What do all of

these people
have in
common?

Lesson objectives
To be able to define migration.
To be able to describe reasons for
migration.
To be able to define key migration terms.
To be able to identify and classify types of
migration.

What is migration?

Migration
Migration is the movement of people to
live in a different place, either within the
same country or to another country.
What is the difference between
immigration and emigration?

Immigration vs Emigration
Immigration - people moving Into a
country.
Emigration people moving out of a
country (Exiting)

What makes people move?

Why might people want to

leave here?

Why might people want to

move to here?

Push and pull factors

Push factors the negative aspects of a
place that encourage people to move away
(disadvantages of living there)
Pull factors the attractions and
opportunities of a place that encourages
people to move there (advantages of moving
there)
They can be economic, social or
environmental/physical

Create a table of push and pull factors

Look for opposites
Unemployment

Drought

Lack of services

A safer atmosphere

Poverty

Good food supplies

Fertile land

Potential for
employment

War, civil unrest

Hazards

Isolation

Lack of safety

Friends and family

A better service
provision

Greater wealth

Crop failure

Less risk of natural

hazards

Political security

Colour code them as economic, social or environmental

Complete the first 3 exam questions

provided (June 2010)

What are the obstacles

to migration?
Here are some clues!
Which 2 categories are
there?

Read the following

slides on Edmodo
Then complete the two
work sheets

Obstacles to migration

Although there have been great improvements in

transport and communications there are obstacles
to the free movement of people.
Between countries border controls, visas and
entry permits
Within countries roadblocks, political and
military controls between regions (especially
where there is civil strife and war).
Social obstacles leaving family members
behind, the fear of the unknown.
Physical obstacles e.g. Mountains can also
make migration difficult.

Types of migration
Migration can be classified as:
Voluntary / forced
Internal / International
The reason people are moving.
Most international migration in the world today
is economic migrations (movement for work)
These migrants are seeking the better life a
higher income brings.

International migration
International migration is controlled by
governments.
They may encourage or discourage migrants into
their country.
Illegal immigrants are returned to their country of
origin (deported).
An illegal migrant may make a case for staying,
often using the argument that it would be unsafe
for them to return to their home country. Such
migrants are called asylum seekers.
Asylum seekers make a formal application to stay
in the country of destination.

Forced migration
This is compulsory migration, people have
little choice about moving.
Forced migrants are refugees.
Physical and human factors can cause
forced migration.
Many of Montserrats population became
refugees.
What other physical factors could cause
forced migration?

Forced migration(2)
War and persecution of people of different
ethnic groups are the most important human
factors.
Since 2000 most refugees have come from:
Western Asia (especially Afghanistan and Iraq)
Sub-Saharan Africa (especially Sudan, Burundi,
Congo and Somalia)

Armed conflict and civil wars have been

made worse by physical conditions (e.g.
drought) in Africa.

The following list includes some of the most famous forced migrations and the basic
reasons for them:
- Jews forced to move from Germany, Poland and other European countries by Hitler's
Nazi's before and during World War 2. (Genocide).
- Asians forced to move out of Uganda by Idi Amin in the 1970's. (Threats of genocide).
- Africans forced to travel in cramped conditions on boats across the Atlantic to the
United States in the 18th and early 19th century. (The slave trade).
- Nearly 2 million Vietnamese have migrated to Hong Kong since the end of the Vietnam
War in 1975. (Fear of persecution by Communist rebels).
- The population of Montserrat have been forced to move to the North of the island or
migrate due to volcanic eruptions, which have now gone on for a number of years.
- Mass migrations by people in Ethiopia during the mid-1980's to look for water and food.
(Drought meant that they had neither food or water).
- The original population of Australia were prisoners from the United Kingdom, who were
forced to go there, and usually stayed.

Types of Migration
Voluntary
Reasons

Forced
Reasons

Economic

Natural/Physical

For work/improved standard of living

For retirement

Natural disaster flood, earthquake, volcanic

eruption, drought, cyclone

Social:

Human:

Living near family and friends

For retirement

Human disaster e.g. war, revolution

Examples

Examples

National

National/ internal:

Rural to urban (LEDCs)

Urban to rural (MEDCs)
International: from LEDC to MEDC

Movement to refugee camps, temporary

shelters
International: refugees to other countries

Migration key terms

Key term

Definitions
This is the formal application by a refugee to stay and live in a country when
they arrive in that country.
This is when people choose to migrate because of one or more reasons
Defined by the United Nations as a person unable or unwilling to return to
their homeland for fear of persecution, based on reasons of race, religion,
ethnicity or political opinion, or those who have been displaced forcibly by
other factors

This is compulsory migration when people have little or no choice about

moving.
This is the movement of people from one permanent home to another(at
least 1 year)
This is migration within the same country
This is a voluntary migration where the person moves for work/job, usually to
improve their standard of living
This is movement into another country. Moving out of the county is called
Emigration. Movement into a country is called Immigration.
Where the migrant goes to
Where the migrant comes from

ANSWERS

Definitions

Asylum seeker

This is the formal application by a refugee to stay and live in a country when
they arrive in that country.

Voluntary migration

This is when people choose to migrate because of one or more reasons

Refugee

Defined by the United Nations as a person unable or unwilling to return to

their homeland for fear of persecution, based on reasons of race, religion,
ethnicity or political opinion, or those who have been displaced forcibly by
other factors

Forced migration

This is compulsory migration when people have little or no choice about

moving.

Migration

This is the movement of people from one permanent home to another(at

least 1 year)

Internal migration

This is migration within the same country

Economic migration

This is a voluntary migration where the person moves for work/job, usually to
improve their standard of living

International
migration

This is movement into another country. Moving out of the county is called
Emigration. Movement into a country is called Immigration.

Destination

Where the migrant goes to

Origin

Where the migrant comes from

Classifying migrations task

Migration
1. Mrs Garbett, an 80-year-old grandmother
has just taken her first flight. She is joining
her son in New Zealand.
2. Many people from the Indian subcontinent
work for rich Arabs in Saudi Arabia.

3. After Poland joined the European Union

(EU) many Polish workers moved to the UK
to look for work.
4. In 2005 many inhabitants moved away
from New Orleans following the destruction
caused by Hurricane Katrina.

Type of migration

Classifying migrations task

Migration
1. Mrs Garbett, an 80-year-old grandmother
has just taken her first flight. She is joining
her son in New Zealand.

Type of migration
Voluntary, international, social

2. Many people from the Indian subcontinent Voluntary, international, economic

work for rich Arabs in Saudi Arabia.

3. After Poland joined the European Union

(EU) many Polish workers moved to the UK
to look for work.

Voluntary, international, economic

4. In 2005 many inhabitants moved away

from New Orleans following the destruction
caused by Hurricane Katrina.

Forced (natural), internal/national

Lesson objectives
To be able to describe the impacts of
migration.
To be able to classify the impacts of
migration.

The impacts of international migration

Migration has an impact on the country
that the migrant leaves (the country of
origin) and on the country that the migrant
moves to (the country of destination).
The impacts on both countries can be
positive or negative.

Impacts of migration
Decide which are:
advantages (benefits) for country of destination
advantages (benefits) for country of origin
disadvantages (problems) for country of destination
disadvantages (problems) for country of origin
Migrants bring new or special
skills

Family separation especially

husbands from family

Transfer of knowledge so
economic development can
occur in the receiving country

Increase in cultural/racial
tension and/or discrimination

Brings new ideas, cultures e.g.

music, art, fashion and festivals

Strain on resources for the host

country e.g. public services

Loss of the younger people from

the workforce

Money sent back to families

(remittances)

Willing to take the jobs local

people wont

Loss of trained or skilled people

from the country of birth

Impacts of migration - ANSWER

Advantages
Country of
Origin

Money sent back to

families (remittances).

Disadvantages
Loss of the younger people
from the workforce.
Family separation.
Loss of trained or skilled
people from the country.

Country of
Destination

Migrants bring new or

special skills.
Transfer of knowledge.

Increase in cultural/racial
tension and/or
discrimination.

Strain on resources for the

Brings new ideas,
host country.
cultures e.g. music, art,
fashion.
Willing to take the jobs
local people wont.

Homework: A real life Migration Story

1.

What are the benefits / problems for the country of origin or

the country of destination (host country)?

Jana Susinkova came to the UK in 2002 with her Czech

boyfriend. She was only 18 and he a little older. She worked
as a domestic cleaner, undercutting the level local women
charged by at least 1 per hour. She had enough work to
keep busy 6 days a week. Her boyfriend was a mechanic and
odd-job man, and his job provided accommodation for them.

Late in 2011 Jana returned home to Slovakia. Her boyfriend

had already left to find a job in the Czech Republic, where the
growing economy offered increasing opportunities for skilled
people. While in the UK they saved enough money to buy
materials and labour to build a 4-bedroom house in the Czech
Republic, giving them an excellent start to their married life.
Janas English had become fluent, so she quickly found a
well-paid job where she uses it everyday.