ICE MIDTERM

1.A gas engine compresses a fuel-air mixture and then ignites it with a spark. A
diesel engine compresses just air, to such a high pressure and temperature that
when fuel is then injected, it ignites automatically with no need for a spark.
This is the fundamental difference between the two engines. So, a diesel engine
has to do more compression than a gas engine does, to get the fuel to ignite. Co
nversely, a gas engine cannot do as much compression as the diesel engine does,
because the fuel-air mixture it is compressing would ignite too early, at the wr
ong moment. Remember the diesel engine just compresses air, so it doesn t have tha
t problem. So, the piston in the diesel engine has to travel further, in order t
o compress the air more. So the piston stroke is longer in a diesel engine. And,
a longer piston stroke means a larger diameter crankshaft. Assuming the force c
oming from the gas piston and the diesel piston is equal, then the diesel piston
has a longer lever arm and is turning its crankshaft with greater torque (but,
necessarily, at fewer revolutions per minute). The gas piston may be delivering
the same power, but it is delivering it by turning a crankshaft at more revoluti
ons per minute, with less torque.In fact, the diesel engine burns up the fuel a
bit more efficiently, and diesel fuel has a bit higher energy content than gasol
ine, so a diesel piston should actually deliver more power from burning the same
volume of fuel. But this is less important than the above argument in explainin
g the torque difference.
Power = Speed * torque
Torque is the abilty of a engine to pull a load. More the torque , it can pull m
ore.
Why does petrol engine accelerate faster.
Before going into the topic ,Diesel engine's reciprocating parts are much heavie
r than petrol , this is because the engine is built robust as the compression ra
tio and peak pressures are high for diesel.
More mass = more inertia, so a diesel engine will need to spend more energy to r
eciprocate its piston.
If you try to accelerate both wheels with your hand , the first (cycle)wheel bei
ng lighter is easy to rotate , so you can hit the maximum rpm , faster in this w
heel.
While is the second wheel (car), although the maximum achieved rpm is same , but
you could have taken more time.
So this is reason why petrol engine can accelerate faster.Also petrol engines ha
ve mostly squared engine ie stroke = bore in dimension. So the stroke length is
less and can rev at higher RPMS.
Another reason lies in nature of fuel
Petrol is well refined than a diesel , The flame speed of petrol is much faster
than diesel. Since flame speed is high all of its energy is released in sudden.
But diesel burns steadier , it takes more time to release all energy. This flame
speed can be observed in the video shared by Dinesh D. GaikwadHence lesser reci
procating weight and faster combustion gives petrol engine its better accelerati
on , also its torque curve is almost linear. So as you increase speed , the torq
ue is getting increased.
But in diesel engine , the torque curve is not linear , it has good low rpm torq
ue , but the torque vanishes after crossing that rpm.

Why diesel engine gives out more Torque

Common reason is the compression ratio and pressure at end of compression being
higher.
Another thing is that diesel fuel has higher Lower calorific value. Also the die
sel fuel is more denser than petrol.
Hence for a litre of fuel , you have more energy in diesel.
Another reason is that diesel burns steadily than petrol ( it burns faster withi
n fraction of seconds)
Take this example , imagine your self cranking this grinding machine using hands
.
You make two attempts , One by continuously gripping the handle and rotating oth
er by rotating it few degrees then withdrawing the hand , then rotating after a
gap.
So when will the grinding wheel have more torque. It must have more torque when
the wheel is rotated continously
So why does petrol engine develop more horsepower.
Now its easy to figure out from the very first example i gave you Petrol engine
can revolve faster and can have higher peak RPM. Also the torque curve is almost
linear.
More Speed with optimum torque gives more power. Mostly petrol engines achieve p
eak power at higher RPMS.
So final summary
Petrol engine accelerates faster due to its lesser reciprocating mass and faster
energy release.
It produces more power as the torque curve is linear and ability to rotate at hi
gher max speed combines to give more power. ( actually as said by Twyla Naythias
that this is technique to attract more users people , they just see the power r
ating , they fail to see at which RPM the power is obtained)
Diesel engine produces more torque as the compression ratio is large ( so larger
stroke ) and combined with more energy which is released steadily .
http://www.rjmason.com/questions/Diesel_Engine_Torque.html
https://www.quora.com/Cars-and-Automobiles-Why-do-petrol-engines-have-higher-hor
sepower-lower-torque-and-accelerate-faster-than-diesel-engines
https://youtu.be/Zph5usgWkN0
2. http://www.upmpg.com/tech_articles/motoroil_viscosity/
https://themotoroilevaluator.com/members-blog/what-exactly-is-the-difference-bet
ween-5w20-and-5w30/