are always
intransitive to be the perfect tense also.
Example: They are gone.
Example: He is risen.
Adverb of time :
since... = sejak
since yesterday = sejakkemarin
since two days ago = sejakduahari yang lalu
since last week = sejakminggulalu
for... = selama
for three days = selamatigahari
for two years = selamaduatahun

perfect tense Past

It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago)
and action which has occurred in past before another action in past.

For example,
I had lived in America. (The sense of time in this sentence refers to a completed
action in past and especially a long time ago)
The students had gone before the teacher came. (The first part of sentence The
student has gone is sentence of past perfect tense, it says about an action which
occurred before another action in past which is the teacher came. The second part
the teacher came is sentence of past simple tense. So such a sentence which express
an action in past before another action in past comprises two parts where the first part
of sentence is past perfect tense)
Rules. Auxiliary verb had is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past participle) is
used as main verb in sentence

Structure of sentence.
Positive sentence
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
Subject + had + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples.
He had taken the exam last year
A thief had stolen my watch.
Negative sentence
Subject + auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + object
Subject + had + not + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Not is written after auxiliary verb in negative sentence.
Examples.
He had not taken the exam last year
A thief had not stolen my watch.
Interrogative sentence
Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (past participle) + object
Had + subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb had
Examples.

Had he taken the exam last year

Had a thief stolen my watch?

More Examples
Positive sentences
They had visited a doctor.
He had slept.
I had finished my work last year.
It had rained heavily last month.
The film had started before we reached cinema.
Negative sentences
They had not visited a doctor.
He had not slept.
I had not finished my work last year.
It had not rained heavily last month.
The film had not started before we reached cinema.
Interrogative sentences
Had they visited a doctor?
Had he slept?
Had I finished my work last year?
Had it rained heavily last month?
Had the film started before we reached cinema.

Present Perfect Tense

It is used to expressed an action which happened or completed in past but usually the
action which happened or completed at a short time before now (near past) not a very
long time before now. Specific time such as two years ago, last week or that day is
usually not used in the sentences of in this tense. It means that this tense expresses the
action whose time when it happened, is not exactly specified but it sounds to refer to
some action that happened or completed in near past.
Rules: Auxiliary verb has or have is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb (past
participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of Sentence

Positive Sentence
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + Subject
Subject + has/have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
If the subject is He, She, It, singular or proper name then auxiliary verb has is
used after subject in sentence.
If subject is You, They or plural then auxiliary verb have is used after subject in
sentence.
Examples
I have eaten meal
She has learnt a lesson
Negative Sentence
Subject + Auxiliary verb + NOT + main verb (past participle) + Subject
Subject + has/have + NOT + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
Rules for using auxiliary verb has or have in negative sentence are same as
mentioned above.
Examples
I have not eaten meal.
She has not learnt a lesson.
Interrogative Sentences
Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb (past participle) + Subject
Has/have + Subject + 3rd form of verb or past participle + subject
Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb. If the subject is He, She, It, singular
or proper name then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb has.
If subject is You, They or plural then the sentence starts with auxiliary verb have.
Examples
Have I eaten meal?
Has she learnt a lesson?

More Examples.
Positive Sentences
They have gone to school.
They have bought a new car.
I have started a job

It has rained.
The guests have arrived
John has left for home.
You have told a lie.
Negative Sentences
They have not gone to school.
They have not bought a new car.
I have not started a job
It has not rained.
The guests have not arrived.
John has not left for home.
You have not told a lie.
Negative Sentences
Have they gone to school?
Have they bought a new car?
Have I started a job?
Has it rained?
Have the guests arrived?
Has John left for home?
Have you told a lie?

Future Perfect tense

It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be
completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur
in future. For example, John will have gone tomorrow. It shows a sense of
completion of an action (go) which will occur in future (tomorrow).
Rules. Auxiliary verb will have is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb or past
participle form of verb is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence
Positive sentence
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
Subject + will have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
You will have started a job.

Negative sentence
Subject + Not between auxiliary verbs + main verb (past participle) + object
Subject + will not have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
You will not have started a job.
Interrogative sentence
Auxiliary verb + Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
Will + Subject +have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object
Examples
Will she have finished the work by Wednesday?
Will I have left for home by the time he gets up?
Will you have started a job?

More Examples
Positive sentences
He will have finished his work.
You will have made a new chair.
She will have decorated her home.
I will have bought a computer.
They will have shifted to a new home.
Students will have passed the examination.
Negative sentences
He will not have finished his work.
You will not have made a new chair.
She will not have decorated her home.
I will not have bought a computer.
They will not have shifted to a new home.
Students will not have passed the examination.
Interrogative sentences
Will he have finished his work?
Will you have made a new chair?
Will she have decorated her home?
Will I have bought a computer?

Will they have shifted to a new home?

Will students have passed the examination?

THE PAPER ENGLISH LENGUAGE

PERFECT TENSE

Compiled by:
1.SISCO MONITA

(222016202)

2.MSY LUTHFIAH STKHO

(222016203)

3.NIA OKTAVIANI

(222016204)

DOSEN PENGASUH : ASTI GUMARTIFA

JURUSAN AKUNTANSI FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMADIYAH PALEMBANG

2016