E-Mail: mh-imam@mans.edu.eg
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Abstract:
This paper aims to evaluate the improvement of load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips. Sixteen reinforced concrete beams with a cross section of 120x200
mm and a total length of 2300 mm, were fabricated, strengthened, and loaded up to failure. The results showed that
the externally bonded CFRP strips increase the flexural and shear capacities of reinforced concrete beams. For
example, the flexural capacity of strengthened beams increased by 12-40%, while the shear capacity increased by
10.5-52.6%. The stiffness enhancement varied from 10 to 79% depending on the applied strengthening mode. A
reduction in deflection for all strengthened beams was observed and recorded.
1. Introduction
presented
is
the
use
of
non-metallic
polymers
competitive
complex shapes.
(FRP)
which
alternative
appear
material
as
[5-8].
2. Objectives
The
paper
(CFRP) fabrics.
steel area.
3. Experimental Investigation
this
during
in
collapse
presented
resist
work
events.
respectively
were
while
other
groups
3.2 Materials
of
concrete
was
measured
by
fresh
was
4. Strengthening Modes
BF1-2.
system.
system.
be defined as:
5. Strengthening Procedures
as follows:
specimen
was
supplied
with
internal
recommendations.
roller.
to manufacturer's recommendations.
6. Test Procedure
7. Test Results
All specimens were tested as simple beams
with clear span of 2000 mm using a four-
strengthening
respectively.
In
flexural
groups,
each
mode
and
ratio.
The
of
the
control
beams.
The
stiffness
(=1.1%),
the
enhancement
of
beam
Fig. (8).
shown
in
Table
(4).
The
stiffness
8. Conclusions
The most notable conclusions from this
study are given as follows:
References
1. Abdel-Hady Hosny, and Ezzeldin Ahmed,
"Use of FRP in concrete beams strengthening",
International workshop on structural composites
for infrastructures application, May 14-16,
2001, Cairo - Egypt, PP. 128-130.
2. ACI Committee 440 "FRP reinforcement for
concrete structure", American concrete institute,
Farmington Hills, Mich., 1996, PP. 16 25.
3. N. Grace, G. A. Sayed "Strengthening R.C.
beams using FRP laminates" ACI structural
Journal, Vol. 96, September-October 1999,
PP. 865 - 874.
4. Peter Emmons, Gajanan sabins "New
Strengthening Technology Development"
Structural Engineering Journal, February 1999,
PP. 102 -106.
5. Amr Elnashai "evaluation of strengthened
RC buildings" Proceedings of seminar on the
use of FRP in civil engineering, December
1522, 2002, Cairo- Egypt. PP. 260 266.
6. Amr Salama, and Sherif Abdel Naby, "The
use of FRP in structural elements" International
workshop on structural composites for
infrastructures application, May14 -16, 2000,
Cairo-Egypt, PP. 165-180.
7. Luc. R. Taerwe, and Stijn mathys "FRP
concrete structures in Europe", Concrete
Shear Strengthening
FLexural Strengthening
Mode
Group Beam = AS %
No.
No.
AC
II
III
IV
Af
AS
a/d
Strengthening modes
BF1-1
BF1-2
BF1-3
BF1-4
BF2-1
BF2-2
BF2-3
BF2-4
BS1-1
BS1-2
BS1-3
BS1-4
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
1.97
0.0
7.0
14.0
14.0
0.0
7.0
7.0
14.0
-
4.55
4.55
4.55
4.55
4.55
4.55
4.55
4.55
3.33
3.33
3.33
3.33
BS2-1
BS2-2
BS2-3
BS2-4
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.12
2.42
2.42
2.42
2.42
10
CL
= 1.1%
BF1-2
690
60
200
120
250
150
1000
CL
B
= 1.1%
BF1-3
A
200
120
B
60
250
150
B
= 1.1%
BF1-4
B
250
200
120
150
Sec. A-A
1000
CL
= 1.97%
CL
60
250
200
120
Sec. A-A
150
= 1.97%
60
250
120
150
= 1.97%
Sec. A-A
120
Sec. B-B
120
Sec. A-A
120
Sec. B-B
BF2690
120
Sec. B-B
200
1000
Sec. B-B
BF2-3
690
120
BF2-
690
1000
120
1000
CL
120
60
250
1000
150
200
11
CL
BS1-2
200
60 100 60 100 60
445
1000
175
150
120
Sec. A-A
CL
BS1-3
200
60 100 60 100 60
445
1000
175
150
120
Sec. A-A
CL
BS1-4
200
60 100 60 100 60
445
1000
175
150
120
Sec. A-A
CL
BS2-2
200
300
80 80 80 80 80
1000
300
150
120
Sec. A-A
CL
BS2-3
200
300
80 80 80 80 80
1000
300
150
120
CL
Sec. A-A
BS2-4
200
500
200
1000
300
150
120
Sec. A-A
12
Table (2) Failure Load and Failure Mechanism of Beams in Flexural Groups.
Beam
Number
Strengthening
Mode
Cracking Failure
Load
Load kN Load kN Enhancement
BF1-1
Control beam
30
50
Control
BF1-2
35
60
20%
BF1-3
40
68
36%
BF1-4
55
70
40%
BF2-1
Control beam
45
76
Control
BF2-2
60
85
12%
BF2-3
75
88
16%
BF2-4
80
100
31.6%
13
Failure Mechanism
Yielding of tension steel
followed by concrete crushing.
Yielding of tension steel
followed by CFRP rupture.
Tension steel yielding followed by
rupture of CFRP and concrete
cover.
Crushing of concrete in compression
zone associated with steel yielding
and CFRP rupture at midspan
Yielding of tension steel
followed by concrete crushing.
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone and debonding of
CFRP sheet and concrete cover.
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone with yielding of
steel and CFRP rupture at midspan.
Crushing of concrete with steel
yielding and CFRP rupture at
midspan .
BF21
BF11
BF12
BF22
BF13
BF23
BF14
BF24
14
Load (kN)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
P/2
P/2
BF1-1
10
75
50
75
BF1-2
12
BF1-4
BF1-3
Load (kN)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
2
4
6
8
P/2
P/2
BF2-1
10
75
50
BF2-4
BF2-2
BF2-3
75
12
15
70
60
= 1.1%
= 1.97%
50
40
30
20
10
0
BF1-2 BF1-3 BF1-4
Table (3) Failure Load and Failure Mechanism of Beams in Shear Group.
Beam
Number
BS1-1
BS1-2
BS1-3
BS1-4
BS2-1
BS2-2
BS2-3
BS2-4
Strengthening Mode
Reference (without
strengthening)
Three vertical U-shape
single layer
Three vertical U-shape
double layers
Three vertical side strips
double layers
Reference (without
strengthening)
Three inclined side strips
single layer
Three inclined side strips
double layers
One vertical side strip
double layers
Failure
Load kN
Load
Enhancement
90.0
Control
102.0
13.3%
112.0
24.4%
105.0
16.6%
Shear failure
95.0
Control
Shear failure
125.0
31.6%
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone
145.0
52.6%
Shear failure
105.0
10.5%
Failure Mechanism
Shear failure
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone
Crushing of concrete in
compression zone
16
BS21
BS22
BS12
BS23
BS13
BS24
BS14
17
Load (kN)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
2
4
6
8
P/2
10
55
90
BS1-3
BS1-1
P/2
55
BS1-2
BS1-4
12
Load (kN)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
2
4
6
8
P/2
P/2
BS2-1
10
40
120
40
BS2-2
BS2-3
BS2-4
12
18
a
d
3.33
3.33
3.33
3.33
2.42
2.42
2.42
2.42
Failure
Load kN
90.0
102.0
112.0
105.0
95.0
125.0
145.0
105.0
Load at = 5mm
kN
53
63
62
56
55
60
70
59
*********
19
Stiffness
Enhancement %
Control Beam
18.87
16.9
5.7
Control Beam
9
27.3
7.3