Cambridge International AS Level Biology

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOCQs
Chapter 6

1 B;[1]

The mark schemes, suggested answers and

comments that appear in this CD-ROM were written
by the author(s). In examinations, the way marks
would be awarded to answers like these may be
different.

2 C;[1]
3 D;[1]
4 a

adenine
sugar

Notes about mark schemes

cytosine
sugar

guanine
sugar

[1]

A or accept indicates an alternative acceptable

answer.
R = reject. This indicates a possible answer that
should be rejected.

sugar

[1]
c

; The bold semi-colon indicates the award of 1 mark.

/ This indicates an alternative answer for the same
mark. The alternatives may be separated from the
rest of the answer by commas.
( ) Text in brackets is not required for the mark.
Underlining This is used to indicate essential
word(s) that must be used to get the mark.
AW means alternative wording. It is used to
indicate that a different wording is acceptable
provided the essential meaning is the same, and is
used where students responses are likely to vary
more than usual.
AVP means additional valid point. This means
accept any additional points given by the student
that are not in the mark scheme, provided they are
relevant. But accept only as many additional points
as indicated by the bold semi-colons, e.g. AVP;;
means award a maximum of 2 extra marks.
ORA means or reverse argument and is used when
the same idea could be expressed in the reverse
way. For example: activity increases between pH
2 and pH 5 ORA means accept activity decreases
between pH 5 and pH 2.
max. This indicates the maximum number of marks
that can be given.

thymine

uracil
sugar

[1]
5 nucleotide:
a molecule made up of a pentose sugar, a
phosphate group and a nitrogenous base;
nucleic acid:
a polymer of nucleotides / a polynucleotide;
[2]
6 labels should include:
parent molecule;
daughter molecules;
parent / old strand acts as template;
new strands made from nucleotides binding to
old strands by complementary base pairing;[4]
7 MetPheProAsp[stop];[2]
8
mRNA
codon

tRNA
anticodon

DNA triplet from which mRNA

was transcribed

UUA

AAU

AAT

UUG

AAC

AAC

CUU

GAA

GAA

CUC

GAG

GAG

CUA

GAU

GAT

CUG

GAC

GAC

[6]
Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Cambridge University Press 2014

Cambridge International AS Level Biology

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

a X mRNA;
9 a
gene mutation / substitution;[1] 12
Yribosome;
b
Val / valine;[1]
Z (poly)peptide chain / chain of amino acids;
c
sickle cell anaemia;[1]
[3]
[Total: 3]
b
from left to right;
10

a many amino acids have more than one triplet
increasing length of polypeptide chain;[2]
[Total: 5]
code;
so sequence of amino acids is unchanged;[2]

a the DNA in the spleen and thymus of the
b
adding or deleting three nucleotides may add 13
same organism is the same;
or remove the coding for one amino acid;
the same genes are present in both organs;
this may not affect the final shape of the
[2]
protein;
b
the DNA in different species is different;
adding or deleting one nucleotide affects the
different genes are present;[2]
arrangement of all subsequent triplets;
c
DNA has double helix / is double stranded;
this frameshift may alter the coding of
the numbers of A and T, and of C and G, are
all amino acids following the addition or
similar because A pairs with T and C pairs
deletion;
with G;[2]
a triplet may be altered to a stop signal;
[max.4] d
the DNA is single stranded;
[Total: 6]
no base pairing occurs;[2]
[Total: 8]
11
Transcription

Translation

Site in cell where

process occurs

nucleus

ribosome (in
cytoplasm)

Molecule used as a
template in process

DNA

(in cytoplasm)

Molecule produced
by process

mRNA

polypeptide /
protein

Component
molecules
(monomers) used in
process

RNA
nucleotides

amino acids

Name one other type

of molecule that is
essential for process
to occur

RNA
polymerase

tRNAs / enzyme
(peptidyl
transferase)
/ ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
/ ribosomal
protein

Molecule used
as a template
in process DNA
mRNA

Award 1 mark for each correct row[5]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Biology Cambridge University Press 2014