Values or Needs of Grid

Computing
Jun Ni, Ph.D. M.E.
Department of Computer Science
The University of Iowa

Unutilized computing resources

IT Resource Average Daytime

Utilization
Windows Servers<5%
UNIX Servers 15 20%
Desktops <5%

Values

Developed strong roots in the global

academic and research communities
over the last decade
Integrating large scale computing facility
and resources
Re-use unutilized resources
Leverage multidisciplinary collaboration
Change the culture of academic research

Values

Grid Computing for business

enterprises
Accelerating product development
Reducing infrastructure and operational
costs
Leveraging existing technology
investments
Increasing corporate productivity
strongest low cost but high throughput
solution that allows companies to
optimize and leverage existing IT
infrastructure and investments

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

Tremendous amount of unused capacity in

academic or enterprise
Grids can be deployed on an existing
infrastructureincluding the multitude of
desktops and existing serversand
thereby mitigate the need for new
hardware systems.
Grids deployed on existing desktops and
servers provide over 93 percent in up-front
hardware cost savings when compared to High
Performance Computing Systems

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

Costs savings are not limited to

diminished hardware and software
expenditure
but are also being derived by
eliminating expenditure on air
conditioning, electricity, and in many
cases, development of new data
centers.

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

It is important that these savings not

be overlooked when comparing Grid
Computing solutions with other
computing options.

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

Clusters, for example, are heavy

pieces of equipment. A single cabinet
containing just 16 nodes can weigh
approximately 1200 lbs. It and its
accessories will produce more than
20,000 BTUs an hour and will need
to be kept between 60 F and 68 F.

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

The additional cooling requirements can

easily overwhelm even the best of
commercial cooling systems and may
require expenditure on supplemental
cooling systems.
Additionally, new power sources may be
required if the existing ones cannot handle
the two 15 amp circuits required for each
16 node system.

Leveraging Existing Hardware

Investments and Resources

If the above environmental, power, and spatial

requirements cannot be met within the existing
data center, then a new one will have to be
constructed (or leased).
A current Tier IV data center build cost is US
$6,600.00 per 16-node HPC system and it
generally takes 15 to 20 months to construct.
These non-trivial infrastructure upgrade expenses
usually alone are enough justification for
leveraging existing computational resources for
deploying grids.

Reducing Operational Expenses

Grid Computing brings a level of

automation and ease previously unseen in
the IT environments.
Key self-healing and self-optimizing
capabilities free system administrators
from mundane tasks and allow them to
focus on high-value, important system
administration activities that are longer
term and more interesting.

Reducing Operational Expenses

The ability of Grids to cross departmental

and geographical boundaries uniformly
increases the level of computational
capacity across the whole academic or
enterpirse and enhances the level of
redundancy in the infrastructure.
This is a major breakthrough for system
administrators who always seem to be
chasing systems outages.

Reducing Operational Expenses

The operational expenses of a Grid Computing

deployment are 73 percent less than for
comparable HPC-based solutions.
Many of the existing cluster solutions are based
on open-source and unsupported and complex
cluster management software.
Operational expenses associated with these
deployments have been so high that many
academic and enterprises are being forced to
outsource management of HPC systems to their
suppliers.

Reducing Operational Expenses

HPC installations in data centers can

cause substantial disruptions and
potential downtime. In fact, 54
percent of data center site
infrastructure failures are coincident
with human activities.

Creating a Scalable and Flexible

IT Infrastructure

Traditionally, IT managers have been forced into

making large-step function increases in spending
to accommodate slight increases in infrastructure
requirements.
Even sparsely populated symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) machines are quite a capacity
and cost overshoot.
IT managers either spend the money for a
system that remains underutilized for some time
or force the users to live under the tyranny of an
overloaded system until such a time as the load
justifies purchase of another system.
Neither scenario is tenable in a fast evolving
research or business environment.

Creating a Scalable and Flexible

IT Infrastructure

Grid Computing allows institutions or

company to add resources linearly based
on real-time business requirements.
These resources can be derived from
within the institution or enterprise or from
outside utility computing services.
Never again do projects have to be put on
hold for a lack of computational capacity,
data center space, or system priority.

Creating a Scalable and Flexible

IT Infrastructure

The entire compute infrastructure of

the research institutes or enterprise
is available.
Grid Computing can help bring about
the end of departmental silos and
expose computational assets
curtained by server bureaucracy; a
great cultural revolution.

Creating a Scalable and Flexible

IT Infrastructure

Yet, while departments will be

making their resources accessible to
the whole organization, Grid
Computing still allows them to
maintain local control. (That is the
issue of centralization,
decentralization, or semicentralization (quasi)

Risk Analysis

Risk factors that usually plague the

deployments of Grid computing
technology, and analyze the
vulnerabilities of Grid Computing
deployments for applications

Risk Analysis

Break the culture is the major key in

developing Grids and deploy Grids
for applications

Risk Analysis

Like most software (and hardware)

vendors, Grid Computing vendors would
probably prefer it if their software lockedin a customer for a future revenue stream.
However,IT managers or Grid developers
will not be making any significant
investments in durable, complementary
assets, which promote lock-in.

Risk Analysis

Although cluster and SMP solutions will

require significant investment in
hardware, software and supporting
infrastructure may contribute to customer
lock-in.
Customers should pay keen attention to
which vendors are supporting the Grid
Computing standards activities such as
the Global Grid Forum. (service oriented
marketing and business)

Risk Analysis

Once a grid has been deployed, the

primary switching cost will be driven by
the effort required to integrate and enable
applications to work on whatever
replacement grid infrastructure that has
been selected.
This is usually performed by utilizing
software development toolkits and is
generally not too significant, but
nonetheless should be carefully reviewed.

Risk Analysis

Another way to mitigate switching

costs is to introduce new grid
software to support new gridenabled applications, while letting
the existing software deployment
and its integration with legacy grid
software remain unchanged.

Risk Analysis

The final risk factor is of project

failure, either due to bad project
management or incorrect needs
assessment.
One way to mitigate the risk of
project failure is to take advantage
of hosted pilot and professional
services offered by grid software
vendors.

Risk Analysis

This will allow the IT manager to

accurately pre-assess the suitability
of the grid software, level of
integration required, and feasibility
(application speedup times,
productivity gains, etc.).
Hosted pilots are conducted solely on
the vendors data centers and have
no impact on the operations.