10.

PROFILE ON POTATO FLOUR AND FLAKES

10-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I.

SUMMARY

10-3

II.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION & APPLICATION

10-3

III.

MARKET STUDY AND PLANT CAPACITY

A. MARKET STUDY
B. PLANT CAPACITY & PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

10-4
10-4
10-7

IV.

MATERIALS AND INPUTS

A. RAW AND AUXILARY MATERIALS
B. UTILITIES

10-8
10-8
10-11

V.

TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

10-11

A. TECHNOLOGY
B. ENGINEERING

10-11
10-13

VI.

MANPOWER & TRAINING REQUIREMENT

A. MANPOWER REQUIREMENT
B. TRAINING REQUIREMENT

10-16
10-16
10-17

VII.

FINANCIAL ANLYSIS
A. TOTAL INITIAL INVESTMENT COST
B. PRODUCTION COST
C. FINANCIAL EVALUATION
D. ECONOMIC BENEFITS

10-18
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-22

10-3
I.

SUMMARY

This profile envisages the establishment of a plant for the production of potato flour and
flakes with a capacity of 32,000 kg per annum. Potato flour and flakes are used as
breakfast and snack food. Moreover, the products are also used as an ingredient in
bakery, pastry, biscuits and other sweet productions.
The main raw material required for producing potato flour and flake is potato, which is
available locally.
The present demand for the proposed product is estimated at 35,000 kg per annum. The
demand is expected to reach at 63,000 kg by the year 2020.
The total investment requirement is estimated at Birr 4.83 million, out of which Birr
2.358 million is required for plant and machinery. The plant will create employment
opportunities for 18 persons.
The project is financially viable with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 16.30% and a net
present value (NPV) of Birr 1.31 million, discounted at 8.5%.
The project will have a backward linkage effect with potato growers. The establishment
of such factory will have a foreign exchange saving effect to the country by substituting
the current imports.
II.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION

Potato flour and flakes are most popularly used as breakfast and snack food, which
contains important nutrient, carbohydrate, as a source of energy for human diet. It is used
as an ingredient in bakery, pastry, biscuits and other sweet productions.

10-4

III.

MARKET STUDY AND PLANT CAPACITY

A.

MARKET STUDY

1.

Past Supply and Present Demand

Potato flour and flakes are becoming a popular breakfast and snack food. The country's
requirement for the products has been met through imports. Table 3.1 shows the amount
of potato flour and flakes imported during 1997-2006. As can be seen from the
information depicted in the Table, imports of the product has exhibited a fluctuating trend
from year to year. Imports of the product which was 1,249 kg during 2001 has increased
by 187% to 3,588 kg in 2002. However, in 2003 import has decreased by 68% compared
to 2002 level of import. In year 2004 and 2005 import has increased by 34% and 175%
respectively compared to previous years and in 2006 import has decreased by 55%
compared to 2005. However, during the period 2001 2006 import has registered an
average annual growth rate of 54%.
Table 3.1
IMPORTS OF POTATO FLOUR AND FLAKES (KG)

Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

Imports
1,249
3,588
1,139
1,521
4,182
1,873

Source: Customs Authority, External Trade Statistics, 2001-2006.

10-5
As can be seen from the above Table during the period 2001 2006 the average annual
apparent consumption of potato flour and flakes was 2.25 tonnes. The main reason for the
low level of consumption is unavailability of local production which has lead to higher
prices due to the transport and other costs associated with importing the products.
However, if the product is produced locally and the necessary promotion on the nutritive
value of the products is undertaken potato flour and flakes will be consumed by most of
the urban population.
Therefore, in order to estimate the potential demand for potato flour and flakes the
following assumption are employed.
-

The city of Addis Ababa has an estimated population of about 2.8 million. The
average number of persons per household is five. Therefore, the total number of
households in Addis Ababa is 560,000.

The target group for potato flour and flakes are those households that earn an
annual income of Birr 20,000 and above.

According to CSAs Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey, 2001 at

national level the proportion of households with an annual income of Birr 20,000
and above is 20%. However, regarding Addis Ababa the proportion of households
with an income of Birr 20,000 and above is assumed to be slightly higher than the
national level, i.e., 25%.

The annual per capita consumption of potato flour and flakes by the target group
is 250 grms per household.

Accordingly, based on the above assumptions the present demand for potato flour and
flakes is estimated at 35,000 kg or 35 tonnes.

2.

Projected Demand

The demand for potato flour and flakes will increase with growth of population, income
and awareness creation about the nutritive value of the products. The combined effect of

10-6
these factors is expected to result with an increase of demand by 5% annually ( which is
slightly higher than the growth rate of urban population). Accordingly, taking the
estimated potential present demand for the products as a base and applying a growth rate
of 5% the projected demand for potato flour and flakes is shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2
PROJECTED DEMAND FOR POTATO FLOUR AND FLAKES (TONNES)

Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020

3.

Projected
Demand
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
52
54
57
60
63

Pricing and Distribution

Currently, it should be noted that price is a major factor among the marketing mix that
gives competitive edge over competitors with respect to food items in the country. The
product under discussion is thus to be supplied at a relatively lower price than that of
substitutes e.g. similar food preparations from wheat.
Accordingly, the ex-factory price of Birr 50/kg and Birr 25/kg for potato flakes and flour
respectively is taken for the purpose of revenue calculation.

10-7

The products under consideration are food items and as such the suitable means of taking
them from the producer to the final consumer is through specialized food item
department stores, general merchandizing shops and super markets.
B.

PLANT CAPACITY AND PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

1.

Plant Capacity

Based on the market study the production capacity of the envisaged potato flour and
flakes production plant is 32,000 kg per year. The plant is expected to work for 288 days
per annum in a single shift of 8 hours per day.
2.

Production Programme

The annual production programme is formulated on the basis of the market forecast and
selected plant capacity. It is proposed that the plant will produce 25% potato floor and
75% potato flakes. It is assumed that the plant achieve 70% and 85% capacity utilization
rate in the first and second year and full capacity will be attained in the third year and
onwards. The production programme for potato flour and flakes is shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3
PRODUCTION PROGRAMME
Sr.

Description

Production Programme
1 year
2nd year
3rd -10th year
st

No.
1
2

Capacity utilization rate [%]

Potato flakes production

70
16,800

85
20,400

100
24,000

3
IV.

[kg/year]
Potato flour[kg/year]
MATERIALS AND INPUTS

5,600

6,800

8,000

A.

RAW AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS

10-8

The major raw material in production of potato flour and flake as the name indicates is
raw potato. Potato is abundantly available in the neighboring regions. Input to out put
ratio of raw potato: Flour or flake is 5.7:1. Therefore, the annual required raw potato
during full plant capacity utilization is 198,264 kg with 10% waste or spoilage
consideration. Polyethylene bag is used for packing potato flour in 500gm and 1kg
packages in equal amounts (50% each).The annual raw material and polyethylene
consumption and estimated cost is shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
ANNUAL RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT AND COST ESTIMATES
Sr.
No.

1
2
3

Description

Quantity

Raw Potato
Polyethylene
bag(500gm)

180,240 (kg)
8,000 (pieces)

Polyethylene
bag(1kg)

4,000 (pieces)

Raw Material
Total
Unit
Spoilage/Damaged/
Raw
Price
Wasted (10%)
Material Per
Amount
Kg
Per Year [Birr]
18,024
800

198,264
8800

Total
Price
[Birr]

3 594 792
0.25
2200

400

Grand Total

4400

0.4
1760
598,752

The main auxiliary material in potato flakes production is waxed paper bag, carton box,
and scotch tape. These packing materials are available locally.
- Waxed Paper bag
The packaging material selected is food grade waxed paper bag with a capacity designed
to fit different types of customers (individuals, hotels, wholesalers etc) that is, 250gm
and 500 gm. Since the 250 gm is fast moving due to its being easy to handle from storage
point of view (since it is small quantity, once open it wont stay long). Out of the total
production quantity 70% will hold for 250gm package and 30% will be for 500gm one.
Annual requirement with total costs is shown in Table 4.2.

10-9

Table 4.2
ANNUAL WAXED PAPER REQUIREMENT AND ITS COST ESTIMATES
Sr.

Packaging

Total

Number

Waste

Total

Unite

Total

No.

Capacity

Product

of Paper

Allowance

Number

Price

Cost

[Gm]

Production

Bags

2%

of Paper

[Birr]

[Birr]

Per Year

Required

0.3
0.5

20,562
7,345
27,907

1
2

250
500
Grand Total

[Kg/Yr]
16,800
7,200

67,200
14,400

Bag
1,340
290

Required
68,540
14,690

Carton box

The required carton box to pack the two types of paper bags should be designed for
suitable handling, stable structure, efficient space utilization etc. The annual required
quantity and cost of ideal carton box size which is suitable to pack the two types of paper
bag at 100% capacity utilization rate of the plant is given in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3
ANNUAL REQUIREMENT OF CARTON BOX AND COST ESTIMATE
Packa

Number of

Carton

Amount

Annual

Carton

5%

Total

CB

Total

ging

Paper Bags

Size

of

Production

Box Per

Waste

Carton

Unit

Price

Capacity

[Kg]

10-10
Gm]

250
500

Per Box

Lxwxh

Product

Lxwxh

[Cm]

Per Box

3x3x4=36
3x2x4=24

30x24x20
45x20x20

Annum

[Kg]
9
22,400
12
9,600
Grand Total

2,500
800

Box

Price

Required

[Birr]

2,630
840

3.75
4.0

130
40

[Birr]

9,862.5
3,360.0
13,222.5

- Scotch tape
The estimated scotch tape amount and its cost at 100% capacity utilization rate is given in
Table 4.4.
Table 4.4
ANNUAL REQUIREMENT OF SCOTCH TAPE AND COST ESTIMATE
Length Of

Length of

Estimated

Total

Length

Required

Unit

Total

Packaging

Carton

Scotch Tape

Scotch Tape

Waste

Length of

of One

Number

Price

Price

Capacity

Box Per

Needed to

Neede Per

Amount

Scotch

Role

of Roles

of

of

[Gm]

Annum

Seal One

Yr

[0.5%)

Tape

Scotch

One

Roles

Carton*

[M]

[M]

Needed

Tape

Role

[Birr]

[M]

[M]

[M]

250
500
Grand Total

2,630
840

0.8
1.10

2104
924

105.2
46.2

2,210
970

[Birr]

18
18

130
60

* The length of scotch tape required per carton box is estimated considering the total length and 10cm
tolerance of the length side of the box.

B.

UTILITIES

Electricity and water are the three major utilities for production process of potato flour
and flakes. The annual consumption and cost estimates at full plant capacity utilization is
given in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5
ANNUAL UTILITIES REQUIREMENT AND ESTIMATED COST

25
25

3,250
1,500
4,750

10-11

Sr.

Description

No.
1
Electricity
3
Water
Grand Total

Unit of
Measure
kWh
m3

Qty/Year
20,000
15,000

V.

TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

A.

TECHNOLOGY

1.

Production Process

Unit Cost
[Birr]
0.4736
3.25

Total Cost
9,472
48,750
58,222

The main process steps in the production of Potato flour and flakes are described as
follows.
- Potato Flour
The potatoes from local farmers are transported to a factory by trucks, then the potatoes
are washed, peeled in a batch peeler, blanched, rasped in to fine particles in a rotating
grater, the juice and solid matter are separated in to two streams in a rotary decanter. Then
fresh water is added to the stream of solid matter and pulp is separated from the starch by
centrifugation. Flour will be refined in hydro cyclones and vacuum filters. Finally the
concentrated slurry will be dried in a warm air stream until the final water content of 20%
and the flour will be packed and ready for distribution.
-

Potato flakes

In the production process of potato flakes, the raw material preparation is similar with
that of potato flour production. The difference is the potatoes after peeling and cutting
they will be cooked instead of blanching. Then, the cooked potatoes will be mashed and

10-12
dried, grinded to have uniform particle size distribution. Finally the product will be
packed and ready for distribution.
The yield ratio of potatoes to flakes and flour is approximately 5.7:1. Higher recovery
ratio of flour and flakes is from fresh potatoes and lower recovery ratio from stored
potatoes.
Potatoes with high solid contents and lower sugar are best to produce such dehydrated
products.
The process of production of potato flour and flakes is environmentally friendly since the
only waste is peel of potato which will be used as compost (natural fertilizer).
2.

Source of Technology

Machinery and technology for production of potato flour and flakes can be obtained from
a number of suppliers, world wide. Dornow Food Technology of Germany can be
contacted in this respect at E-mail: office@dornow.de, Fax: +49-211-596883.

B.

ENGINEERING

1.

Machinery and Equipment

The total cost of machinery and equipments estimated to be Birr 2,358,000, out of which
Birr 2,004,300 will be required in foreign currency. Detail list of machinery and
equipment and their cost estimates are given in Table 5.1.

10-13
Table 5.1
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT AND ESTIMATED COST
Sr.
No.
1

Description

Qty

Collecting potato bunker,

1
with automatic outlet system
2
Washing unit with belt
1
conveyor
3
Potato batch peeling unit
1
4
Inspection belt conveyor
1
5
Collecting bunker with feed
1
in belt conveyor
6
Blanching unit
1
7
Rotary grater
1
8
Decanter centrifuge
1
9
Vacuum filter
1
10
Cooking unit(flakes)
1
11
Mashing unit (flakes)
1
12
Drying unit
1
13
Heat exchanger
1
14
Packing unit
1
Grand Total
2. Land, building and Civil Works

Unit Cost
[Birr]
70,740
165,060
70,740
23,580
47,160
94,320
141,480
235,800
282,960
165,060
117,900
330,120
259,380
353,700

Total Cost [Birr]

F.C
L.C
TC
70,740
60,129
10,611
165,060
140,301
24,759
60,129
10,611
70,740
20,043
3,537
23,580
47,160
40,086
7,074
80,172
14,148
94,320
120,258
21,222
141,480
200,430
35,370
235,800
240,516
42,444
282,960
140,301
24,759
165,060
100,215
17,685
117,900
280,602
49,518
330,120
220,473
38,907
259,380
300,645
53,055
353,700
2,004,300
353,700 2,358,000

The total land required for potato flour and flakes production plant is 500 m 2. The total
built up area is estimated at 250 m 2.

Out of the total built-up area, 130m 2 will be used

for production facility, 80m2 for store and 40m2 for office building. The total cost of
building and civil works at the rate of birr 2300 per m2 is estimated at birr 575,000.
According to the Federal Legislation on the Lease Holding of Urban Land (Proclamation
No 272/2002) in principle, urban land permit by lease is on auction or negotiation basis,
however, the time and condition of applying the proclamation shall be determined by the
concerned regional or city government depending on the level of development.
The legislation has also set the maximum on lease period and the payment of lease prices.
The lease period ranges from 99 years for education, cultural research health, sport,

10-14
NGO , religious and residential area to 80 years for industry and 70 years for trade while
the lease payment period ranges from 10 years to 60 years based on the towns grade and
type of investment.
Moreover, advance payment of lease based on the type of investment ranges from 5% to
10%.The lease price is payable after the grace period annually. For those that pay the
entire amount of the lease will receive 0.5% discount from the total lease value and those
that pay in installments will be charged interest based on the prevailing interest rate of
banks. Moreover, based on the type of investment, two to seven years grace period shall
also be provided.
However, the Federal Legislation on the Lease Holding of Urban Land apart from setting
the maximum has conferred on regional and city governments the power to issue
regulations on the exact terms based on the development level of each region.
In Addis Ababa the Citys Land Administration and Development Authority is directly
responsible in dealing with matters concerning land.

However, regarding the

manufacturing sector, industrial zone preparation is one of the strategic intervention

measures adopted by the City Administration for the promotion of the sector and all
manufacturing projects are assumed to be located in the developed industrial zones.
Regarding land allocation of industrial zones if the land requirement of the project is
blow 5000 m2 the land lease request is evaluated and decided upon by the Industrial Zone
Development and Coordination Committee of the Citys Investment Authority. However,
if the land request is above 5,000 m 2 the request is evaluated by the Citys Investment
Authority and passed

with recommendation to the Land Development and

Administration Authority for decision, while the lease price is the same for both cases.
The land lease price in the industrial zones varies from one place to the other. For
example, a land was allocated with a lease price of Birr 284 /m2 in Akakai-Kalti and Birr
341/ m2 in Lebu and recently the citys Investment Agency has proposed a lease price of
Birr 346 per m2 for all industrial zones.

10-15

Accordingly, in order to estimate the land lease cost of the project profiles it is assumed
that all manufacturing projects will be located in the industrial zones. Therefore, for the
this profile since it is a manufacturing project a land lease rate of Birr 346 per m 2 is
adopted.
On the other hand, some of the investment incentives arranged by the Addis Ababa City
Administration on lease payment for industrial projects are granting longer grace period
and extending the lease payment period. The criterions are creation of job opportunity,
foreign exchange saving, investment capital and land utilization tendency etc.
Accordingly, Table 5.2 shows incentives for lease payment.

Table 5.2
INCENTIVES FOR LEASE PAYMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS

Scored Point
Above 75%
From 50 - 75%
From 25 - 49%

Grace
Period
5 Years
5 Years
4 Years

Payment
Completion
Period
30 Years
28 Years
25 Years

Down
Payment
10%
10%
10%

For the purpose of this project profile the average, i.e., five years grace period, 28 years
payment completion period and 10% down payment is used. The period of lease for
industry is 60 years .
Accordingly, the total lease cost, for a period of 60 years with cost of Birr 346 per m 2, is
estimated at Birr 10.38 million of which 10% or Birr 1,038,000 will be paid in advance.

10-16
The remaining Birr 9.34 million will be paid in equal installments with in 28 years, i.e.,
Birr 333,643 annually.
VI.

MANPOWER AND TRAINING REQUIREMENT

A.

MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

The total manpower required is 18.This includes skilled and unskilled labour. As shown
in Table 6.1, the corresponding annual labour cost is estimated at Birr 255,000.

Table 6.1
MANPOWER REQUIREMENT AND ESTIMATED LABOR COST
Sr.

Description

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Managing Director
Secretary of MD
Accountants
Sales/purchase man
Production Head
Shift leaders
Operators
Mechanic
Electrician
Chemist
Driver
Guard

Req.

Monthly

Annual

No.

Salary

Salary

[Birr]
3,000
900
1,500
1,500
2,000
1,000
2,400
800
800
900
450
700

[Birr]
36,000
10,800
18,000
18,000
24,000
12,000
28,800
9,600
9,600
10,800
5,400
8,400

1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2

10-17
13

Cleaner
Sub Total
Employees benefit(25% of gross

3
18

salary)
Total

B.

1,050

12,600
204,000
51,000
255,000

TRAINING REQUIREMENT

On the job training can be arranged for those skilled labourers who are mainly engaged
on production, quality control and technique departments. The total estimated training
cost is Birr 20,000.

VII.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

The financial analysis of the potato flour and flakes project is based on the data presented
in the previous chapters and the following assumptions:Construction period

1 year

Source of finance

30 % equity
70 % loan

Tax holidays

3 years

Bank interest

8.5%

Discount cash flow

8.5%

Accounts receivable

30 days

Raw material local

30 days

Work in progress

1 days

Finished products

30 days

Cash in hand

5 days

Accounts payable

30 days

Repair and maintenance

3% of machinery cost

10-18

A.

TOTAL INITIAL INVESTMENT COST

The total investment cost of the project including working capital is estimated at

Birr

4.84 million, of which 41 per cent will be required in foreign currency.

The major breakdown of the total initial investment cost is shown in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1
INITIAL INVESTMENT COST ( 000 Birr)
Cost Items

Local
Cost

Foreign
Cost

Total
Cost

1,038.00

1,038.00

Building and Civil Work

575.00

575.00

Plant Machinery and Equipment

353.70 2,004.30 2,358.00

Land lease value

Office Furniture and Equipment

75.00

75.00

Vehicle

250.00

250.00

Pre-production Expenditure*

419.83

419.83

Working Capital

122.94

122.94

Total Investment Cost

2,834.47 2,004.30 4,838.77

* N.B Pre-production expenditure includes interest during construction ( Birr 269.83

thousand), training (Birr 20 thousand ) and Birr

120

thousand costs of registration,

licensing and formation of the company including legal fees, commissioning expenses,
etc.

B.

PRODUCTION COST

10-19

The annual production cost at full operation capacity is estimated at Birr 1.58
million (see Table 7.2). The cost of raw material account for 39.89% of the production
cost. The other major components of the production cost are depreciation, financial cost
and direct labour which account for 22.24 %, 13.60% and 7.73 %, respectively. The
remaining 16.53 % is the share of utility, repair and maintenance, labour overhead and
administration cost.

Table 7.2
ANNUAL PRODUCTION COST AT FULL CAPACITY ('000 BIRR)
Items
Raw Material and Inputs
Utilities
Maintenance and repair
Labour direct
Labour overheads
Administration Costs
Land lease cost
Total Operating Costs
Depreciation
Cost of Finance

Cost

631.41
58.22

39.89
3.68

70.74
122.40

4.47
7.73

51.00
81.60

3.22
5.16

1,015.37
352.05

64.15

215.27

13.60

1,582.69

100

22.24

Total Production Cost

C.

FINANCIAL EVALUATION

1.

Profitability

10-20
Based on the projected profit and loss statement, the project will generate a profit through
out its operation life. Annual net profit after tax will grow from Birr 180.63 thousand to
Birr 526.81 thousand during the life of the project. Moreover, at the end of the project life
the accumulated cash flow amounts to Birr 5.27 million.
2.

Ratios

In financial analysis financial ratios and efficiency ratios are used as an index or yardstick
for evaluating the financial position of a firm. It is also an indicator for the strength and
weakness of the firm or a project. Using the year-end balance sheet figures and other
relevant data, the most important ratios such as return on sales which is computed by
dividing net income by revenue, return on assets ( operating income divided by assets),
return on equity ( net profit divided by equity) and return on total investment ( net profit
plus interest divided by total investment) has been carried out over the period of the
project life and all the results are found to be satisfactory.
3.

Break-even Analysis

The break-even analysis establishes a relationship between operation costs and revenues.
It indicates the level at which costs and revenue are in equilibrium. To this end, the
break-even point of the project including cost of finance when it starts to operate at full
capacity ( year 3) is estimated by using income statement projection.
BE =

Fixed Cost

34 %

Sales Variable Cost

4.

Payback Period

The pay back period, also called pay off period is defined as the period required to
recover the original investment outlay through the accumulated net cash flows earned by

10-21
the project. Accordingly, based on the projected cash flow it is estimated that the
projects initial investment will be fully recovered within 6 years.
5.

Internal Rate of Return

The internal rate of return (IRR) is the annualized effective compounded return rate that
can be earned on the invested capital, i.e., the yield on the investment. Put another way,
the internal rate of return for an investment is the discount rate that makes the net present
value of the investment's income stream total to zero. It is an indicator of the efficiency or
quality of an investment. A project is a good investment proposition if its IRR is greater
than the rate of return that could be earned by alternate investments or putting the money
in a bank account. Accordingly, the IRR of this porject is computed to be 16.30 %
indicating the vaiability of the project.
6. Net Present Value
Net present value (NPV) is defined as the total present ( discounted) value of a time
series of cash flows. NPV aggregates cash flows that occur during different periods of
time during the life of a project in to a common measuring unit i.e. present value.

It is a

standard method for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects. NPV
is an indicator of how much value an investment or project adds to the capital invested. In
principal a project is accepted if the NPV is non-negative.
Accordingly, the net present value of the project at 8.5% discount rate is found to be
Birr 1.31 million which is acceptable.

D.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

The project can create employment for 18 persons. In addition to supply of the domestic
needs, the project will generate Birr 1.31 million in terms of tax revenue.

The

establishment of such factory will have a foreign exchange saving effect to the country by

10-22
substituting the current imports. The project will have a backward linkage effect with
potato growers