Name : __________________________

Form : ____________________LP_A_01

16.3 Problem interpretation and the formation of the relevant equations or inequalities
The table below shows the mathematical expressions for the different inequalities used.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j

Mathematical Expressions
y
greater than x / lebih besar daripada x
less than x / y kurang daripada x
not more than x / y tidak melebihi x
not less than x /y tidak kurang daripada x
The sum of x and y is not more than k
Hasil tambah x dan y tidak melebihi k
The minimum value of y is k / y is at least k
Minimum y ialah k / y adalah sekurangkurang k
The maximum value of y is k / y is at most k
Maksimum y ialah k /y selebihlebihnya k
y is at least k times the value of x /
Y sekurangkurangnya k kali ganda x
Y exceeds x by at least10
Y melbihi x sekurangkurangnya 10
x exceeds y by at most by 10
x melebihi y selebihlebihnya 10
y
y
y
y

Inequality
yx
yx
yx
yx
x y k
yk
yk
y kx
y x >10
x y < 10

1(a). The cost of a book is 50 cents and that of a pen is RM 1.30. A student wants to
buy x books and y pens with the following conditions.
I :
At least 3 pens must be bought.
II:
The total number of books and pens bought must not be more than 12.
III:
The amount of money spent is at most RM10.
Write down the three inequalities other than x 0 and y 0 that satisfy all the above c onditions.
Answer : I:
II:
III:
1(b). A transport company delivers vegetables and flowers using lorries and vans. Each lorry carries 40
boxes of flowers and 50 boxes of vegetables. Each van carries 20 boxes of flowers and 40 boxes of
vegetables. In a day, the company uses x lorries and y vans. The following conditions must be satisfied.
I
II
III

The total number of boxes of flowers must be less or equal to 800.

The total number of boxes of vegetables must be at least 600.
The number of vans must not be more than two times the number of lorries used.

Write down three inequalities other than x 0 and y 0 that satisfy all the above
conditions.
Answer : I:
II:
III:
2(a) Shade the region which satisfies the respective inequality.
1

Example

Region

Exercise

Region

x=4

1. x > 4

x > 1

x = 2

2. x < 2
x<3

3. y < 4
y=4

y < 3

4. y > 4

y>2

y = 4
x=2

5. x 2

Example

x 3

Region

Exercise
x=5

Region

6. x

5
x

7. y 2

y 2
y=2

8. y

4
y

9. 1 < x 6
3 < x < 2

10. 1 y 4

2 y 2

2(b) Shade the region which satisfies the respective inequalities.

INEQUALITIES

SHADED AREA

INEQUALITIES
3

SHADED AREA

Example 1
y

Example 2

1 x,

x + 3,

x,

2x,

x<1

Exercises
y x+5

y x+5

y 5

y 5

y 1

x 5

x<1

x+7

x+7

x + 7

y
y

x + 7

y 5x + 5

y 5x

y x+3

y x+1

y x + 5

y x + 5

x+1

x+1

x + 6

x + 6

Name : __________________________
Form : _______________ LP_A_02
4

3. On the graph in the answer space, draw the

line x + y = 3. Hence, shade the region which
satisfies the three inequalities
x + y 3, 2y x 6 and x 2

y
8

X= 2 y

6
y + x=6

6
3

2
4

3
2

2y x= 6

6. Shade the region which satisfies the three

inequalities y 2, x + y 6 and
2x + y > 6

4. On the graph in the answer space, shade the

region which satisfies the three inequalities y
3x, 2y x and y + x 6.
y

y=2

y=3x
y = 2x + 1

2x + 3y = 12

2y=x
3
x
3

5.

On the graph in the answer space, shade

the region which satisfy the three
inequalities y 3x + 6 , y x + 6
and y > x.

7. Find the three inequalities which satisfy the

shaded region in the diagram below.
y

2x+y =10
10
2x + 5y= 20
x= 3

y
5

x
10
y= x+3

8. Find the three inequalities which satisfy the

shaded region in the diagram below.
3

5
3

0
y= 2x

9. Find the three inequalities which satisfy the

shaded region in the diagram below.

12. Dalam rajah di bawah lorekkan kawasan yang

memuaskan kawasan ketaksamaan y x 1
, 2 x y 10 and y 1

y
( 2 , 10 )

x
13. Dalam rajah di bawah lorekkan kawasan yang
memuaskan kawasan ketaksamaan y x 1
, 2 x y 10 and y 10

y=2x+6

y=x

10. Find the three inequalities which satisfy the

shaded region in the diagram below.

13. Dalam rajah di bawah lorekkan kawasan

yang memuaskan kawasan ketaksamaan
y 2 x , 2 x y 8 and y 8
y

y= 3x+3

y +2x = 8

y =2x
O

14. . On the graph in the answer space, shade

the region which satisfies the three
inequalities y 2 x 10 , x 4 and

(2, 9)

y 10.

11. Dalam rajah di bawah lorekkan kawasan yang

memuaskan
kawasan
ketaksamaan
y 4 x 7 , y 2 x 1 and y 7
6

y
14. A company is appointed by TV12 to make a
survey and get feedback on its television
programmes. The following conditions must be
satisfied.
I
At least 500 people surveyed must be from
the rural area.
II
The town people surveyed must not be less
than the people from the rural area .
III
The total number of people surveyed must
not be more than 1500.
The company has made a survey on x rural people
and y people from the town.
(a)
(b)

(c)

y = 10

10

x
O

Write down three inequalities which satisfy all the above

conditions.
Using a scale of 1 cm to 100 people on both axes ,draw
three lines which define the
region satisfying all three inequalities. Shade this
region.
Use your graph to answer
the following questions:
The company is paid RM 2 to each person surveyed.
The cost to survey one rural person is
RM 1.50 and RM 1.00 for a person from the town.
Find

(i) the minimum cost to make a survey by the

company,
(ii) the maximum profit made by the company.
x

[(a) x 500,

y x , x y 1500 (b) Cost 1.5 x 1.0 y min=RM1250 (c) Profit

0.5 x 1.0 y Max=RM1250

[SPM2006/P2/Q14]

15 . A workshop produces two types of rack, P and Q. the production of each type of rack
involves two
processes, making and painting. Table 1 shows the time taken to make and paint a rack of
type P
and a rack of type Q.

Rack
P
Q

Time taken (minutes)

Making
Painting
60
30
20
40

The workshop produces x racks of type P and y racks of type Q

per day.
The production of racks per day is based on the following constraints :
7

I the maximum total time for the making both racks is 720 minutes.
II

the total time for painting both racks is at least 360 minutes.

III the ratio of the number of racks of type P to the number of type Q is at least 1: 3
(a) Write three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0 which satisfy
all the above constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 2 racks on both axes, construct and shaded the region R
which satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) by using your graph from (b), find
(i)
the minimum number of racks of type Q if 7 racks of type P are produced per
day,
(ii)
the maximum total profit per day if the profit from one rack of type P is RM24
and
from one rack of type Q is RM32
[ I 60x + 20y < 720 II x/y > 1/3 III 3x > y; y < 3x) (i) P = 7 , x = 7 ;

Qmin = y min = 4

(ii) Profit max = 24 (6) + 32 (18) = 720 ]

[SPM2004/P2/Q14]

16. A district education office intends to organize a course on the teaching of Mathematics
and Science in English.
The course will be attended by x Mathematics participants
and y Science participants.
The selection of participants is based on the following constraints :
I

the total number of participants is at least 40

II

The number of Science participants is at most

twice that of Mathematics

III

The maximum allocation for the course is RM7200.

The expenditure for a mathematics participant is RM120
and for a science participant is RM80.

(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0,
which satisfy the above constraint
(b) Hence, by using a scale of 2 cm to 10 participants on both axes,
construct and shade region R which satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) Using your graph from (b) , find
(i)
the maximum and minimum number of Mathematics participants when the
number of science participant is 10.
(ii)
The minimum cost to run the course.
[ (a) x + y > 40 II y < 2x III 120x + 80y < 7200 (c)(i) y = 10 ; 30 < x < 53 (ii) Cost min = 120 (14 ) + 80 ( 26 ) = 3760 ]
[SPM2005/P2/Q14]

17. An institution offers two computer courses, P and Q. The number

of participants for the course P is x and for course Q is y.
The enrolment of the participants is based on the following constraints.
I

the total number of participants is not more than 100

II
The number of participants for course Q is not more than 4 times the number of
participants for
course P.
III
the number of participants for course Q must exceed the number of participants
P by at least 5
(a) write down three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0 which satisfy all the above
constraints.
(b) By using a scale of 2 cm to 10 participants on both axes, construct
and shade the region R that satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) By using your graph from (b), find
(i)
the range of the number of participants for course Q if the number of
participants for course P is 30.
(ii)
The maximum total fees per month that can be collected if the fee per month
for courses P and Q are RM50 and RM60 respectively.
[ I x + y < 100 II y < 4x III y x > 5 (i) ) P = 30 x = 30 ; Q = 35 < y < 70(ii) Fees (max) = 50 ( 20) + 60 ( 80 ) = 5800 ]

Name : __________________________

Form : ____________________LP_A_03

[SPM2003/P2/Q14]

18. Yahya has an allocation of RM225 to buy x kg of prawns and y kg of fish. The total mass
of the
commodities is not less than 15 kg. The mass of prawns is at most three times that of
fish.
The price of 1 kg of prawns is RM 9 and the
price of 1 kg of fish is RM 5.
(a) write down three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0,
that satisfy all the above conditions.
(b) hence, using a scale of 2 cm to 5 kg for both axes,
construct and shade the region R that satisfies all
the above conditions.
c) If Yahya buys 10 kg of fish, what is the maximum amount
of money that could remain from his allocation ?
[(a) I x + y > 15 II x < 3y III 9x + 5y < 225 (c)(i) fish=y = 10, x min = 5
Money remain max = 225 [ 910 + 5 5 ] =130 ]

[SPM2007/P2/Q14]

Use graph paper to answer this question.

19.

A factory produces two components P and Q. In a particular day, the factory produced x
pieces of component P and y pieces of component Q. The profit from the sales of a
pieces of component P is RM15 and a piece of component Q is RM12.
The production of the component per day is based
on the following constraints:
I:

the total number of components produced is at most 500

II

the number of component P produced is not more than

three times the number of component Q.

III

the minimum total profit for both components is RM4200

9

(a) Write three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0,

which satisfy all the above constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 50 components on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies all the
above constraints.
(c) Using your graph in (b) to find
(i)
the minimum number of pieces of components Q if the number of
pieces of component P produced on a particular day is 100,
(ii)
the maximum total profit per day.
(a) I x + y < 500 II x < 3y III 15x + 12y > 4200 (i) P =x= 100 , Q

min

=y min = 225

Profit max = [ 15375 + 12 ( 125 ] = 7125

[SPM2008/P2/Q14]

20. Use graph paper to answer this question.

The members of a youth association plan to orgarnise a picnic. They agree to rent x
buses and y vans.
The rental of a bus is RM800 and the rental of a van is RM300.
The rental of the vehicles for the picnic is based on the following constraints.
I
II
III

: the total number of vehicles to be rented is not more than 8.

: The number of buses is at most twice the number of vans.
: the maximum allocation for the rental of the vehicles is RM4000.

(a) Write three inequalities , other than x > 0 and y > 0, which satisfy
all the above constraints
(b) using a scale of 2cm to 1 vehicle on both axes, construct and shade
the region R which satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) Using your graph constructed in 6(b) to find
(i) the minimum number of vans rented if 3 buses are rented.
(ii ) the maximum number of members that can be accommodated
into the rented vehicles if a bus can accommodates 48 passengers
and a van can accommodated 12 passengers.
[ I x + y < 8 II x < 2y III 800x + 300y < 4000 (i) (i) x = 3 , ymin = 2

(ii) K = 48 (4) + 12 (2)

[ SPM 2009/P2/14]

21. Use graph paper to answer this questions.

Johan uses x small tiles and y big tiles for decoration
of his
bathroom.
The decoration budget is based on the following
constraints :
I : The total number of tiles cannot exceed 100
piece s.
II : the number of small tiles cannot exceed three
times
the number of big tiles.
III : The number of big tiles cannot exceed the
number
of small tiles by more than 30 pieces.
(a) Write three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y >
0,
which satisfy all the above constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 10 tiles on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies all the above
constraints.
(c) Using the graph constructed in 14(b), find
10

= 216 ]

(i)
(ii)

the maximum number of small tiles that can be used,

the maximum cost for the tiles if the cost of a small tiles is RM1.50 and the
cost of a big tile is RM3.00.
[ (a) x+y < 100 ; x < 3y ; y x < 30 (c)(i) xmax = 75 (ii) Cost max = 35(1.50)+65(3) = 247.50 ]

[ SPM 2010/P2/14]

22. A training centre offers two courses, A and B. The number of participants for course A is x and the
number of participants for course B is y. The intake of the participants is based on the following
constraints:
Sebuah pusat latihan menawarkan dua kursus, A dan B. Bilangan peserta kursus A ialah x dan
bilangan peserta kursus B ialah y. Pengambilan peserta adalah berdasarkan kekangan berikut:

I
II
III

The maximum number of participants is 80.

Bilangan maksumum peserta kursus ialah 80.
The number of participants for course B is at least 10.
Bilangan peserta kursus B adalah sekurangkurangnya 10.
The number of participants for course B is at most 3/2 times the number of participants for
course A.
Bilangan peserta kursus B selebihlebihnya adalah 3/2 kali bilangan peserta kursus A.

(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x 0 and y 0, which satisfy all the above constraints.
Tulis tiga ketaksamaan, selain x0 dan y0, yang
memenuhi semua kekangan di atas.
(b) using a scale 2 cm to 10 participants on both axes,
construct and shade the region R which satisfies
all of the above constraints.
Menggunakan skala 2 cm kepada 10 peserta pada
keduadua paksi, bina dan lorek rantau R
yang memenuhi semua kekangan di atas.
(c) using the graph constructed in 14 (b), find
Dengan menggunakan graf yang dibina di 14 (b), cari
(i) the minimum number of participants for course A,
Bilangan minimum peserta kursus A,
(ii) the maximum total fees collected per month if the monthly fees
per participant for course A is RM 300 and for course is RM
400.
Jumlah maksimum kutipan yuran sebulan jika kutipan yuran sebulan bagi seorang peserta kursus A ialah RM
300 dan bagi seorang peserta kursus B ialah RM 400.
[(a) x+y 80, y10, y 3/2 x, (c) (i)x min = 7, (ii)300(32)+400(48 ) = RM 28800]

23. Mr Lim bought pens and story books from a supplier at a unit price of RM 6 and RM 4
respectively.
His purchase is subject to the following conditions :
I : Mr Lim has a capital of RM4800.
450

400

6x+4y=4800

350

II : The number of pens bought has to be at least two times

4x+3y =1200
the number of story books bought.
300

250

III : Mr Lim wants to sell the pens and the

story books at a unit price of RM 10 and RM 7
respectively and expect the total profit to be
not less than RM 1200.

y=200

200

150

100

50

100

11

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Assume that Mr Lim bought x number of pens and

y number of story books.
(a) Write three inequalities other than x 0 and y 0
which satisfy the above constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 100 units on both axes, draw the graphs of the three
inequalities. Hence construct and shade the feasible region R that satisfies the
above constraints.
(c) Based on your graph, answer the following questions :
(i)
Assuming that Mr Lim sold all the pens and story books that he bought,
find the maximum profit that he made.
(ii)
If Mr Lim sold 200 story books, find the minimum profit he made.
Pens
x
6

Story Books
y
4

10
4
[

6x + 4y 4800 or 3x + 2y 2400

II

7
3

6x + 4y 4800
x 2y
4x

x 2y or equivalent

+ 3 y 1200

III ( 106) x + ( 7 4) y 1200

(c) The maximum profit = RM [ 4(600) + 3 (300) ] = RM3300(ii) y = 200, x = 400,

4x

+ 3 y 1200

the minimum profit = RM 4(400) + 3 (300) = RM 2200]

24.The table below shows the time taken by machine A and machine B to produce Model
P and Model Q of the types of toys.
Model
P
Q

Machine A
(minutes)
8
18

Machine B
(minute)
5
8

The factory had fixed the following constraints :

110

100

90

I Machine A to operate at least 720 minutes a day

80

70

II Machine B to operate not to be more than 800 minutes a day.

60

50

III The ratio of the number of model Q toys to

4x+9y = 360
the number of model P toys is not to be more than 5 : 8

(80,50)
5x+8y=800

40

y=25

30

20

10x+30y
=300
10

The factory produced x toys of model P and y toys of model Q.

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

(a) Write three inequalities apart from x 0 and y 0 which satisfy the above
constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 20 toys on the xaxis and 2 cm to 10 toys on the yaxis,
draw the
graphs of the three inequalities. Hence, construct and shade the feasible region
R that
satisfies the above constraints.
(c) Based on your graph, find
(i)
the maximum and minimum number of toys of model P that can be produced
if 25 toys of model Q had been produced.
(ii)
The total maximum sales that can be obtained by the factory if the selling
price of a toy of model P and a toy model of Q are RM 10 and RM 30
respectively.
500

.(a)

8x + 18y 720 or 4x + 9y 360;

II

5x + 8y

450
800

y : x 5 : 8 ; y < 5x/8

III

3
y= x
5

x+y=800

y =2x

400

c) (i) when y = 25 , minimum x = 40, maximum x = 120 (ii) k =10x + 30 y Maximum sale = RM [ (10(80) + 30 (50) ]=RM 2300
350

(500,300)
25.A manufacturing company produces two types of car tyres namely V 1 and
V 2. The
car tyres produced by the factory satisfy the following constraints :
300

250

12

200

y=200

(100,200)
150

100

15x+30y=4500

50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

I The total number of both the car tyres produced

in a day is not more than 800 units.
II The number of V 2 car tyres produced in a day
is not more than two times the number of
V 1 car tyres produced.
III The number of V 2 car tyres produced in a day
is at least 200 units.
The profits from the sales of a V 1 tyres and a V 2 tyres
are RM15 and RM30 respectively. The factory can produce
x units of V 1 tyres and y units of V 2 tyres in a day.
(a) Write three inequalities apart from x 0 and y 0 which satisfy the above
constraints.
(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 100 units on both axes, draw the graphs of the three
inequalities. Hence construct and shade the feasible region R that satisfies the
above constraints.
(c) Based on your graph, answer the following questions :
(i)
find the minimum profit that an be obtained
(ii)
if the ratio of the number of V 2 tyres produced in a day to the number of V
1 tyres produced is 3:5, find the maximum number of V 1 tyres and the
maximum number of V 2 tyres produced.
(I x +y < 800 II y < 2x III y > 200 (i) Profit = k = 15x + 30y The minimal profit = RM [ 15(100) + 30 ( 200) ] = RM 7500
(ii)

y : x = 3 : 5;

y = 3x/5 ; Region R is at ( 500, 300)

Maximum number of V 1 tyres produce = 500

Maximum number of V 2 tyres produce = 300

13