Whenever any objects (such as asteroids) massive enough approaches close to earth.

Under
such serious circumstances (For Near earth objects (NEOs), objects which has enough
potential to cause serious impact and also result in causing death and destruction.) we have
following mitigation plans:
For deflection of such NEOs, we have two types of action plans to change the orbit of such
objects 1. Non nuclear 2. Nuclear
Depending up on the size of the NEO, If the size is smaller we use
1. CIVIL DEFENSE: DISASTER PREPARATION AND RECOVERY:
Civil defense involving such efforts as evacuating the region around a small impact,
this is done days ahead announcing the approach of NEO and making people to
evaluating by using media/press announcements they can help people to leave the
place of impact.
2 . Slow-push or -pull methods:
This method involves in changing the position of the NEO as this results in gradual change in
the orbit of an NEO so that it misses Earth. Slow-push-pull means the continuous application
of a small but steady force to the NEO in this process the resultant force cause object to
accelerate. Remember that in space less force required in order to move a massive object.
With the help of rocket technology multi launch vehicles can be sent to accomplish slow
push.
This slow push can be done in different techniques:
a. the enhancement of natural effects: Using natural effects such as creating momentum
from the use of photon pressure or solar energyis used to accelerate the NEO
b. the enhanced evaporation of surface material: This method is to concentrate solar
energy on the surface of the NEO this can cause vaporization from the NEOs surface
this can result in rock debris
c. the application of contact force: spacecraft to physically push on the
NEO, similar to a tugboat moving a much larger ship by applying a small but
consistent force. This can also result in change in orbit.
d. the application of gravitational force: This procedure involves in the Gravity tractor
(GT) (is a theoretical spacecraft that would deflect another object in space.) A
spacecraft involves in positions itself very close to the proximity to an NEO, This can
generate considerable amount of gravitational attraction between the two bodies. Here
there is no landing involved, on the surface of NEO. There is a gravitational force
connection between NEO and spacecraft. The center of mass of the system
experiences a net acceleration which is equal to the acceleration induced on the NEO
due to the attraction of the spacecraft. This can cause shifting in the orbit of this
binary system.

2. Nuclear method:
Kinetic impact: This involves in delivering a large amount of momentum (and energy)
instantaneously to an NEO to change its orbit so that it misses Earth, and this impact can
change the orbit in small amounts of velocity of an NEO.
Nuclear detonation: using this method, as this delivers a much larger amount of momentum
(and energy) instantaneously to an NEO to change its orbit so that it misses Earth. This
method involves in explosion on NEO.