INFORME N1
ESFUERZOS INDUCIDOS SOBRE UNA EXCAVACIN
USANDO PHASE2
Curso:
MECNICA DE ROCAS II
Profesor:
Seccin:
Apellido
Paterno
Apellido
Materno
Nombres
DAMASCO
CORMULLUNI
JOSAFAT JOSUE
Fecha de presentacin:
Cdigo
2012 - 36994
08/06/2016
CONTENIDO
RESUMEN........................................................................................................................2
OBJETIVOS......................................................................................................................3
MARCO TEORICO..........................................................................................................4
PROCEDIMIENTO Y RESULTADOS.............................................................................7
CONCLUSIONES...........................................................................................................35
BIBLIOGRAFA............................................................................................................36
RESUMEN
OBJETIVOS
OBJETIVO GENERAL
Disear
una
excavacin
(tnel)
aplicando
un
tipo
de
MARCO TEORICO
Esfuerzos inducidos por la excavacin subterrnea
Al abrirse un orificio en el subsuelo por una excavacin subterrnea, los materiales que
anteriormente estaban confinados, se ven de pronto liberados siguiendo trayectorias
convergentes hacia el centroide del rea trasversal de la zona excavada (Szchy, 1970),
impulsados por el estado inicial de esfuerzos que los rodea.
Por la geometra convergente del movimiento generado, el techo de la excavacin trata
de definir un mecanismo natural de estabilidad, el cual se asemeja a la configuracin de
un arco (Bello, 1977), (Chunlin, 2006); especialmente cuando la masa rocosa es
uniforme, esto es, cuando tiene el mismo nmero de fisuras y fracturas por unidad de
volumen.
La redistribucin de los esfuerzos principales puede predecirse con la aplicacin de la
teora de la elasticidad alrededor de una abertura formada en un slido sujeto a la accin
de un campo de esfuerzos unidireccionales. En este nuevo campo de esfuerzos la roca
en su estado parcialmente desconfinada, es incapaz de resistir el incremento de
esfuerzos generados por la excavacin. Estos esfuerzos son los de inters para el diseo
de elementos de soporte.
Para el diseo de una excavacin subterrnea, los mtodos que existen en la literatura
tcnica, conducen a determinar el valor de una presin para ser aplicada al sistema de
soporte que debe ser utilizado.
MINERIA SUBTERRANEA
Una mina subterrnea es aquella explotacin de recursos mineros que se desarrolla por
debajo de la superficie del terreno. Para la minera subterrnea se hace necesario la
realizacin de tneles, pozos, chimeneas y galeras, as como cmaras. Los mtodos ms
empleados son mediante tneles y pilares, hundimientos, corte y relleno (cut and fill
mining), realce por subniveles (Sublevel Stopping) y cmaras-almacn (Shrinkage).
PRINCIPALES METODOS DE EXPLOTACION SUBTERRANEA:
La forma de extraccin del mineral y el tratamiento del hueco creado son los factores
que definen, de alguna manera, el mtodo de explotacin, pudiendo
distinguirse tres grandes grupos:
SOSTENIMIENTO DE LOS HUECOS CON MACIZOS
de
Hoek-Brown.
Los
modelos
de
inclinacin
pueden
ser
PROCEDIMIENTO Y RESULTADOS
Nuestros datos proporcionados y que usaremos en el software son los siguientes:
Caractersticas de la roca:
Roca
: Lutita de color marrn
Pe
: 0.024 MN/m3
Young
: 1581 MPa
Poisson
: 0.30
Criterios de Falla
: Mohr, Coulomb
Esfuerzo de Tensin
: 0.018 MPa
Cohesin (c)
: 0.309 MPa
Cohesin Residual
:0.309 MPa
Angulo de Friccin
: 33
Angulo de Friccin Residual : 25
Shotcrete
Young
Poisson
Pernos de Anclaje
Young
Carga de Diseo
Carga Residual
Separacin Sobre el eje del Tnel
Separacin sobre el Permetro de la Seccin
: 0.90 (m)
: 15000 MPa
: 0.18
: 38 mm
: 200000 MPa
: 0.10 MN
: 0.01MN
: 1m
: 1m
en la parte
LA SECCIONES DE
LOS TUNELES HA
SIDO CREADA
.
El limite tipo
caja ha sido
creado
PASO
3: DESCRITIZAMOS
En este paso elegimos la opcin MESH, y finalmente clic en DISCRITIZE
PASO 4: EMPEZAMOS A CREAR MALLA DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS
Para crear esta malla , vamos a la opcin MESH, se despliega una ventana y se
elige opcin MESH, finalmente se crea una malla como muestra la figura:
PASO 8: COMPUTAMOS
Antes de interpretar nuestro trabajo, debemos de computar, haciendo clic en
COMPUTE, un icono de color verde, se elige guardar el proyecto.
PASO 9: INTERPRETAR
En esta parte vamos al icono INTERPRET, y al final nos aparecer la imagen
terminada
Se nos muestra otra ventana mostrndonos las grficas requeridas, en nuestro
caso analizaremos solo Sigma 1, Sigma 3, Factor de Seguridad y el Diagrama de
Flechas. Las grficas que nos puede dar el software Phase2 son las siguientes:
SIGMA 1
SIGMA 3
SIGMA Z
FACTOR DE SEGURIDAD
SIGMA 1
SIGMA 3
DESPLAZAMIENTO TOTAL
Estos grficos se pueden analizar tambin de forma textual mediante los siguientes
pasos: Dar clic en File de la barra de men para luego dar clic en Info Viewer.
La informacin es la siguiente:
Project Settings
General
Project Title: SOSTENIMIENTO CON PERNOS DE ANCLAJE Y SHOTCRETE
Author: JOSAFAT JOSUE DAMASCO CORMILLUNI
Company: UNJBG - FAIN/ESMI
Single stage model
Analysis Type: Plane Strain
Solver Type: Gaussian Elimination
Units: Metric, stress as MPa
Stress Analysis
Maximum Number of Iterations: 1000
Tolerance: 0.001
Number of Load Steps: Automatic
Convergence Type: Absolute Energy
Tensile Failure: Reduces Shear Strength
Groundwater
Method: Piezometric Lines
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 0.009 MN/m3
Field Stress
Mesh
Mesh type: graded
Element type: 3 noded triangles
Number of elements: 1235
Number of nodes: 693
Mesh Quality
All elements are of good quality
Poor quality elements are those with:
(maximum side length) / (minimum side length) > 10.00
Minimum interior angle < 20.0 degrees
Maximum interior angle > 120.0 degrees
Material Properties
Material: Lutita
Initial element loading: field stress & body force
Unit weight: 0.024 MN/m3
Elastic type: isotropic
Young's modulus: 1581 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.3
Failure criterion: Mohr-Coulomb
Tensile strength: 0.018 MPa
Peak friction angle: 33 degrees
Peak cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Material type: Plastic
Dilation Angle: 0 degrees
Residual Friction Angle: 35 degrees
Residual Cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Piezo to use: None
Ru value: 0
Liner Properties
Liner: SHOTCRETE
Liner Type: Beam
Formulation: timoshenko
Geometry:
Thickness: 0.009 m
Elastic properties:
Young's modulus: 15000 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.18
Bolt Properties
Bolt name: PERNO DE ANCLAJE
List of All
Coordinates
Excavation boundary
-5.000
0.000
5.000
0.000
5.000
10.000
4.938
10.782
4.755
11.545
4.455
12.270
4.045
12.939
3.536
13.536
2.939
14.045
2.270
14.455
1.545
14.755
0.782
14.938
0.000
15.000
-0.782
14.938
-1.545
14.755
-2.270
14.455
-2.939
14.045
-3.536
13.536
-4.045
12.939
-4.455
12.270
-4.755
11.545
-4.938
10.782
-5.000
10.000
External boundary
35.000
-30.000
35.000
45.000
-35.000
45.000
-35.000
-30.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
2.000
2.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
3.000
3.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
4.000
4.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
5.000
5.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
0.000
0.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
6.000
6.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
1.000
1.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
7.000
7.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
2.000
2.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
3.000
3.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
4.000
4.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
5.000
5.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
6.000
6.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
7.000
7.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
8.000
8.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
9.000
9.000
Bolt
-5.000
-7.000
10.000
10.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
Bolt
5.000
7.000
Bolt
4.888
6.833
Bolt
4.590
6.438
Bolt
4.117
5.823
Bolt
3.477
4.776
Bolt
2.690
3.735
8.000
8.000
9.000
9.000
10.000
10.000
10.992
11.459
11.943
12.708
12.821
13.866
13.586
15.106
14.198
15.903
COMPUTAMOS E INTEPRETAMOS.
EL DESPLAZAMIENTO TOTAL NOS QUEDA DE LA SIGUIENTE FORMA.
Project Settings
General
Project Title: SOSTENIMIENTO CON PERNOS DE ANCLAJE Y SHOTCRETE
Analysis: VETAS
Author: JOSAFATA JOSUE DAMASCO CORMILLUNI
Company: UNJBG - FAIN/ESMI
Single stage model
Analysis Type: Plane Strain
Solver Type: Gaussian Elimination
Units: Metric, stress as MPa
Stress Analysis
Maximum Number of Iterations: 1000
Tolerance: 0.001
Number of Load Steps: Automatic
Convergence Type: Absolute Energy
Tensile Failure: Reduces Shear Strength
Groundwater
Method: Piezometric Lines
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 0.009 MN/m3
Field Stress
Field stress: constant
Sigma one: 150 MPa (compression positive)
Sigma three: 10 MPa (compression positive)
Sigma Z: 10 MPa (compression positive)
Angle from the horizontal to sigma 1: 25 degrees (counter-clockwise)
Mesh
Mesh type: graded
Element type: 3 noded triangles
Number of elements: 581
Number of nodes: 343
Mesh Quality
1 of 866 Elements ( 0.1 % of elements) are poor quality elements
0 of 866 Elements ( 0.0 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the side length
ratio
0 of 866 Elements ( 0.0 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the minimum
interior angle
1 of 866 Elements ( 0.1 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the maximum
interior angle
(elements can be of poor quality for more than one reason)
Mesh Quality Statistics
The worst element has (ratio = 2.15), (min angle = 27.04) (max angle = 121.65)
10.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.7), (min angles < 34.9) (max angles > 89.5)
20.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.6), (min angles < 38.3) (max angles > 83.2)
30.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.5), (min angles < 41.0) (max angles > 79.5)
40.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.4), (min angles < 44.0) (max angles > 76.8)
50.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.3), (min angles < 46.0) (max angles > 74.5)
60.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.3), (min angles < 48.0) (max angles > 72.9)
70.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.2), (min angles < 49.4) (max angles > 70.9)
80.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.2), (min angles < 51.3) (max angles > 69.1)
90.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.2), (min angles < 53.0) (max angles > 66.7)
100.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.1), (min angles < 54.9) (max angles > 64.7)
Poor quality elements are those with:
(maximum side length) / (minimum side length) > 10.00
Minimum interior angle < 20.0 degrees
Maximum interior angle > 120.0 degrees
Material Properties
Material: LUTITA
Initial element loading: field stress & body force
Unit weight: 0.024 MN/m3
Elastic type: isotropic
Young's modulus: 1581 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.3
Failure criterion: Mohr-Coulomb
Tensile strength: 0.019 MPa
Peak friction angle: 33 degrees
Peak cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Material type: Plastic
Dilation Angle: 0 degrees
Residual Friction Angle: 35 degrees
Residual Cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Piezo to use: None
Ru value: 0
Liner Properties
Liner: SHOTCRETE
Liner Type: Beam
Formulation: timoshenko
Geometry:
Thickness: 0.009 m
Elastic properties:
Young's modulus: 15000 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.18
Bolt Properties
Bolt name: PERNOS DE NACLAJE
End anchored bolt
diameter: 38 mm
Young's modulus: 200000 MPa
Tensile capacity: 0.1 MN
Residual Tensile capacity: 0.01 MN
Pre-tensioning: 0 MN
Pre-tensioning force constant in install stage
Out-of-plane spacing: 1 m
List of All Coordinates
Excavation boundary
0.000 20.000
20.00020.000
35.00080.000
15.00080.000
External boundary
70.000-15.000
70.000115.000
43.750115.000
23.750115.000
-35.000
115.000
-35.000
15.000
-8.750 -15.000
11.250 -15.000
Stage boundary
0.000 20.000
-8.750 -15.000
Stage boundary
20.00020.000
11.250 -15.000
Stage boundary
35.00080.000
43.750115.000
Stage boundary
15.00080.000
23.750115.000
Bolt
0.728 22.910
-1.213 23.395
Bolt
0.970 23.881
-0.970 24.366
Bolt
1.213 24.851
-0.728 25.336
Bolt
1.455 25.821
-0.485 26.306
Bolt
1.698 26.791
-0.243 27.276
Bolt
1.940 27.761
0.000 28.246
Bolt
2.183 28.731
0.243 29.216
Bolt
2.425 29.701
0.485 30.186
Bolt
2.668 30.672
0.728 31.157
Bolt
2.910 31.642
0.970 32.127
Bolt
3.153 32.612
1.213 33.097
Bolt
3.395 33.582
1.455 34.067
Bolt
3.638 34.552
1.698 35.037
Bolt
3.881 35.522
1.940 36.007
Bolt
4.123 36.492
2.183 36.977
Bolt
4.366 37.463
2.425 37.948
Bolt
4.608 38.433
2.668 38.918
Bolt
4.851 39.403
2.910 39.888
Bolt
5.093 40.373
3.153 40.858
Bolt
5.336 41.343
3.395 41.828
Bolt
5.578 42.313
3.638 42.798
Bolt
5.821 43.283
3.881 43.768
Bolt
6.063 44.254
4.123 44.739
Bolt
6.306 45.224
4.366 45.709
Bolt
6.548 46.194
4.608 46.679
Bolt
6.791 47.164
4.851 47.649
Bolt
7.034 48.134
5.093 48.619
Bolt
7.276 49.104
5.336 49.589
Bolt
7.519 50.074
5.578 50.559
Bolt
7.761 51.045
5.821 51.530
Bolt
8.004 52.015
6.063 52.500
Bolt
8.246 52.985
6.306 53.470
Bolt
8.489 53.955
6.548 54.440
Bolt
8.731 54.925
6.791 55.410
Bolt
8.974 55.895
7.034 56.380
Bolt
9.216 56.865
7.276 57.350
Bolt
9.459 57.836
7.519 58.321
Bolt
9.701 58.806
7.761 59.291
Bolt
9.944 59.776
8.004 60.261
Bolt
10.18660.746
8.246 61.231
Bolt
10.42961.716
8.489 62.201
Bolt
10.67262.686
8.731 63.171
Bolt
10.91463.656
8.974 64.141
12.12768.507
10.18668.992
Bolt
12.36969.477
10.42969.962
Bolt
12.61270.447
10.67270.932
Bolt
12.85471.418
10.91471.903
Bolt
13.09772.388
11.157 72.873
Bolt
13.33973.358
11.399 73.843
Bolt
13.58274.328
11.642 74.813
Bolt
21.94027.761
23.88127.276
Bolt
22.18328.731
24.12328.246
Bolt
22.42529.701
24.36629.216
Bolt
22.66830.672
24.60830.186
Bolt
22.91031.642
24.85131.157
Bolt
23.15332.612
25.09332.127
Bolt
23.39533.582
25.336
33.097
Bolt
11.157 64.627
9.216 65.112
Bolt
23.63834.552
25.57834.067
Bolt
11.399 65.597
9.459 66.082
Bolt
23.88135.522
25.82135.037
Bolt
11.642 66.567
9.701 67.052
Bolt
24.12336.492
26.06336.007
Bolt
11.884 67.537
9.944 68.022
Bolt
24.36637.463
26.30636.977
Bolt
Bolt
24.60838.433
26.54837.948
Bolt
24.85139.403
26.79138.918
Bolt
25.09340.373
27.03439.888
Bolt
25.33641.343
27.27640.858
Bolt
25.57842.313
27.51941.828
Bolt
25.82143.283
27.76142.798
Bolt
26.06344.254
28.00443.768
Bolt
26.30645.224
28.24644.739
Bolt
26.54846.194
28.48945.709
Bolt
26.79147.164
28.73146.679
Bolt
27.03448.134
28.97447.649
Bolt
27.27649.104
29.21648.619
Bolt
27.51950.074
29.45949.589
Bolt
27.76151.045
29.70150.559
Bolt
28.00452.015
29.94451.530
Bolt
28.24652.985
30.18652.500
Bolt
28.48953.955
30.42953.470
Bolt
28.73154.925
30.67254.440
Bolt
28.97455.895
30.91455.410
Bolt
29.21656.865
31.15756.380
Bolt
29.45957.836
31.39957.350
Bolt
29.70158.806
31.64258.321
Bolt
29.94459.776
31.88459.291
Bolt
30.18660.746
32.12760.261
Bolt
30.42961.716
32.36961.231
Bolt
30.67262.686
32.61262.201
Bolt
30.91463.656
32.85463.171
Bolt
31.15764.627
33.09764.141
Bolt
31.39965.597
33.33965.112
Bolt
31.64266.567
33.58266.082
Bolt
31.88467.537
33.82567.052
Bolt
32.12768.507
34.06768.022
Bolt
32.36969.477
34.31068.992
Bolt
32.61270.447
34.55269.962
Bolt
32.85471.418
34.79570.932
Bolt
33.09772.388
35.03771.903
Bolt
33.33973.358
35.28072.873
SEGUIDAMENTE
COMPUTAMOS
E
INTERPRETAMOS,
DESPLAZAMIENTO TOTAL NOS QUEDA DE LA SIGUIENTE FORMA.
EL
Project Settings
General
Project Title: SOSTENIMIENTO CON PERNOS DE ANCLAJE Y SHOTCRETE
Analysis: TUNEL
Author: JOSAFATA JOSUE DAMASCO CORMILLUNI
Company: UNJBG - FAIN/ESMI
Single stage model
Analysis Type: Plane Strain
Solver Type: Gaussian Elimination
Units: Metric, stress as MPa
Stress Analysis
Maximum Number of Iterations: 1000
Tolerance: 0.001
Number of Load Steps: Automatic
Convergence Type: Absolute Energy
Tensile Failure: Reduces Shear Strength
Groundwater
Method: Piezometric Lines
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 0.009 MN/m3
Field Stress
Field stress: constant
Sigma one: 150 MPa (compression positive)
Sigma three: 10 MPa (compression positive)
Sigma Z: 10 MPa (compression positive)
Mesh
Mesh type: graded
Element type: 3 noded triangles
Number of elements: 838
Number of nodes: 474
Mesh Quality
2 of 1246 Elements ( 0.2 % of elements) are poor quality elements
0 of 1246 Elements ( 0.0 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the side length
ratio
0 of 1246 Elements ( 0.0 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the minimum
interior angle
2 of 1246 Elements ( 0.2 % of elements) are poor quality elements because of the maximum
interior angle
(elements can be of poor quality for more than one reason)
Mesh Quality Statistics
The worst element has (ratio = 2.23), (min angle = 25.95) (max angle = 123.23)
10.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.7), (min angles < 35.7) (max angles > 89.0)
20.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.6), (min angles < 38.8) (max angles > 83.6)
30.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.5), (min angles < 41.6) (max angles > 80.3)
40.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.4), (min angles < 43.5) (max angles > 78.0)
50.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.4), (min angles < 45.8) (max angles > 75.7)
60.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.3), (min angles < 47.7) (max angles > 73.3)
70.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.3), (min angles < 49.5) (max angles > 70.9)
80.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.2), (min angles < 51.1) (max angles > 68.8)
90.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.2), (min angles < 52.8) (max angles > 66.7)
100.0% of elements have: (ratios > 1.1), (min angles < 55.3) (max angles > 64.5)
Poor quality elements are those with:
(maximum side length) / (minimum side length) > 10.00
Minimum interior angle < 20.0 degrees
Maximum interior angle > 120.0 degrees
Material Properties
Material: LUTITA
Initial element loading: field stress & body force
Unit weight: 0.024 MN/m3
Elastic type: isotropic
Young's modulus: 1581 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.3
Failure criterion: Mohr-Coulomb
Tensile strength: 0.018 MPa
Peak friction angle: 33 degrees
Peak cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Material type: Plastic
Dilation Angle: 0 degrees
Residual Friction Angle: 35 degrees
Residual Cohesion: 0.309 MPa
Piezo to use: None
Ru value: 0
Liner Properties
Liner: SHOTCRETE
Liner Type: Beam
Formulation: timoshenko
Geometry:
Thickness: 0.009 m
Elastic properties:
Young's modulus: 15000 MPa
Poisson's ratio: 0.18
Bolt Properties
Bolt name: PERNOS DE ANCLAJE
End anchored bolt
diameter: 38 mm
Young's modulus: 200000 MPa
Tensile capacity: 0.1 MN
Residual Tensile capacity: 0.01 MN
Pre-tensioning: 0 MN
Pre-tensioning force constant in install stage
Out-of-plane spacing: 1 m
6.768
6.469
6.135
5.773
5.391
5.000
9.268
9.523
9.728
9.878
9.969
10.000
External boundary
15.607
7.500
13.581
13.734
8.278
17.587
1.722
17.587
-3.581
13.734
-5.607
7.500
-3.581
1.266
1.722
-2.587
8.278
-2.587
13.581
1.266
Bolt
7.228
9.075
6.365
5.600
Bolt
7.486
9.480
7.324
7.167
Bolt
7.363
9.211
8.308
9.073
Bolt
6.858
8.378
9.163
10.461
Bolt
6.064
6.829
Bolt
4.609
4.142
Bolt
3.681
2.636
Bolt
2.957
9.757
11.605
5.031
3.086
5.385
3.680
1.252
5.018
Bolt
2.563
0.618
6.974
6.507
Bolt
2.549
0.604
7.966
8.433
Bolt
2.925
1.220
8.884
9.929
6.063
CONCLUSIONES
nuestra excavacin.
Se puede evaluar las distintas formas de nuestras excavaciones, ya sea: circular,
Las grficas generadas en el software Phase2 versin 6.0 son similares a las
generadas a mano, de acuerdo a las frmulas de esfuerzos alrededor de una
excavacin.
BIBLIOGRAFA
https://www.rocscience.com/help/phase2/webhelp/tutorials/Phase2_Tutorials.ht
m
https://www.google.com.pe/search?
q=phase+2+software+tutorial&oq=phase+2+&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0l4.28
41j0j8&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8}