Natural Gas Database Documentation (2016 Edition

NATURAL GAS
INFORMATION
2016 edition
DATABASE
DOCUMENTATION
2 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: Database documentation (2016 edition)
This document provides information regarding the 2016 edition of the IEA Annual Gas Statistics
database. This document can be found online at:
http://www.iea.org/statistics/
Please address your inquiries to GASAQ@iea.org.
Please note that all IEA data are subject to the Terms and Conditions which can be found on the IEAs website at:
http://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: Database documentation (2016 edition) - 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Changes from last edition.............................................................................................................................................. 5
3. Description of the B20/20 service ................................................................................................................................. 6
- OECD supply and consumption by sector .................................................................................................................. 7
- OECD imports .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
- OECD exports ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
- World balance ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
- World imports ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
4. Definitions................................................................................................................................................................... 20
5. Geographical coverage ................................................................................................................................................ 27
PART II OF NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: WORLD AND OECD NATURAL GAS DATA (EXTRACT)
World natural gas production (in Mcm and in TJ)...........................................................................................................II.4
World natural gas consumption (in Mcm and in TJ) .......................................................................................................II.8
World LNG terminals ....................................................................................................................................................II.54
World gas storage capacity ............................................................................................................................................II.57
World reserves of natural gas ........................................................................................................................................II.62
Share of OECD energy production by fuel ....................................................................................................................II.64
Share of OECD energy consumption by fuel ................................................................................................................II.66
PART III OF NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: OECD DETAILED NATURAL GAS DATA (EXTRACT)
Country notes ............................................................................................................................................................. III.191
Abbreviations and conversion factors ........................................................................................................................ III.203
PART IV OF NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: NATURAL GAS PRICES
Natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline (in US dollars/MBtu and in national currency/MBtu) .................... IV.2
LNG import prices into Europe (in US dollars/MBtu and in national currency) ........................................................... IV.6
LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (in US dollars/MBtu) ................................................................................. IV.10
LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States (in US dollars/MBtu) ........................................................ IV.12
LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (in national currency/MBtu)....................................................................... IV.14
Natural gas prices for industry in national currency .................................................................................................... IV.16
Natural gas prices for households in national currency ............................................................................................... IV.17
Natural gas prices for electricity generation in national currency ............................................................................... IV.18
Natural gas prices for industry in US dollars ............................................................................................................... IV.19
Natural gas prices for households in US dollars .......................................................................................................... IV.20
Natural gas prices for electricity generation in US dollars .......................................................................................... IV.21
Price comparison for competing fuels for industry (in US dollars/toe) ....................................................................... IV.22
Price comparison for competing fuels for households (in US dollars/toe) .................................................................. IV.23
Price comparison for competing fuels for electricity generation (in US dollars/toe)................................................... IV.24
PART VI OF NATURAL GAS INFORMATION: MAPS OF PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE
ORGANISATION AND REGULATION OF GAS TRANSPORTATION ........................................ VI.1
1. INTRODUCTION
Natural Gas Information 2016 is the latest edition of
a publication on natural gas that has been produced
annually since 1996. Previously, statistical
information on natural gas was included in the
publication Oil and Gas Information; however given
the increasing prominence of natural gas in the
global economy, the need was seen for a publication
dedicated solely to this energy source.
The report is intended to provide both energy policy
makers and those employed in all sectors of the gas
industry with information on current natural gas
trends and prospects.
Natural Gas Information 2016 brings together in
one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA
on natural gas supply and demand. It also includes
information on prices, storage capacity, LNG and
pipeline trade, LNG terminals as well as maps on the
distribution network in OECD countries 1,2.
The OECD has 34 Member countries. Energy data
for all individual Member countries are presented in
Parts III and V. OECD totals and regional
aggregates are also provided. In some instances,
particularly where energy forecasts are concerned,
only IEA aggregates are used. The IEA has 29
Member countries: all the Member countries of the
OECD except Chile, Iceland, Israel, Mexico and
Slovenia.
Natural gas data reported for 2015 (shown as 2015p)
are provisional data based on submissions received
in early 2016 and on monthly submissions from
1.
This document is without prejudice to the status of
or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of
international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any
territory, city or area.
2.
In this publication, country refers to a country or
a territory, as the case may be.
OECD Member countries. The submissions received

in early 2016 consisted of simplified questionnaires
covering only supply data. In some instances it has
been necessary for the IEA to estimate some data.
Explanations of the estimates are provided in the
country notes. All data for 2015 for non-Member
countries have been estimated by the IEA
secretariat.
Annual natural gas data on OECD countries are
collected from Member countries by the team in the
Energy Data Centre (EDC) of the IEA secretariat,
headed by Duncan Millard. The IEA would like to
thank and acknowledge the dedication and
professionalism of the statisticians working on
energy data in the countries. The Natural Gas
Information publication and its statistics were
prepared by Ivo Letra, Federico de Luca and Roman
Wisznia. Also in the IEA secretariat, thanks are due
to the non-OECD Member countries section of the
Energy Data Centre headed by Cline Rouquette and
to the OECD Balances section headed by Roberta
Quadrelli. Desktop publishing was carried out by
Sharon Burghgraeve. Erica Robin has overall
responsibility for this publication.
Enquiries about data or methodology in this
publication should be addressed to:
Energy Data Center
International Energy Agency, OECD
31-35, rue de la Fdration
75739 PARIS Cedex 15, France
E-mail: gasaq@iea.org
2. CHANGES FROM LAST EDITION

Data for Suriname are now available from 2000. Prior to 2000, they are included in Other Non-OECD Americas.
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE B20/20 SERVICE

The Natural Gas Information database contains time
series of annual gas supply balances for OECD and
non-OECD countries from 1960 to 2015. Country
aggregates for OECD Total, OECD Americas,
OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, IEA and
regional totals. Statistics for the World include data
on production, total imports and exports and gross
inland consumption, as well as imports by origin.
For the OECD countries, more detailed information
on supply and consumption by sector is available.
The database is updated in May and July each year.
In May, the OECD files were updated with 2014
data and revisions to previous years. In July, they
were updated with revisions and 2015 provisional
data, and the World files will be updated with 2014
information and 2015 estimates.
2) OECD Imports (NGIMPORT)

Contains the breakdown of imports by country of
origin. Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and
LNG.
3) OECD Exports (NGEXPORT)
Contains the breakdown of exports by country of
destination. Data are shown for total trade, pipeline
and LNG.
4) World Supply (NGWBAL) to be released in
July 2016
Contains data on production, total imports and
exports, and gross inland consumption.
The IEA Natural Gas Data Service is structured into

five parts:
5) World Imports (NGWIMP) to be released in

July 2016
1) OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector

(NGBALCON)
Contains the breakdown of imports by country of

origin. Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and
LNG.
Contains data on production, total imports and

exports, stock changes, gross inland consumption,
stock levels, and data for transformation, energy and
end-use consumption.
For each of these five parts, the data is given in

Terajoules or in Million cubic metres.
OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector (NGBALCON)

This database structure has four dimensions:
i) Country
Code
AUSTRALI
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
CANADA
CHILE
CZECH
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
ICELAND
IRELAND
ISRAEL
ITALY
JAPAN
KOREA
LUXEMBOU
MEXICO
NETHLAND
NZ
NORWAY
POLAND
PORTUGAL
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITLAND
TURKEY
UK
USA
Country
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Code
OECDTOT
OECDAM
OECDAO
OECDEUR
IEATOT
IEAAM
IEAAO
IEAEUR
Region
OECD Total
OECD Americas
OECD Asia Oceania
OECD Europe
IEA Total
IEA Americas
IEA Asia Oceania
IEA Europe
Please note: there is no natural gas data for Iceland, as there is neither production nor consumption.
ii) Product
Code
Product
NATGASCM
NATGASTJ
Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres)

Natural Gas (Terajoules)
iii) Flow
Code
INDPROD
AGASPRD
NAGASPRD
COLLIERY
OTHER
OSOIL
OSCOAL
OSRENEW
TOTIMPSB
TOTEXPSB
BUNKERS
STCHANAT
INDCONC
STATDIFF
INDCONO
OSNATTER
CSNATTER
OSABR
CSABR
VENTED
FLARED
CUSHCSNAT
TOTTRANF
MAINELEC
AUTOELEC
MAINCHP
AUTOCHP
MAINHEAT
AUTOHEAT
TGASWKS
TCOKEOVS
TBLASTFUR
TGTL
TNONSPEC
Flow
Indigenous Production
Associated Gas
Non-Associated
Colliery Gas
From Other Sources
From Other Sources - Oil
From Other Sources - Coal
From Other Sources - Renewables
Imports (Balance)
Exports (Balance)
International Marine Bunkers
Stock Changes
Inland Consumption (calculated)
Statistical Difference
Inland Consumption (observed)
Opening Stock Level (National territory)
Closing Stock Level (National territory)
Opening Stock Level (Held abroad)
Closing Stock Level (Held abroad)
Gas Vented
Gas Flared
Cushion Gas Closing Stock Level
Transformation Sector - Total
Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants
Autoproducer Electricity Plants
Main Activity Producer Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plants
Autoproducer Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plants
Main Activity Producer Heat Plants
Autoproducer Heat Plants
Gas Works (Transformation)
Coke Ovens (Transformation)
Blast Furnaces (Transformation)
Gas to Liquids (Transformation)
Not Elsewhere Specified (Transformation)
TOTENGY
EMINES
EOILGASEX
EREFINER
ECOKEOVS
EBLASTFUR
EGASWKS
EPOWERPLT
ELNG
EGTL
ENONSPEC
DISTLOSS
FINCONS
TOTTRANS
ROAD
ROADBIOGAS
PIPELINE
TRNONSPE
TOTIND
IRONSTL
CHEMICAL
NONFERR
NONMET
TRANSEQ
MACHINE
MINING
FOODPRO
PAPERPRO
WOODPRO
CONSTRUC
TEXTILES
INONSPEC
TOTOTHER
COMMPUB
RESIDENT
AGRICULT
FISHING
ONONSPEC
NONENTOTAL
NONENINDUS
NONPETCH
OTHERNONENUSE
Energy Industry Own Use - Total

Coal Mines
Oil and Gas Extraction
Inputs to Oil Refineries
Coke Ovens (Energy)
Blast Furnaces (Energy)
Gas Works (Energy)
Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants
Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification
Gas to Liquids (Energy)
Not Elsewhere Specified (Energy)
Distribution Losses
Final Consumption - Total
Transport - Total
Road
of which Biogas
Pipeline Transport
Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport)
Industry - Total
Iron and Steel
Chemicals including Petrochemicals
Non-ferrous Metals
Non-metallic Mineral Products
Transport Equipment
Machinery
Mining and Quarrying
Food Processing Beverages and Tobacco
Pulp Paper and Printing
Wood and Wood Products
Construction
Textiles and Leather
Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry)
Other - Total
Commercial and Public Services
Residential
Agriculture
Fishing
Not Elsewhere Specified (Other)
Total Non-Energy Use
Non-Energy Use in Industry
of which Non-Energy use in the Chemical/Petrochemical Industry
Other Non-Energy Use
iv) Time
Yearly data from 1960 to 2015. Data for the period 1960-1970 are not available for some countries and for
regional aggregates.
OECD Imports (NGIMPORT)

i) Country
Please refer to section 2.1.i.
ii) Product
Code
NATGASCM
NATGASTJ
PIPECM
PIPETJ
LNGCM
LNGTJ
Product
of which Pipelines (Million Cubic Metres)
of which Pipelines (Terajoules)
of which LNG (Million Cubic Metres)
of which LNG (Terajoules)
iii) Import Origins

Code
ALBANIA
ALGERIA
ANGOLA
ARGENTINA
ARMENIA
AUSTRALI
AUSTRIA
AZERBAIJAN
BELARUS
BELGIUM
BOLIVIA
BOSNIAHERZ
BRUNEI
BULGARIA
CANADA
CHILE
CHINA
COLOMBIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH
DENMARK
EGYPT
EQUGUINEA
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FYROM
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE
HUNGARY
ICELAND
INDONESIA
IRAN
Origin
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China (People's Republic of)
Colombia
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Estonia
Finland
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Code
IRAQ
IRELAND
ISRAEL
ITALY
JAPAN
KAZAKHSTAN
KOREA
KOSOVO
KYRGYZSTAN
LATVIA
LIBYA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOU
MALAYSIA
MALTA
MEXICO
MONTENEGRO
MOZAMBIQUE
MYANMAR
NETHLAND
NZ
NIGERIA
NORWAY
OMAN
OTHERASIA
OTHFSU
PAPUANEWGU
PERU
POLAND
PORTUGAL
QATAR
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
SAUDIARABI
SERBIA
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITLAND
TIMORLESTE
TRINIDAD
TUNISIA
TURKEY
TURKMENIST
UKRAINE
UAE
UK
USA
UZBEKISTAN
YEMEN
FSU
FRMRYUGO
Origin
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea
Kosovo
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Montenegro
Mozambique
Myanmar
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Other Asia and Pacific
Other Former Soviet Union
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Timor-Leste
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uzbekistan
Yemen
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Code
NONSPEC
TOTIMPST
Origin
Non Specified / Other Imports
Total Imports (Trade)
iv) Time
OECD Exports (NGEXPORT)

i) Country
Please refer to section 2.1.i.
ii) Product
Code
NATGASCM
NGASTJOU
PIPECM
PIPETJ
LNGCM
LNGTJ
Product
iii) Export Destinations

Code
ALBANIA
ARGENTINA
ARMENIA
AUSTRALI
AUSTRIA
BELARUS
BELGIUM
BOSNIAHERZ
BRAZIL
BULGARIA
CANADA
CHILE
CHINA
CROATIA
CYPRUS 1
CZECH
DENMARK
DOMINICANR
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FYROM
FRANCE
GEORGIA
GERMANY
GREECE
Destination
Albania
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
1. Note by Turkey:
The information in this document with reference to Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority
representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
(TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position
concerning the Cyprus issue.
Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:
The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this
document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
Code
HONGKONG
HUNGARY
INDIA
IRELAND
ISRAEL
ITALY
JAPAN
KAZAKHSTAN
KOREA
KOZOVO
KUWAIT
KYRGYZSTAN
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOU
MALAYSIA
MALTA
MEXICO
MOLDOVA
MONTENEGRO
NETHLAND
NZ
NORWAY
OTHERLATIN
OTHFSU
POLAND
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
RUSSIA
SERBIA
SINGAPORE
SLOVAKIA
SLOVENIA
SOUTHAFRIC
SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITLAND
TAIPEI
TAJIKISTAN
THAILAND
TUNISIA
TURKEY
UAE
UKRAINE
UK
USA
UZBEKISTAN
FSU
FRMRYUGO
NONSPEC
TOTEXPST
Destination
Kong Kong, China
Hungary
India
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea
Kozovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Other Non-OECD Americas
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei
Tajikistan
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Non Specified / Other Exports
Total Exports (Trade)
iv) Time
WORLD Balance (NGWBAL)

i) Country
For OECD countries please refer to section 2.1.i.
Non-OECD Countries:
Code
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
BRAZIL
COLOMBIA
COSTARICA
CUBA
DOMINICANR
ELSALVADOR
ECUADOR
GUATEMALA
HAITI
HONDURAS
JAMAICA
CURACAO
NICARAGUA
PANAMA
PARAGUAY
PERU
SURINAME
TRINIDAD
URUGUAY
VENEZUELA
OTHERLATIN
LATAMER
ALBANIA
BULGARIA
CROATIA
CYPRUS
GIBRALTAR
MALTA
ROMANIA
SERBIA
MONTENEGRO
OTHFYUGO
FRMRYUGO
NOECDEUR
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BELARUS
GEORGIA
KAZAKHSTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
LATVIA
Country
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Ecuador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Curaao
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other Latin America
Latin America
Albania
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Gibraltar
Malta
Romania
Serbia
Montenegro
Other Former Yugoslavia
Former Yugoslavia
Non-OECD Europe
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Code
LITHUANIA
MOLDOVA
RUSSIA
TAJIKISTAN
TURKMENIST
UKRAINE
UZBEKISTAN
OTHFUSSR
FSU
ALGERIA
ANGOLA
BENIN
CAMEROON
CONGO
COTEIVOIRE
CONGOREP
EGYPT
ERITREA
ETHIOPIA
GABON
GHANA
KENYA
LIBYA
MOROCCO
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
NIGERIA
SENEGAL
SOUTHAFRIC
SUDAN
TANZANIA
TOGO
TUNISIA
ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE
OTHERAFRIC
AFRICA
BAHRAIN
IRAN
IRAQ
JORDAN
KUWAIT
LEBANON
MONGOLIA
OMAN
QATAR
SAUDIARABI
SYRIA
UAE
YEMEN
MIDEAST
BANGLADESH
Country
Lithuania
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Cameroon
Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of Congo
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Ghana
Kenya
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Africa
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Mongolia
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syrian Arab Republic
Yemen
Middle East
Bangladesh
Code
BRUNEI
INDIA
INDONESIA
MALAYSIA
MYANMAR
NEPAL
KOREADPR
PAKISTAN
PHILIPPINE
SINGAPORE
SRILANKA
TAIPEI
THAILAND
VIETNAM
OTHERASIA
ASIA
HONGKONG
CHINA
CHINAREG
NOECDTOT
WORLD
Country
Brunei Darussalam
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Nepal
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Viet Nam
Other Asia
Asia (excluding China)
Hong Kong (China)
China (Region)
Non OECD Total
World
ii) Product
Code
NATGASCM
NATGASTJ
Product
iii) Balance
Code
INDPROD
TOTIMPSB
TOTEXPSB
INDCONO
Flow
Imports (Balance)
Exports (Balance)
Inland Consumption (observed)
iv) Time
WORLD Imports (NGWIMP)

i) Country
For OECD countries please refer to section 2.4.i.
ii) Product
Code
NATGASCM
NATGASTJ
PIPECM
PIPETJ
LNGCM
LNGTJ
Product
iii) Import Origins

Please refer to section 2.2.iii
iv) Time
Yearly data from 1993 to 2015.
4. DEFINITIONS
Product Definition
Natural gas comprises gases, occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly
of methane. It includes both non-associated gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous
form, and associated gas produced in association with crude oil as well as methane recovered from coal mines
(colliery gas). Manufactured gas (produced from municipal or industrial waste, or sewage) and quantities vented
or flared are not included. Data in million cubic metres are measured at 15oC and at 760 mmHg, i.e. Standard
Conditions. Data in terajoules are on a gross calorific basis.
Flow Definitions
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
INDPROD
All dry marketable production within national boundaries,

including offshore production. Production is measured after
purification and extraction of NGLs and sulphur. Extraction
losses and quantities reinjected, vented or flared, are not
included. Production includes quantities used within the
natural gas industry; in gas extraction, pipeline systems and
processing plants.
Associated Gas
AGASPRD
Natural gas produced in association with crude oil.
Non-Associated Gas
NAGASPRD
Natural gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons

only in gaseous form.
Colliery Gas
COLLIERY
Methane produced at coal mines, piped to the surface and

consumed at collieries or transmitted by pipeline to
consumers.
From Other Sources
OTHER
Supplies of fuel of which production is covered in other fuel

energy balances but which are blended with natural gas, and
consumed as a blend. The origin of the fuel could be oil,
coal and renewables.
From Other Sources Oil
OSOIL
From Other Sources of which from Oil (See From Other

Sources).
From Other Sources Coal
OSCOAL
From Other Sources of which from Coal (See From Other

Sources).
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
From Other Sources Renewables
OSRENEW
From Other Sources of which from Renewables (See From

Other Sources).
Imports (Balance)
TOTIMPSB
Amounts are regarded as imported when they have crossed

the political boundaries of the country, whether customs
clearance has taken place or not. Imports of liquefied
natural gas should cover only the dry marketable equivalent
after regasification. Imports by country of origin shown in
NGIMPORT concern imports of gas by ultimate origin for
use in the country.
Exports (Balance)
TOTEXPSB
Amounts are regarded as imported or exported when they

have crossed the political boundaries of the country,
whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Exports
by country of destination shown in NGEXPORT concern
exports of domestically produced gas by ultimate
destination.
International Marine
Bunkers
BUNKERS
Quantities of LNG or natural gas used by ships of all flags

that are engaged in international navigation. The
international navigation may take place at sea, on inland
lakes and waterways, and in coastal waters.
Stock Changes
STCHANAT
This is the change in stock level of recoverable gas held on

national territory; the difference between opening stock
level at the first day of the year and closing stock level at
the last day of the year of stocks held on national territory.
A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock
draw as a positive number.
Inland Consumption
(Calculated)
INDCONC
Inland consumption calculated is defined as:

+
+
From Other Sources
+
Imports
Exports
+
Stock Changes
Statistical Difference
STATDIFF
This is the difference between calculated and observed

Inland Consumption. National administrations sometimes
obtain the data components of domestic availability from a
variety of sources. Owing to differences in concepts,
coverage, timing and definitions, observed and calculated
consumption are often not identical.
Inland Consumption
(Observed)
INDCONO
Represents deliveries of marketable gas to the inland

market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating
and operation of their equipment (i.e. consumption in gas
extraction, in the pipeline system and in processing plants)
and including losses in distribution.
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
Opening Stock Level

(National territory)
OSNATTER
Refers to opening stock levels held on national territory, at

the first day of the year (including government controlled
stocks).
Closing Stock Level

(National territory)
CSNATTER
Refers to closing stock levels held on national territory, at

the last day of the year (including government controlled
stocks).
Opening Stock Level

(Held abroad)
OSABR
Refers to opening stock levels held abroad, at the first day

of the year (including government controlled stocks). These
amounts are not included in the stock changes.
Closing Stock Level

(Held abroad)
CSABR
Refers to closing stock levels held abroad, at the last day of

the year (including government controlled stocks). These
amounts are not included in the stock changes.
Gas Vented
VENTED
The volume of gas released into the air on the production

site or at the gas processing plant.
Gas Flared
FLARED
The volume of gas burned in flares on the production site or

at the gas processing plant.
Cushion Gas Closing

Stock Level
CUSHCSNAT
Total volume of gas required as a permanent inventory to

maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures
and deliverability rates throughout the output cycle. These
amounts are not included in the stock levels or stock
changes.
Transformation - Total
TOTTRANF
Comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electricity,

combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An
autoproducer is an industrial establishment which, in
addition to its main activities, generates electricity, wholly
or partly for its own use. It includes railway's own
production of electricity. Heat plants and combined heat and
power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat
which is sold to a third party. Transformation sector also
comprises fuels used as feedstocks in gas works, coke
ovens, blast furnaces and the petrochemical industry.
Main Activity Producer

Electricity Plants
MAINELEC
Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity in

main activity producer electricity plants, whose primary
purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute electricity.
Autoproducer
Electricity Plants
AUTOELEC
Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity by an

enterprise which, in addition to its main activities, generates
electricity wholly or partly for its own use, e.g. industrial
establishments, railways, refineries, etc.

Combined Heat and
Power Plants
MAINCHP
Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer combined

heat and power plants which generate electricity and useful
heat in a single installation.
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
Autoproducer
Combined Heat and
Power Plants
AUTOCHP
Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer combined heat and

power plants which generate electricity and useful heat in a
single installation. All fuel inputs for electricity production
are taken into account, while for heat production, only that
part of inputs to heat which is sold to third parties (e.g. to a
network) is shown.

Heat Plants
MAINHEAT
Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer plants

which are designed to produce heat only.
Autoproducer Heat
Plants
AUTOHEAT
Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer plants which are

designed to produce heat only. Data for autoproducer heat
plants represent inputs of fuel to plants which sell heat to a
third party under the provisions of a contract.
Gas Works
(Transformation)
TGASWKS
Natural gas used in gas works and gasification plants. Gas

used for heating and operation of equipment is not included
here but reported in the Energy sector.
Coke Ovens
(Transformation)
TCOKEOVS
Natural gas used in coke ovens. Gas used for heating and
operation of equipment is not included here but reported in
the Energy sector.
Blast Furnaces
(Transformation)
TBLASTFUR
Natural gas used in blast furnaces.
Gas to Liquids
(Transformation)
TGTL
Natural gas used as feedstock for the conversion to liquids

e.g. the quantities of fuel entering the methanol production
process for transformation into methanol.
Not Elsewhere
Specified
(Transformation)
TNONSPEC
Natural gas used in transformation activities not included

elsewhere.
Energy Industry Own

Use - Total
TOTENGY
Natural gas consumed by energy industry to support the

extraction (mining, oil and gas production) or
transformation activity. ISIC Divisions 05, 06, 19, 35,
Group 091, Class 0892 and 0721 (NACE Divisions 05, 06,
19, 35, Group 09.1, Class 08.92 and 07.21). Quantities of
natural gas transformed into another energy form are
reported under the Transformation sector. Natural gas
consumed in support of the operation of oil and gas
pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.
Coal Mines
EMINES
Natural gas consumed to support the extraction and

preparation of coal within the coal mining industry.
Oil and Gas Extraction
EOILGASEX
Natural gas consumed in the oil and gas extraction process

and in natural gas processing plants. Pipeline losses are
reported as distribution losses, and natural gas used to
operate the pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.
Inputs to Oil Refineries
EREFINER
Own consumption of natural gas in oil refineries.
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
Coke Ovens (Energy)
ECOKEOVS
Own consumption of natural gas at coking plants.
Blast Furnaces (Energy)
EBLASTFUR
Natural gas consumed in blast furnaces operations.
Gas Works (Energy)
EGASWKS
Own consumption of natural gas at gas works and

gasification plants.
Electricity, CHP and

Heat Plants
EPOWERPLT
Own consumption of natural gas in electric plants,

combined heat and power plants, and heat plants.
Liquefaction (LNG) /
Regasification
ELNG
Natural gas consumed as fuel at gas liquefaction and

regasification plants.
Gas to Liquids (Energy)
EGTL
Natural gas consumed as fuel at the Gas-to-Liquid

conversion plants.
Not Elsewhere
Specified (Energy)
ENONSPEC
Natural gas used in energy activities not included elsewhere.
Distribution Losses
DISTLOSS
Losses due to transport and distribution, as well as pipeline

losses.
Final Consumption
FINCONS
Final consumption is the sum of consumption by the

different end-use sectors (in the Transport, Industry and
Other sectors). It excludes deliveries for transformation
and/or own use of the energy producing industries.
Transport - Total
TOTTRANS
Natural gas consumed for all transport activity irrespective

of the economic sector in which the activity occurs. ISIC
Divisions 49, 50 and 51 (NACE Divisions 49, 50 and 51).
Road
ROAD
Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use in road vehicles.

Excludes natural gas consumed in stationary engines, which
is reported under Other Sectors.
of which Biogas
ROADBIOGAS
Amounts of biogas included in road consumption.
Pipeline Transport
PIPELINE
Natural gas used in support of the operation of oil and gas

pipelines.
Not Elsewhere
Specified (Transport)
TRNONSPE
Natural gas used in transport activities not included

elsewhere.
Industry - Total
TOTIND
Natural gas consumed by the industrial undertaking in

support of its primary activities. Includes quantities of
natural gas consumed in heat only and CHP plants for the
production of heat used by the plant itself. Quantities of
natural gas consumed for production of heat that is sold and
for the production of electricity, are reported under the
appropriate Transformation sector.
Iron and Steel
IRONSTL
ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431 (NACE Divisions 24.1,

24.2, 24.3, 24.51 and 24.52).
Chemicals including
Petrochemicals
CHEMICAL
ISIC Division 20, 21 (NACE Division 20, 21).. Excludes

petrochemical feedstocks.
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
Non-Ferrous Metals
NONFERR
ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432 (NACE Group 24.4 and
Classes 24.53, 24.54).
Non-Metallic Mineral
Products
NONMET
ISIC Division 23 (NACE Division 23). This category

includes glass, ceramic, cement and other building materials
industries.
Transport Equipment
TRANSEQ
ISIC Divisions 29 and 30 (NACE Divisions 29 and 30).
Machinery
MACHINE
ISIC Divisions 25, 26, 27 and 28 (NACE Divisions 25, 26,

27 and 28). This category includes fabricated metal
products, machinery and equipment other than transport
equipment.
Mining and Quarrying
MINING
ISIC Divisions 07, 08 and Group 099 (NACE Divisions 07

08 and Group 09.9).
Food Processing,
Beverages and Tobacco
FOODPRO
ISIC Divisions 10, 11 and 12 (NACE Divisions 10, 11 and

12).
Pulp, Paper and Printing
PAPERPRO
ISIC Divisions 17 and 18. (NACE Divisions 17 and 18).

This category includes reproduction of recorded media.
Wood and Wood

Products
WOODPRO
ISIC Division 16 (NACE Division 16).
Construction
CONSTRUC
ISIC Division 41, 42 and 43 (NACE Division 41, 42 and

43).
Textile and Leather
TEXTILES
ISIC Divisions 13-15 (NACE Divisions 13-15).
Not Elsewhere
Specified (Industry)
INONSPEC
Any manufacturing industry not included elsewhere. ISIC

and NACE Divisions 22, 31
and 32.
Other - Total
TOTOTHER
Natural gas consumed in sectors not include elsewhere.
Commercial and Public

Services
COMMPUB
Natural gas consumed by businesses and offices in the

public and private sectors. ISIC and NACE Divisions 33,
36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 46, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80,
81, 82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 99.
Residential
RESIDENT
Natural gas consumed by all households including

households with employed persons. (ISIC and NACE
Divisions 97 and 98).
Agriculture
AGRICULT
Natural gas consumption by users classified as agriculture,

fishing (ocean, coastal and inland fishing), hunting and
forestry. ISIC Divisions 01 and 02 (NACE Divisions 01 and
02).
Flow Definitions
Flow
Short name
Definition
Fishing
FISHING
Natural gas delivered for inland, coastal and deep-sea

fishing. Fishing should cover fuels delivered to ships of all
flags that have refueled in the country (include international
fishing). Also include energy used in the fishing industry as
specified in ISIC Division 03 (NACE Division 03).
Not Elsewhere
Specified (Other)
ONONSPEC
All activities not included elsewhere; includes military use.
Total Non-Energy Use
NONENTOTAL
Total non-energy use of natural gas.
Non-Energy Use in
Industry
Non-energy use of natural gas for Industry.

NONENINDUS
of which Non-Energy
use in the
Chemical/Petrochemical
Industry
NONPETCH
Other Non-Energy Use
OTHERNONENUSE
Feedstocks to the petrochemical industry (ISIC Rev. 4

Group 201).
Non-energy use of natural gas in Transport and Other

sectors.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE
Countries and Regions
Country/Region
Short name
Definition
Australia
AUSTRALI
Excludes the overseas territories.
Austria
AUSTRIA
Belgium
BELGIUM
Canada
CANADA
Chile
CHILE
Czech Republic
CZECH
Denmark
DENMARK
Excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
Estonia
ESTONIA
Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are
included in Former Soviet Union.
Finland
FINLAND
France
FRANCE
France includes Monaco, and excludes the following overseas

departments and territories: French Guiana, French Polynesia,
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Runion, Saint
Pierre and Miquelon, and Wallis and Futuna.
Germany
GERMANY
Includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards.
Greece
GREECE
Hungary
HUNGARY
Iceland
ICELAND
Ireland
IRELAND
Israel
ISRAEL
Italy
ITALY
Italy includes San Marino and the Holy See.
Japan
JAPAN
Includes Okinawa.
Korea
KOREA
Luxembourg
LUXEMBOU
Mexico
MEXICO
Countries and Regions

Country/Region
Short name
Definition
Netherlands
NETHLAND
Excludes Suriname, Aruba and the other former Netherland Antilles

(Bonaire, Curaao, Saba, Saint Eustatius and Sint Maarten).
New Zealand
NZ
Norway
NORWAY
Poland
POLAND
Portugal
PORTUGAL
Slovak Republic
SLOVAKIA
Slovenia
SLOVENIA
Data for Slovenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are
included in Former Yugoslavia.
Spain
SPAIN
Includes the Canary Islands.
Sweden
SWEDEN
Switzerland
SWITLAND
Turkey
TURKEY
United Kingdom
UK
United States
USA
Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
OECD Total
OECDTOT
Includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia (from 1990), Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea,
Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia (from 1990), Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
OECD Americas
OECDAM
Includes Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States.
OECD Asia Oceania
OECDAO
Includes Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.
OECD Europe1
OECDEUR
Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia (from

1990), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the
Slovak Republic, Slovenia (from 1990), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
IEA
IEATOT
Includes OECD countries except Chile, Iceland, Israel, Mexico and

Slovenia.
IEA Americas
IEAAM
Includes Canada and the United States.
IEA Asia Oceania
IEAAO
Includes Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand.
IEA Europe
IEAEUR
IEA Europe includes IEA countries except Australia, Canada, Japan,

Korea, New Zealand and the United States.
Includes the Azores and Madeira.
Does not include Liechtenstein.
1.
Latvia was not an OECD Member at the time of the preparation of this publication. Accordingly, Latvia does not appear in
the list of OECD Members and is not included in the zone aggregates.
II.4 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition)
Table 3. World natural gas production

Million cubic metres
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
75 341
625
12 428
615 085
703 479
109 071
1 679
25 579
506 604
642 933
181 673
1 902
36 720
544 335
764 630
159 929
1 848
50 955
603 857
816 589
155 734
1 225
47 042
680 796
884 797
156 081
965
45 798
685 677
888 521
164 103
790
44 795
728 864
938 552
163 528
951
42 033
768 975
975 487
4 048
54
2 595
481
7 178
20 475
34
2 245
4 910
27 664
32 819
9
2 636
6 324
41 788
52 651
3 240
3 526
541
4 832
64 790
54 017
2 490
3 351
436
4 648
64 942
61 725
6 380
3 061
463
4 791
76 420
62 642
7 510
2 859
322
5 241
78 574
66 002
8 280
2 864
188
4 975
82 309
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
OECD Europe1
2 365
48
474
..
8 046
23 124
4 879
15 407
75 064
6 458
496
..
1
29 210
165 572
1 359
12
262
3 137
2 857
18 919
123
4 874
2 318
17 296
76 249
27 642
4 095
438
24
1 471
4
212
49 672
210 964
1 904
2
219
8 153
1 878
22 049
36
3 194
1 186
16 633
72 821
53 293
5 224
173
7
171
639
115 386
302 968
1 702
246
8 219
777
15 069
7
2 900
277
8 406
88 510
111 533
6 079
104
7
51
682
59 776
304 345
1 803
263
5 762
523
13 088
6
2 234
209
8 605
80 142
118 980
6 317
150
2
61
632
41 121
279 898
1 449
252
4 851
340
12 220
6
1 960
179
7 735
86 188
112 942
6 206
124
3
57
537
38 532
273 581
1 321
259
4 634
14
9 469
5
1 858
152
7 149
69 969
112 582
6 080
100
3
24
479
38 577
252 675
1 263
247
4 593
21
8 701
4
1 768
132
6 771
53 296
121 646
6 078
93
3
62
393
41 286
246 357
IEA Total
863 122
854 245
1 070 748
1 129 674
1 178 878
1 185 376
1 216 703
1 252 886
876 229
881 561
1 109 386
1 185 724
1 229 637
1 238 522
1 269 801
1 304 153
6 629
2 036
195
1 903
14
315
1 900
9 094
3
22 089
20 326
3 333
3 823
4 537
34
422
5 613
17 556
30
55 674
40 997
4 805
7 162
7 338
574
511
14 565
22 905
39
98 896
42 251
14 746
14 737
12 673
1 072
7 897
42 812
22 012
438
158 638
40 812
18 278
19 178
12 586
1 034
12 419
41 026
23 345
713
169 391
38 705
20 816
21 182
12 753
1 066
12 879
41 206
22 498
804
171 909
38 854
21 988
22 753
13 318
1 200
13 633
40 981
22 577
824
176 128
39 903
21 922
24 346
12 705
1 200
13 197
38 604
24 812
824
177 513
191
212
-
243
9 926
297
14
1 983
61
7 114
11
5 642
257
15
1 659
69
9 086
14
16 661
213
73
2 727
8
28 330
17
17 684
218
383
2 013
6
30 710
19
18 298
228
290
1 856
5
32 952
32
19 287
222
197
1 747
10
33 597
37
19 499
225
197
1 747
11
35 344
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
OECD Americas
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
OECD Asia Oceania
OECD Total
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Other
Non-OECD Americas
Albania
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Totals may not add up due to rounding.

2015 data are provisional for the OECD and are estimates for the non-OECD countries.
1. OECD Europe and OECD Total include Estonia and Slovenia from 1990.
NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition) - II.5
Table 3. World natural gas production (continued)

1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
30 069
241 183
1 561
273 216
83
28 336
628 892
651
112
84 881
27 886
40 729
831 208
32
13 750
572 817
769
39
47 153
17 884
56 401
..
..
725 584
23
10 855
657 291
387
23
45 300
20 171
60 110
..
..
842 186
29
10 935
658 061
533
11
69 050
20 142
62 910
..
..
872 702
33
10 854
685 423
531
4
78 440
20 949
59 630
..
..
909 512
32
11 056
629 948
557
3
80 050
19 710
61 740
..
..
858 188
32
11 056
637 875
557
3
83 492
19 178
58 776
..
..
868 029
4 278
67
89
1
490
4 185
72
434
109
2
9 727
45 684
540
8 242
110
6 200
53
4 000
1 842
352
8
67 031
82 132
570
1 581
17 673
2
126
5 880
47
1
12 460
1 711
2 006
1
124 190
84 620
740
318
1 655
56 814
6 740
332
16 810
53
3 024
32 540
1 543
3 631
917
209 737
85 280
760
272
1 780
54 106
6 370
380
12 200
79
3 557
41 201
1 170
3 320
1 257
211 732
81 019
930
469
2 044
55 247
6 550
312
12 800
97
3 614
37 166
1 255
3 326
1 273
206 102
82 556
740
681
2 061
56 462
6 160
341
12 450
99
3 915
42 420
1 064
3 003
1 223
213 175
82 308
666
681
2 063
51 437
6 160
341
11 678
99
3 993
43 693
1 011
3 003
1 223
208 356
Bahrain
Iraq
Iran
Jordan
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Middle East
1 645
1 210
11 884
6 069
1 450
1 880
1 251
25 389
5 420
3 980
22 602
151
4 028
3 008
6 245
23 856
1 689
20 110
91 089
8 381
3 150
58 927
317
9 600
11 182
24 479
37 680
5 700
36 830
196 246
12 939
5 129
143 877
203
11 733
29 336
120 568
73 330
8 940
51 300
6 012
463 367
13 061
7 036
156 365
180
15 515
32 180
144 361
81 092
6 450
54 300
7 600
518 140
14 246
6 985
156 746
166
16 311
34 790
163 253
81 954
5 300
54 600
10 330
544 681
14 934
6 758
174 631
145
15 029
33 286
159 994
85 126
4 900
54 200
9 740
558 743
14 934
7 488
183 886
145
15 705
34 285
163 994
86 829
4 515
58 753
2 854
573 388
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Philippines
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Viet Nam
Other
Asia
639
1 831
762
381
118
107
3 827
1 505
2 690
11 860
4 778
9 472
12 766
48 280
18 356
956
14 105
1 290
6 384
3
299
116 689
9 411
11 285
27 860
70 083
50 444
6 132
23 626
11
747
19 990
1 349
251
221 189
19 906
12 283
51 249
85 715
60 459
12 050
38 594
3 681
296
31 607
9 788
6 230
331 858
21 048
12 565
39 777
77 142
60 994
12 000
39 093
3 810
397
33 497
9 943
6 443
316 709
22 696
12 207
34 638
76 477
68 960
12 320
38 216
3 510
343
36 283
10 267
7 158
323 075
23 279
11 852
32 783
75 271
69 736
15 140
37 896
3 691
341
37 049
10 751
7 637
325 426
24 704
12 492
31 668
72 712
68 760
16 048
39 980
3 506
336
35 048
11 246
7 637
324 137
Kyrgyzstan
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Non-OECD Europe/Eurasia
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Cte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia
Other
Africa
China (People's Rep.)

Non-OECD
World
5 986
15 300
27 200
95 791
110 608
120 860
130 157
133 932
348 267
1 176 991
1 393 305
2 101 577
2 199 282
2 276 139
2 261 817
2 285 355
1 224 496
2 058 552
2 502 691
3 287 301
3 428 919
3 514 661
3 531 618
3 589 508

Table 4. World natural gas production

Terajoules
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
OECD Americas
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
OECD Asia Oceania
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
OECD Europe1
IEA Total
1
OECD Total
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Other
Non-OECD Americas
Albania
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
2 855 419
24 457
490 563
23 388 315
26 758 754
4 120 688
65 611
1 058 653
19 455 013
24 699 965
6 901 752
74 346
1 553 098
20 792 062
29 321 258
6 160 446
71 948
1 980 921
23 017 554
31 230 869
6 033 139
47 895
1 896 659
25 975 611
33 953 304
6 063 762
37 781
1 883 374
26 238 464
34 223 381
6 400 017
30 881
1 733 745
28 026 934
36 191 577
6 377 592
37 248
1 626 858
29 426 167
37 467 865
157 311
2 097
106 475
13 147
279 030
797 340
1 316
89 204
180 122
1 067 982
1 327 693
365
106 340
235 212
1 669 610
2 069 199
124 306
149 324
22 579
179 342
2 544 750
2 122 863
95 536
142 181
18 203
176 667
2 555 450
2 425 770
244 788
128 830
19 328
187 169
3 005 885
2 461 826
288 144
120 336
13 425
204 030
3 087 761
2 593 879
317 687
120 569
7 854
188 928
3 228 917
91 006
1 913
16 884
17
..
292 687
764 857
187 345
587 010
2 501 073
226 591
18 006
..
59
1 137 344
5 824 792
51 529
450
9 337
128 852
117 032
629 513
6 426
177 314
87 127
652 664
2 540 607
1 123 348
110 621
15 734
940
59 228
140
8 120
1 903 851
7 622 833
72 030
96
7 876
344 785
69 999
735 038
1 968
115 143
44 581
633 716
2 427 790
2 153 038
154 138
6 182
281
6 883
24 474
4 538 225
11 336 243
64 994
9 382
341 583
30 044
516 989
354
103 967
10 425
320 268
2 950 851
4 429 083
171 797
4 108
279
2 074
26 134
2 394 299
11 376 631
68 829
9 951
240 000
21 000
445 142
321
82 252
7 896
327 851
2 671 859
4 687 823
181 744
5 917
80
2 409
24 223
1 630 102
10 407 399
55 364
9 579
199 194
13 460
412 433
270
71 840
6 751
294 704
2 873 445
4 447 408
177 852
4 856
120
2 318
20 592
1 529 125
10 119 311
50 475
9 859
192 944
583
319 315
253
66 863
5 711
272 377
2 332 717
4 418 921
173 349
3 900
120
968
18 357
1 531 939
9 398 651
48 263
9 529
191 742
891
306 015
219
63 687
4 989
257 975
1 775 823
4 772 975
171 329
3 620
120
2 519
15 038
1 659 633
9 284 367
32 345 459
32 264 260
40 699 021
42 974 796
44 875 983
45 182 514
46 625 099
47 999 236
32 862 576
33 390 780
42 327 111
45 152 250
46 916 153
47 348 577
48 677 989
49 981 149
267 382
78 598
7 673
65 840
520
14 142
73 992
403 570
117
911 834
791 577
128 604
150 708
156 984
1 209
18 953
218 535
779 157
1 132
2 246 859
1 596 643
187 112
282 344
253 864
21 217
22 977
567 130
1 016 539
1 479
3 949 305
1 645 453
574 209
581 010
438 454
39 636
354 751
1 666 981
891 379
20 888
6 212 761
1 589 406
711 747
756 090
435 444
38 230
557 881
1 597 441
945 369
24 863
6 656 471
1 507 070
810 573
835 093
441 211
39 396
578 551
1 604 456
911 044
28 048
6 755 442
1 512 840
856 197
897 051
460 779
44 345
612 438
1 595 661
914 262
28 755
6 922 328
1 553 703
853 643
959 841
439 568
44 348
592 836
1 503 124
1 004 762
28 745
6 980 570
7 413
7 810
-
9 453
374 210
11 197
525
75 328
2 293
268 198
419
212 703
9 926
573
63 023
2 599
354 597
538
650 779
8 226
2 749
103 028
251
1 144 686
615
690 749
8 420
14 341
76 050
202
1 328 534
678
714 716
8 806
10 879
70 119
183
1 428 235
1 155
753 335
8 574
7 419
67 163
399
1 454 817
1 335
761 631
8 690
7 427
67 162
428
1 530 466

1. OECD Europe and OECD Total include Estonia and Slovenia from 1990.
Table 4. World natural gas production (continued)

Terajoules
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
1 130 968
9 092 601
61 724
10 300 516
3 114
1 065 811
24 042 556
24 548
4 218
3 200 000
1 051 313
1 535 495
31 668 259
1 256
510 237
21 898 778
29 003
1 474
1 777 668
697 834
2 136 977
..
..
27 697 067
890
400 938
25 128 116
14 342
866
1 716 372
717 826
2 277 508
..
..
32 167 115
1 132
403 919
25 157 696
19 762
422
2 616 235
716 824
2 383 597
4
..
..
33 418 502
1 288
400 076
26 203 721
19 676
144
2 972 013
745 543
2 259 321
4
..
..
34 835 402
1 249
407 772
24 082 912
20 639
122
3 033 014
699 017
2 339 267
3
..
..
32 876 857
1 249
407 767
24 385 961
20 632
114
3 163 428
680 148
2 226 964
..
..
33 263 402
169 250
2 536
3 390
37
18 465
159 045
2 721
16 491
5 240
89
377 264
1 807 498
20 520
313 196
6
4 140
235 600
2 014
152 000
70 000
15 402
259
2 620 635
3 249 534
21 660
58 938
671 574
57
4 745
223 440
1 768
39
473 480
65 024
87 716
26
4 858 001
3 348 004
28 120
12 070
61 712
2 158 923
256 120
12 510
638 780
2 090
124 783
1 236 538
58 640
143 116
34 833
8 116 239
3 374 117
28 880
10 345
66 359
2 056 013
242 060
14 343
463 600
3 140
146 793
1 565 634
44 468
131 759
47 714
8 195 225
3 205 532
35 340
17 816
76 205
2 099 378
248 900
11 755
486 400
3 852
149 163
1 412 306
47 702
131 467
48 274
7 974 090
3 266 332
28 120
25 862
76 838
2 145 567
234 080
12 864
473 100
3 935
161 552
1 611 963
40 425
119 881
46 364
8 246 883
3 256 516
25 308
25 878
76 915
1 954 606
234 080
12 856
443 764
3 929
164 791
1 660 334
38 418
119 880
46 360
8 063 635
62 494
45 980
205 971
151 240
318 493
119 700
491 691
194 889
496 317
267 372
541 344
265 434
567 492
256 790
567 492
284 544
Iran
Jordan
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Middle East
467 705
230 607
60 040
71 441
48 782
987 049
889 511
4 724
153 077
113 389
258 557
906 515
63 687
784 290
3 530 961
2 319 139
9 909
364 800
421 397
1 013 434
1 431 846
214 890
1 436 370
7 649 978
5 662 412
6 345
445 854
1 105 510
4 991 505
2 786 550
337 038
1 932 933
250 212
18 204 939
6 153 898
5 623
589 570
1 218 502
5 976 547
3 081 481
243 165
2 045 970
304 676
20 383 121
6 168 912
5 188
619 826
1 317 306
6 758 673
3 114 266
199 810
2 057 273
414 119
21 462 151
6 872 781
4 536
571 094
1 260 364
6 623 756
3 234 801
184 730
2 042 202
390 467
22 009 013
7 237 017
4 527
596 790
1 298 202
6 789 352
3 299 502
170 216
2 213 754
114 414
22 575 810
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Philippines
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Viet Nam
Other
Asia
24 322
71 433
29 352
15 456
4 642
3 976
133 215
56 701
102 207
441 304
173 388
369 588
491 746
1 960 177
720 455
35 359
468 924
48 602
232 344
126
11 379
4 512 088
343 356
440 350
1 073 167
2 845 363
1 979 891
240 807
775 456
407
27 829
727 539
52 083
9 536
8 515 784
773 579
477 733
1 998 711
3 480 020
2 372 939
473 191
1 255 377
141 915
11 037
1 150 367
377 925
236 738
12 749 532
817 943
488 733
1 551 303
3 131 982
2 393 966
471 228
1 262 350
146 887
14 806
1 219 151
383 930
244 842
12 127 121
881 997
474 775
1 350 882
3 104 946
2 706 600
483 794
1 234 032
135 296
12 764
1 320 549
396 443
272 016
12 374 094
904 663
461 001
1 278 543
3 055 983
2 737 051
594 533
1 223 696
142 290
12 706
1 348 418
415 104
290 191
12 464 179
960 022
485 876
1 235 052
2 952 107
2 698 761
630 189
1 290 994
135 153
12 520
1 275 607
434 231
290 206
12 400 718
Kyrgyzstan
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Cte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia
Other
Africa
Bahrain
Iraq
233 032
595 644
1 058 923
3 729 239
4 306 080
4 705 201
5 067 142
5 214 107
Non-OECD
13 250 999
45 174 446
53 729 058
81 179 825
85 086 520
88 106 380
87 586 402
88 498 242
World
46 113 575
78 565 226
96 056 169
126 332 075
132 002 673
135 454 957
136 264 391
138 479 391

Table 5. World natural gas consumption

Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
OECD Americas
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
OECD Asia Oceania
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
1
OECD Europe
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
43 386
625
12 371
624 088
680 470
67 319
1 360
25 996
530 159
624 834
91 537
6 196
41 689
661 261
800 683
97 309
5 296
69 975
683 107
855 687
105 261
4 880
76 207
723 098
909 446
112 189
4 890
72 876
739 301
929 256
116 553
4 048
74 397
754 647
949 645
102 463
4 471
77 560
777 970
962 464
3 839
54
6 777
481
11 151
17 684
33
58 107
3 042
4 888
83 754
22 567
9
82 737
18 932
6 327
130 572
34 742
5 316
108 913
43 165
4 707
196 843
36 582
2 550
131 609
50 222
4 505
225 468
37 728
8 106
130 686
52 559
4 811
233 890
38 515
8 676
131 316
47 397
5 387
231 291
38 764
8 451
123 878
43 539
5 026
219 658
3 993
8 257
1 279
..
17 136
41 301
5 049
17 095
289
40 382
8 138
2 001
..
1 064
180
30 027
176 191
6 425
9 645
6 573
2 058
1 516
2 681
28 232
69 723
123
11 167
2 317
47 405
493
43 022
2 262
12 096
6 363
852
5 742
616
1 994
3 468
58 312
323 085
8 113
15 683
9 236
4 894
826
4 210
39 753
87 751
2 052
12 034
4 013
70 745
758
49 204
4 109
13 346
2 280
7 136
1 014
17 578
805
2 972
14 835
101 812
475 159
9 896
19 814
9 280
4 972
701
4 719
48 319
94 512
3 850
12 132
5 504
83 097
1 364
54 912
6 122
17 155
5 140
6 099
1 060
35 824
1 572
3 682
38 127
99 177
567 030
8 926
17 855
8 386
3 908
657
3 684
42 141
85 761
4 267
10 130
4 732
74 915
1 214
45 558
5 612
18 097
4 490
5 289
872
32 397
1 178
3 584
45 254
78 191
507 098
8 594
18 020
8 466
3 736
678
3 492
43 945
87 720
3 842
9 331
4 536
70 069
1 034
46 074
5 675
18 229
4 264
5 510
850
29 628
1 077
3 777
45 918
77 958
502 423
7 845
15 784
7 522
3 182
530
3 063
36 724
79 212
2 924
8 745
4 387
61 912
978
40 258
6 057
17 658
4 079
4 535
769
27 231
933
3 281
48 726
70 456
456 791
8 371
17 005
7 868
3 171
471
2 720
39 087
81 370
3 138
9 044
4 396
67 523
879
40 297
6 725
18 320
4 741
4 639
816
27 857
812
3 509
47 645
71 770
472 174
IEA Total
854 762
1 003 432
1 357 506
1 537 913
1 557 503
1 578 847
1 549 837
1 562 998
OECD Total1
867 812
1 031 673
1 406 414
1 619 560
1 642 012
1 665 569
1 637 727
1 654 296
8 265
101
372
1 903
45
311
1 900
9 093
21 990
22 499
748
3 874
4 326
81
462
5 613
16 773
29
54 405
37 305
1 227
9 316
7 338
601
496
10 233
23 084
425
90 025
46 480
2 901
27 164
10 601
1 092
5 692
21 931
29 180
2 092
147 133
49 984
3 408
32 218
10 387
1 054
6 861
21 185
24 970
2 623
152 690
50 076
3 538
37 742
11 234
1 087
6 452
21 441
24 352
2 734
158 656
51 641
3 848
41 286
11 235
1 219
8 089
21 543
23 416
2 760
165 037
52 054
3 781
39 819
10 880
1 200
8 428
21 103
25 210
2 741
165 216
191
212
-
243
4 497
17 844
15 479
488
6 717
2 687
5 624
13 183
11
1 382
5 958
17 175
245
3 616
2 705
65
1 176
7 836
14
1 593
9 320
21 862
245
2 795
3 242
116
1 130
25 567
17
2 379
10 739
20 402
257
2 970
2 972
140
1 967
25 176
19
2 302
10 743
20 586
200
2 883
2 810
156
1 917
27 044
32
2 271
11 458
20 427
186
2 860
2 444
134
2 193
28 553
32
2 163
11 278
19 181
233
2 880
2 611
134
2 194
28 553
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Other
Non-OECD Americas
Albania
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
FYROM
Georgia
Kazakhstan

1. OECD Europe and OECD Total include Slovenia and Estonia from 1990.
Table 5. World natural gas consumption (continued)

1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
29 868
255 748
1 551
287 570
1 878
2 937
5 710
4 040
35 668
471 549
3 193
1 712
15 119
113 343
40 092
762 003
684
1 356
2 536
2 496
17 120
391 171
1 892
768
13 453
74 238
51 165
..
..
597 048
295
1 821
3 062
3 178
13 579
465 778
2 328
197
21 291
56 724
45 710
..
..
679 847
425
1 508
3 261
3 078
13 533
471 064
2 107
144
24 178
53 452
52 710
..
..
692 479
326
1 461
2 660
2 387
12 571
483 285
2 344
310
24 823
49 488
46 130
..
..
694 445
269
1 313
2 537
2 823
11 966
454 410
2 021
325
25 187
41 027
47 040
..
..
659 476
269
1 406
2 287
2 925
11 253
461 481
2 021
325
32 963
35 346
48 505
..
..
668 040
1 822
67
2
89
1 033
72
434
125
3 644
14 302
540
8 242
110
4 960
53
4 000
1 842
1 329
8
35 386
19 592
570
1 581
17 673
128
5 080
47
1
7 646
1 711
2 989
2
57 020
27 379
740
103
1 655
43 839
332
7 060
668
76
10 786
4 743
782
5 934
2 387
106 484
32 942
760
218
1 780
47 904
380
5 730
1 251
90
15 446
4 941
991
6 212
2 316
120 961
33 619
410
226
2 044
48 915
312
7 100
1 170
157
15 161
5 010
995
6 164
2 318
123 601
37 767
310
241
2 061
49 991
341
5 940
1 180
447
16 446
4 713
928
6 076
2 960
129 401
35 728
310
241
2 063
50 141
341
4 574
1 180
527
18 156
4 660
928
6 196
2 966
128 011
1 645
1 210
3 794
6 069
1 450
1 880
1 251
17 299
5 805
1 980
20 668
151
6 028
3 008
6 245
23 856
1 689
16 910
86 340
8 405
3 150
62 239
317
9 600
6 654
10 642
37 680
5 730
29 880
174 297
12 939
5 129
144 420
3 410
14 513
254
17 788
25 771
73 330
9 634
60 948
915
369 051
13 061
7 036
151 783
982
18 165
22 062
40 275
81 092
6 452
66 215
770
407 893
14 246
6 985
152 892
1 351
18 491
22 766
44 291
81 954
5 302
67 500
1 020
416 798
14 934
6 758
172 497
448
18 489
23 800
48 080
85 126
4 902
66 267
1 080
442 381
15 487
7 488
182 674
702
19 257
..
25 585
45 580
89 723
4 515
69 112
1 087
461 210
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Viet Nam
Other
Asia
611
317
762
211
118
107
3 827
33
1 505
180
7 671
4 778
1 776
12 766
16 908
8 184
955
13 508
76
1 724
6 387
3
299
67 364
8 989
2 190
27 860
31 464
27 272
1 418
23 418
11
1 499
6 230
22 211
1 349
251
154 162
20 609
3 202
64 101
43 526
37 296
1 615
38 640
3 681
8 683
14 709
42 135
9 788
448
288 433
21 821
3 731
57 300
40 842
38 419
1 862
39 070
3 810
9 667
15 244
44 987
9 943
326
287 022
22 667
2 938
51 995
45 191
45 210
2 114
38 251
3 510
10 918
15 596
48 381
10 269
335
297 375
24 028
3 520
50 522
46 072
45 471
2 978
37 930
3 691
11 460
16 371
48 363
10 751
373
301 530
26 046
3 948
49 562
44 828
42 061
1 019
39 980
3 465
11 867
17 623
48 992
11 246
373
301 010
Hong Kong, China

34
5 986
396
15 870
3 687
24 627
4 148
106 341
3 148
147 243
2 987
167 206
2 888
185 161
2 546
190 901
344 194
1 021 764
1 100 866
1 701 437
1 811 436
1 861 068
1 885 874
1 916 934
1 212 006
2 053 437
2 507 280
3 320 997
3 453 448
3 526 637
3 523 601
3 571 230
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia
Algeria
Angola
Congo
Cte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Gabon
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Tunisia
Other
Africa
Bahrain
Iraq
Iran
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Middle East
Non-OECD
World

Table 6. World natural gas consumption

Terajoules
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
1 644 341
24 457
488 322
23 730 949
25 888 069
2 543 316
53 131
1 064 155
20 350 145
24 010 747
3 477 492
242 336
1 663 385
25 254 901
30 638 114
3 748 334
207 112
2 696 800
26 038 346
32 690 592
4 077 828
190 832
2 937 149
27 589 631
34 795 440
4 343 228
194 206
2 812 453
28 290 130
35 640 017
4 529 495
161 703
2 751 298
29 018 319
36 460 815
3 988 791
175 317
2 868 253
29 770 383
36 802 744
149 177
2 097
270 430
13 146
434 850
688 040
1 316
2 286 212
126 775
179 401
3 281 744
896 666
365
3 294 097
794 621
235 456
5 221 205
1 352 953
201 845
4 305 127
1 806 698
174 711
7 841 334
1 423 482
97 839
5 187 119
2 110 094
171 319
8 989 853
1 462 549
311 021
5 146 526
2 192 455
186 469
9 299 020
1 495 695
332 911
5 171 319
1 977 136
209 724
9 186 785
1 505 367
324 273
4 876 418
1 816 222
190 841
8 713 121
153 710
327 676
47 490
17
..
604 858
1 379 449
194 081
651 333
10 170
1 345 499
275 184
72 626
..
43 914
6 913
1 170 687
6 283 607
243 599
382 794
244 123
84 551
56 861
101 394
1 147 664
2 491 910
6 426
414 636
87 094
1 817 041
19 981
1 433 468
91 926
411 354
236 692
35 687
231 251
25 190
75 900
132 832
2 198 885
11 971 259
306 314
622 433
348 717
206 968
30 782
159 184
1 665 081
3 209 491
79 276
449 232
159 837
2 695 383
31 231
1 640 410
165 999
463 325
94 063
268 719
38 077
707 992
32 943
113 208
577 933
4 053 219
18 119 817
377 881
786 333
353 955
205 530
26 168
178 382
1 940 730
3 610 733
150 352
458 263
218 758
3 165 995
55 665
1 830 697
242 987
603 179
208 788
232 899
40 139
1 447 624
65 343
140 245
1 460 495
3 947 873
21 749 014
340 836
668 025
318 946
162 771
25 372
139 815
1 737 425
3 277 711
167 040
388 806
186 468
2 854 263
49 064
1 518 856
221 104
640 541
181 763
203 075
33 033
1 311 234
48 802
136 490
1 733 423
3 095 210
19 440 073
328 455
669 663
323 147
153 440
25 814
132 955
1 814 656
3 356 500
149 575
365 771
178 835
2 669 630
41 575
1 536 054
223 500
642 391
171 854
212 040
32 185
1 199 122
44 028
143 874
1 758 659
3 056 156
19 229 879
299 813
585 944
287 592
132 498
20 262
117 161
1 516 418
3 036 916
115 268
331 295
172 366
2 358 847
39 414
1 342 155
237 731
622 112
161 980
175 489
29 122
1 102 164
38 670
124 972
1 866 205
2 783 519
17 497 913
319 923
641 531
301 578
132 370
18 164
103 790
1 632 273
3 141 262
123 443
345 861
174 555
2 572 626
35 993
1 342 696
263 866
640 829
190 235
180 472
30 782
1 127 469
33 662
133 633
1 825 047
2 846 538
18 158 598
IEA Total
32 091 650
38 109 461
52 034 973
59 135 044
59 966 513
60 819 051
59 870 479
60 275 838
OECD Total1
32 606 526
39 263 750
53 979 136
62 280 940
63 225 366
64 168 916
63 145 513
63 674 463
333 396
3 908
14 663
65 840
1 608
13 974
73 992
403 569
910 950
876 222
28 862
152 724
149 678
2 894
20 753
218 535
744 380
1 119
2 195 167
1 452 834
47 789
367 283
253 868
22 206
22 263
398 452
1 024 482
16 158
3 605 335
1 810 183
112 978
1 070 938
366 760
40 355
255 686
853 923
1 181 648
83 722
5 776 193
1 946 615
132 713
1 270 196
359 362
38 949
308 192
824 869
1 011 159
97 483
5 989 538
1 949 817
137 774
1 487 984
388 684
40 160
289 817
834 846
986 130
101 398
6 216 610
2 010 762
149 856
1 627 718
388 711
45 064
363 370
838 804
948 230
102 326
6 474 841
2 026 827
147 232
1 569 864
376 426
44 348
378 603
821 688
1 020 879
101 678
6 487 545
7 413
7 810
-
9 453
169 516
672 719
583 558
18 473
252 070
102 091
212 027
496 988
419
52 116
224 616
663 333
9 281
136 273
102 782
2 517
44 333
305 839
535
60 063
364 032
844 354
9 285
106 164
122 457
4 445
47 223
1 117 446
615
89 688
419 461
787 967
9 730
113 278
112 264
5 325
76 664
1 116 163
678
86 786
419 618
795 073
7 572
110 361
106 152
6 028
64 555
1 173 526
1 155
85 591
447 519
788 931
7 043
110 196
93 943
5 173
85 312
1 235 158
1 155
81 545
440 519
740 809
8 823
110 955
100 362
5 179
85 351
1 235 174
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
OECD Americas
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
OECD Asia Oceania
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
1
OECD Europe
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Other
Non-OECD Americas
Albania
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
FYROM
Georgia
Kazakhstan

1. OECD Europe and OECD Total include Slovenia and Estonia from 1990.
Table 6. World natural gas consumption (continued)

Terajoules
1973
1990
2000
2010
2012
2013
2014
2015p
1 123 414
9 641 692
61 310
10 841 639
70 697
110 725
217 617
152 365
1 341 565
18 027 336
120 384
64 538
570 000
4 273 044
1 511 476
28 976 642
26 690
50 706
96 004
98 923
636 388
14 954 460
71 317
29 172
507 178
2 896 755
1 938 590
..
..
22 847 692
11 492
68 007
115 912
107 582
501 867
17 806 673
86 219
7 478
806 704
2 124 484
1 731 906
..
..
26 044 328
16 584
56 343
123 466
104 286
500 204
18 008 763
78 054
5 476
916 096
1 990 486
1 997 129
..
..
26 528 042
12 721
55 737
100 693
80 874
463 656
18 475 986
86 832
11 769
940 537
1 836 540
1 747 819
..
..
26 583 513
10 497
50 318
96 041
95 580
441 446
17 372 098
74 848
12 371
954 304
1 515 335
1 782 299
..
..
25 265 158
10 497
53 882
86 577
99 023
415 146
17 642 419
74 862
12 350
1 248 935
1 305 505
1 837 806
..
..
25 596 874
Algeria
Angola
Congo
Cte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Gabon
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Tunisia
Other
Africa
72 082
2 536
89
3 390
39 256
2 721
16 491
5 241
141 806
565 864
20 520
313 188
4 139
188 480
2 014
152 000
70 000
56 631
259
1 373 095
775 144
21 660
58 938
671 574
4 820
193 040
1 768
39
290 541
65 024
127 327
80
2 209 955
1 083 263
28 120
3 923
61 712
1 665 885
12 510
268 280
26 505
3 156
409 884
180 226
29 807
234 885
90 558
4 098 714
1 303 347
28 880
8 293
66 359
1 820 359
14 343
217 740
49 651
3 694
586 938
187 756
37 799
246 852
87 868
4 659 879
1 330 130
15 580
8 584
76 205
1 858 754
11 755
269 800
46 422
6 467
576 127
190 389
37 964
245 475
87 887
4 761 539
1 494 270
11 780
9 166
76 839
1 899 649
12 864
225 720
46 818
18 441
624 964
179 076
35 391
244 414
112 222
4 991 614
1 413 578
11 780
9 158
76 915
1 905 358
12 856
173 812
46 828
21 749
689 928
177 080
35 393
249 240
112 465
4 936 140
Bahrain
Iraq
Iran
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Middle East
62 494
45 980
149 317
230 607
60 040
71 441
48 782
668 661
220 608
75 240
813 400
4 724
229 077
113 389
258 557
906 515
63 687
659 490
3 344 687
319 381
119 700
2 449 495
9 909
364 800
250 762
440 569
1 431 846
216 032
1 165 320
6 767 814
491 691
194 889
5 683 813
106 470
551 494
9 867
674 723
1 066 907
2 786 550
363 218
2 296 472
38 094
14 264 188
496 318
267 372
5 973 556
30 654
690 270
840 219
1 667 387
3 081 481
243 250
2 494 912
30 868
15 816 287
541 345
265 434
6 017 220
42 180
702 666
866 691
1 833 666
3 114 266
199 879
2 543 351
40 890
16 167 588
567 493
256 790
6 788 776
13 986
702 574
906 051
1 990 525
3 234 801
184 793
2 496 874
43 296
17 185 959
588 506
284 544
7 189 318
21 919
731 766
..
973 995
1 887 012
3 409 474
170 216
2 604 071
43 577
17 904 398
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
Viet Nam
Other
Asia
23 246
12 363
29 352
8 573
4 626
3 975
133 215
1 239
56 701
6 842
280 132
173 388
69 312
491 746
686 448
321 223
35 346
449 078
2 906
67 649
232 456
126
11 379
2 541 057
327 944
85 457
1 073 167
1 277 424
1 070 385
55 689
768 637
407
56 960
256 582
808 407
52 083
9 536
5 842 678
800 891
124 547
2 530 773
1 767 164
1 463 845
63 433
1 256 878
141 915
329 940
605 805
1 533 552
377 925
17 039
11 013 707
847 973
145 101
2 276 766
1 658 194
1 507 900
73 123
1 261 610
146 888
367 358
627 839
1 637 363
383 937
12 393
10 946 445
880 875
114 281
2 069 444
1 834 736
1 774 460
83 034
1 235 156
135 296
414 876
642 334
1 760 864
396 498
12 746
11 354 600
933 739
136 903
2 010 821
1 870 513
1 784 693
116 933
1 224 811
142 290
435 488
674 226
1 760 228
415 104
14 157
11 519 906
1 012 174
153 557
1 972 617
1 820 017
1 650 852
40 015
1 290 994
133 572
450 946
725 803
1 783 113
434 231
14 174
11 482 065
Hong Kong, China

1 277
233 051
15 056
617 837
140 105
958 748
157 642
4 139 954
119 605
5 732 334
113 508
6 509 497
109 731
7 208 507
96 748
7 431 967
Non-OECD
13 077 516
39 063 541
42 372 327
65 494 726
69 792 130
71 706 855
72 755 716
73 935 737
World
45 684 042
78 327 291
96 351 463
127 775 666
133 017 496
135 875 771
135 901 229
137 610 200
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Former Soviet Union
Former Yugoslavia

Table 27. World LNG terminals

1. Import terminals
Regasification
Nominal capacity
million cm per
billion cm per
year of LNG
year of gas
Country
Name
Argentina
Bahia Blanca
Escobar
Total
8.7
8.7
17.5
Belgium
Zeebrugge
Brazil
Bahia
Guanabara Bay
Pecem
Total
Canada
Chile
China
Dalian
Dapeng Shenzhen
Dongguan Guangdong
Fujian
Hainan
Qingdao
Rudong Jiangsu
Shanghai Mengtougou
Shanghai
Tangshan
Tianjin
Zheijang Ningbo
Zuhai
Total
Number of
vaporizers
Storage
Capacity
Number of
thousand cm
tanks
of LNG
5.4
5.4
10.8
6
6
12
15.4
9.5
8.9
13.9
4.3
27.1
5.5
8.5
2.6
16.7
Canaport
17.2
10.6
160
Mejillones
Quintero
Total
3.4
6.3
9.7
2.1
3.9
6.0
3
3
6
175
334
509
1
3
4
7.0
15.8
2.4
11.8
7.0
7.2
8.2
0.3
7.0
8.2
5.1
7.0
8.2
95.5
4.3
9.7
1.5
7.3
4.3
4.4
5.1
0.2
4.3
5.1
3.2
4.3
5.1
58.8
3
7
3
13
480
480
160
640
480
480
320
120
495
480
60
480
480
5 155
3
3
2
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
37
Dominican Republic
Punta Caucedo
France
Fos-Cavaou
Fos-sur-Mer
Montoir-de-Bretagne
Total
151
151
302
12
380
2
2
137
173
129
439
3.9
2.4
160
14.2
5.1
17.2
36.5
8.8
3.2
10.6
22.5
4
6
11
21
330
150
360
840
3
3
3
9
Greece
Revithoussa
8.5
5.2
130
India
Dabhol
Dahej
Hazira
Kochi
Total
4.1
21.4
11.8
10.8
48.2
2.5
13.2
7.3
6.6
29.6
6
19
5
6
36
320
592
320
368
1 600
2
4
2
2
10
Indonesia
Lampung
Nusantara Regas Satu
Total
4.1
7.0
11.2
2.5
4.3
6.9
3
6
9
173
125
298
4
6
10
Italy
Livorno (Offshore)
Panigaglia
Rovigo
Total
6.5
5.7
13.7
25.9
4.0
3.5
8.4
15.9
3
4
5
12
138
100
250
488
4
2
2
8
Israel
Hadera
Japan
Chita
Chita Kyodo
Chita-Midorihama Works
Futtsu
Hachinohe
Hatsukaichi
Hibiki
Higashi-Ohgishima
Himeji
Himeji LNG
Ishikari
Joetsu
Kagoshima
Kawagoe
Mizushima
Nagasaki
Naoetsu
Negishi
Niigata
Ohgishima
8.2
5.1
138
25.4
17.0
18.0
44.6
2.4
2.1
5.0
30.9
11.0
18.9
6.3
5.5
0.5
11.5
9.9
0.3
3.4
25.9
19.9
23.0
15.6
10.4
11.1
27.4
1.5
1.3
3.1
19.0
6.8
11.6
3.9
3.4
0.3
7.1
6.1
0.2
2.1
15.9
12.2
14.1
11
14
8
13
5
4
5
9
6
8
4
8
3
7
6
3
4
14
14
12
640
300
400
1 110
280
170
360
540
740
520
180
540
86
840
320
35
360
1 180
720
850
7
4
2
10
2
2
2
9
8
7
1
3
2
6
2
1
2
14
8
4
Source: The International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers
Table 27. World LNG terminals (continued)

1. Import terminals (continued)
Regasification
Nominal capacity
million cm per
billion cm per
year of LNG
year of gas
Storage
Capacity
Number of
thousand cm
tanks
of LNG
Country
Name
Japan (continued)
Oita
Sakai
Sakaide
Senboku I
Senboku II
Shin-Minato
Shin-Sendai
Sodegaura
Sodeshi
Tobata
Yanai
Yokkaichi
Yokkaichi Works
Total
12.5
14.9
2.7
5.0
26.9
0.7
1.9
69.3
6.7
17.7
5.3
14.9
5.0
465.1
7.7
9.2
1.7
3.1
16.6
0.4
1.2
42.6
4.1
10.9
3.3
9.2
3.1
286.0
7
6
3
5
15
3
3
36
8
9
5
8
6
272
460
420
180
90
1 585
80
160
2 660
337
480
480
320
160
17 583
5
3
1
2
18
1
1
35
3
8
6
4
2
185
Korea
Gwangyang
Incheon
Pyeong-Taek
Samcheok
Tong-Yeong
Total
3.9
96.8
88.3
15.4
57.8
262.3
2.4
59.5
54.3
9.5
35.6
161.3
2
43
39
8
20
112
530
2 880
3 360
600
2 620
9 990
4
20
23
3
17
67
Number of
vaporizers
Kuwait
Mina Al Ahmadi
13.6
8.3
170
Lithuania
Klapeida
6.9
4.2
173
Malaysia
Melaka
8.9
5.5
260
Mexico
Altamira
Costa Azul
Manzanillo
Total
13.4
17.7
8.9
40.0
8.2
10.9
5.5
24.6
5
6
11
300
320
300
920
2
2
2
6
Netherlands
Gate
20.6
12.7
540
Portugal
Sines
13.0
8.0
390
Puerto Rico
Penuelas
6.3
3.9
160
Singapore
Jurong
13.4
8.2
540
Spain
Barcelona
Bilbao
Cartagena
Huelva
Mugardos
Sagunto
Total
29.3
12.0
20.2
20.2
6.2
15.1
103.1
18.0
7.4
12.4
12.4
3.8
9.3
63.4
13
4
9
9
3
5
43
760
450
587
620
300
600
3 317
6
3
5
5
2
4
25
Chinese Taipei
Taichung
Yung-An
Total
10.3
22.0
32.3
6.3
13.5
19.8
8
18
26
480
690
1 170
3
6
9
Thailand
Map Ta Phut
12.5
7.7
320
Turkey
Aliaga/Izmir
Marmara Ereglisi
Total
10.3
10.6
20.9
6.3
6.5
12.9
5
7
12
280
255
535
2
3
5
United Arab Emirates Jebel Ali

United Kingdom
Dragon
Isle of Grain
South Hook
Teesside
Total
USA
Cameron
Cove Point
Cove Point Expansion
Elba Island
Everett
Freeport
Golden Pass
Gulf
Lake Charles
Northeast Gateway
Sabine Pass
Total
World Total
14.1
8.7
151
13.0
35.2
36.5
7.2
91.9
8.0
21.6
22.5
4.4
56.5
6
14
15
35
320
1 000
775
138
2 233
2
8
5
15
26.6
18.4
13.7
28.0
11.8
30.9
36.7
20.6
41.7
7.0
71.0
306.4
16.4
11.3
8.4
17.2
7.3
19.0
22.6
12.7
25.6
4.3
43.7
188.4
10
10
15
11
4
7
8
14
6
16
101
480
380
320
535
155
320
775
320
425
151
800
4 661
3
5
2
5
2
2
5
2
4
5
35
1 756
1 080
791
53 712
447
Table 27. World LNG terminals (continued)

1. Export terminals (continued)
Liquefaction
Nominal capacity
million cm per
billion cm per
year of LNG
year of gas
Storage
Capacity
Number of
thousand cm
tanks
of LNG
Country
Name
Algeria
Arzew-Bethioua 1Z
Arzew-Bethioua 2Z
Arzew-Bethioua 3Z
Skikda - GL1K/GL2K
Skikda GL1K megatrain
Total
17.5
18.1
10.4
7.1
10.0
63.0
Angola
Soyo (stopped)
11.5
7.1
320
Australia
Curtis Island
Darwin
Pluto
Withnell Bay 1-4
Withnell Bay 5
Total
9.5
7.5
9.5
26.8
9.5
62.8
5.8
4.6
5.8
16.5
5.8
38.6
1
1
1
4
1
8
280
188
240
260
65
1 033
2
1
2
4
1
10
Brunei
Lumut
15.7
9.7
195
Egypt
Damietta (stopped)
Idku (stopped)
Total
11.1
15.9
27.0
6.8
9.8
16.6
1
2
3
300
280
580
2
2
4
Equatorial Guinea
Bioko Island
8.2
5.0
272
Indonesia
Blang Lancang Arun (stopped)

Bontang Badak
Donggi-Senoro
Tangguh
Total
9.3
49.3
4.4
16.8
79.8
5.7
30.3
2.7
10.3
49.1
2
16
2
2
22
636
630
170
340
1 776
5
6
1
2
14
Libya
Marsa-el-Brega (stopped)
7.1
4.4
96
Malaysia
Bintulu 1
Bintulu 2
Bintulu 3
Total
17.9
20.6
15.0
53.5
11.0
12.6
9.2
32.9
3
4
2
9
390
390
Bonny Island 1-3

Bonny Island 4-5
Bonny Island 6
Total
21.2
17.9
9.1
48.2
13.1
11.0
5.6
29.6
336.8
1
6
84
421
1
4
Nigeria
10.7
11.2
6.4
4.4
6.1
38.8
Number of
trains
6
6
1
3
1
17
300
300
320
280
150
1 350
3
3
2
5
1
14
Norway
Hammerfest
9.5
5.8
250
Oman
Qalhat
23.7
14.6
240
Papua New Guinea
PNG
15.3
9.4
320
Peru
Peru
9.8
6.1
260
Qatar
Ras Laffan Qatargas 1

Ras Laffan Qatargas 2-4
Ras Laffan Rasgas 1-3
Total
21.0
69.0
80.3
170.3
12.9
42.4
49.4
104.7
3
4
7
14
340
1 160
840
2 340
4
8
6
18
Russia
Sakhalin II
21.1
13.0
200
Trinidad & Tobago
Atlantic 1
Atlantic 2-3
Atlantic 4
Total
7.3
15.5
11.5
34.3
4.5
9.5
7.1
21.1
1
2
1
4
204
160
160
524
2
1
1
4
United Arab Emirates Das Island
12.8
7.9
240
0.9
0.5
108
14.8
9.1
280
689
424
109
11195
101
United States
Kenai
Yemen
Balhaf (stopped)
World Total
Table 28. World gas storage capacity

Storage: Europe
end 2015
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
Country
Name
Type
Austria
7 fields
Aigelbbrunn
Haidach
Nussdorf Zagling
Puchenkirchen
Schnkirchen
Thallesbrunn
Thann
Total
Depleted gas field

Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
1 734
131
2 703
118
1 091
1 844
402
251
8 274
21.7
1.2
26.9
1.5
12.6
23.2
3.9
3.1
94
Belgium
Loenhout
Zeebrugge
Total
Underground
LNG
700
380
1 080
15.0
42.0
57.0
Bulgaria
Chiren
Depleted gas field
550
4.0
Croatia
Okoli
Depleted gas field
536
5.8
Czech Republic
Doln Dunajovice
Hje
Lobodice
tramberk
Tanovice
Tvrdonice
Uhice
Doln Bojanovice (in Slovak Republic)
Total
Depleted gas field

Granite cavern
Aquifer
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
900
64
177
500
530
535
235
576
3 517
17.0
6.0
5.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
9.0
66.0
Denmark
Lille Torup
Stenlille
Total
Salt cavern
Aquifer
440
575
1 015
8.0
8.0
16.0
France
Beynes profond
Beynes suprieur
Chmery
Cr-la-Ronde
Cerville-Velaine
Etrez
Germigny-sous-Colombs
Gournay-sur-Aronde
Izaute
Lussagnet
Manosque
Saint-Illiers
Tersanne
Total
Aquifer
Aquifer
Aquifer
Aquifer
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Aquifer
Aquifer
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Salt cavern
330
167
3 710
570
650
640
880
1 310
1 455
1 223
277
690
162
12 064
9.6
4.2
55.0
8.8
7.5
36.1
9.0
30.0
13.0
26.0
13.7
17.0
18.0
248
Allmenhausen bei Mhlausen/Th.

Bad Lauschstdt b. Halle
Bad Lauschstdt b. Halle
Berlin
Bernburg
Bierwang b. Mnchen
Breitbrunn/Eggesttt im Chiemgau
Depleted gas field

Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
62
760
440
136
1 039
1 450
992
1.0
22.0
5.7
5.0
24.0
28.8
12.5
Germany
Source: National Administrations
Table 28. World gas storage capacity (continued)

Storage: Europe (continued)
end 2015
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
Country
Name
Type
Germany (ctd)
Bremen - Lesum (swb Netze)

Bremen - Lesum (EPMG)
Buchholz b. Postdam
Burggraf-Bernsdorf bei Naumburg
Empelde b. Hannover
Epe (E.ON)
Epe (Eneco)
Epe (KGE)
Epe (Nuon)
Epe (RWE, H-GAS)
Epe (RWE, L-GAS)
Epe (RWE, NL)
Epe (Trianel)
Eschenfelden bei Nrnberg
Etzel-EKB
Etzel-FSG Crystal
Etzel-EGL 1+2
Etzel-ESE
Frankenthal b. Worms
Fronhofen
Hhnlein b. Darmstadt
Harsefeld b. Stade
Huntorf i.d. Wesermarsch
Inzenham - West bei Rosenheim
Jemgum-EWE
Kalle b. Bad Bentheim
Katharina
Kiel - Rnne
Kirchheiligen bei Mhlausen/Th.
Kraak
Krummhrn b. Emden
Nttermoor b. Leer
Peckensen
Reckrod
Rehden b. Diepholz
Rdersdorf
Sandhausen b. Heidelberg
Schmidhausen b. Mnchen
Stafurt
Stockstadt b. Darmstadt
Stockstadt b. Darmstadt
Uelsen
Wolfersberg b. Mnchen
Xanten am Niederrhein
Total
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Salt mine
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Depleted oil field
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Aquifer
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
73
156
175
3
136
1 899
94
140
342
523
90
313
204
72
651
400
1 248
2 210
90
15
80
112
308
425
178
220
159
82
190
280
225
1 314
400
110
4 400
135
30
150
552
90
45
840
365
185
24 588
3.8
5.0
2.0
1.0
9.0
70.0
10.0
7.0
17.0
21.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
3.1
17.0
14.0
32.0
54.0
3.0
1.8
2.4
7.2
11.0
7.2
6.0
11.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
10.0
7.0
36.0
22.0
2.4
57.6
3.0
1.1
3.6
13.0
2.0
1.0
9.0
6.0
6.7
638.9
Hungary
Hajdszoboszl
Kardoskt
Pusztaederics
Szreg
Zsana
Total
Depleted gas field

Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
1 640
280
340
1 900
2 170
6 330
21.0
2.9
2.9
25.0
28.0
79.8
Ireland
Kinsale
Depleted gas field
230
2.8
Source: National Administrations.

end 2015
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
330
118
440
960
4 605
2 658
1 686
1 099
2 594
1 820
16 310
8.3
1.0
2.5
15.0
69.0
57.0
12.0
21.0
56.0
38.0
279.8
2 300
30.0
Country
Name
Type
Italy
Brugherio
Cellino
Collalto
Cortemaggiore
Fiume Treste
Minerbio
Ripalta
Sabbioncello
Sergnano
Settala
Total
Depleted gas field

Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Latvia
Incukalns
Aquifer
Netherlands
Alkmaar
Bergermeer
Epe
GATE
Grijpskerk
Maasvlakte
Norg
Zuidwending
Total
Depleted gas field

Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
LNG
Depleted gas field
LNG
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
500
4 667
500
324
2 400
78
5 600
300
14 369
36.0
65.0
10.0
40.0
55.0
31.0
76.0
26.0
339.0
Poland
Brzeznica
Husow
Kosakowo
Mogilno
Strachocina
Swarzow
Wierzchowice
Total
Depleted Gas Field

Depleted Gas Field
Salt Cavity
Salt Cavity
Depleted Gas Field
Depleted Gas Field
Depleted Gas Field
65
500
112
468
360
90
1 200
2 795
1.0
6.0
10.0
18.0
3.0
1.0
10.0
49.0
Portugal
Carrio (Ren & Transgas Caverns)

Sines
Total
Salt cavern
LNG
252
224
476
7.2
16.0
23.2
Romania
SNGN RomGaz
SC Depomures
Total
Depleted gas field

Depleted gas field
2 456
321
2 777
25.0
3.0
28.0
Serbia
Banatski Dvor
Depleted gas/oil field
450
5.0
Slovak Republic
Lab
Depleted gas field
3 156
45.1
Spain
Gaviota
Serrablo
Yela
Marismas
Total

Aquifer
1 546
820
130
136
2 632
5.7
6.8
3.5
0.4
16.4

end 2015
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
0.9
Country
Name
Type
Sweden
Skallen
Line rock cavern
Turkey
Aliaa
Kuzey Marmara
Marmara Erelisi
Total
LNG
Depleted gas field
LNG
168
2 661
153
2 982
16.0
20.0
22.0
58.0
UK
Aldbrough
Avonmouth
Hill Top Farm
Hornsea
Hatfield Moors
Holehouse Farm
Holford
Humbly Grove
Rough
Stublach
Total
Salt cavern
LNG
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Salt cavern
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
300
80
20
300
70
50
200
300
3 100
200
4 620
40.0
13.0
2.1
18.0
2.0
11.0
22.0
7.0
44.7
15.0
174.8
111 060
2 261.5
Total Europe
Storage: North America

end 2015
Country
Name
Type
Canada
Aitken Creek
Asquith
Bayhurst
Bentpath
Bickford
Brazeau River Nisku E Pool
Carbon Glauconitic
Carrot Creek CCC
Chatham 7-17-XII
Corunna
Countess Bow Island and Upper Mannville
Coveny
Crossfield East Elkton A & D
Crowland
Dawn
Edson Viking D
Edys Mills
Enniskillen 28
Fsuffield Upper Mannville, and Bow Island
Hussar Glauconitic R
Kimball-Colinville
Ladysmith
Landis
Mandaumin
Mannville
McLeod Cardium D

Salt cavern
Storage field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Cavern
Storage field
Depleted gas field
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
1 000
73
349
143
593
150
1 127
986
68
145
1 552
124
1 197
8
1 355
1 775
69
99
2 254
423
965
160
27
104
..
..
..
11.0
1.0
11.0
16.0
17.0
1.0
1.0
35.0
2.0
15.0
..
50.0
26.0
4.0
2.0
51.0
6.0
18.0
..
..
2.0
..
4.0
..
282

Storage: North America (continued)
end 2015
Country
Name
Canada (ctd)
Melville
Moore 3-21-XII
Moosomin
Oil City
Oil Springs East
Payne
Pierceland
Pointe-du-Lac
Prud'Homme
Regina
Rosedale
Saint-Flavien
Sarnia
Seckerton
Sombra
Terminus
Tipperary
Totnes Viking
Unity
Warwick Glauconitic-Nisku A
Waubuno
Wilkesport
Total
USA
East Region
Midwest Region
Mountain Region
Pacific Region
South Central Region
Alaska
Total
Number
Type
of sites
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
79
754
52
49
105
700
..
23
159
73
89
120
386
369
141
313
86
..
157
881
270
223
20 057
..
1.0
..
4.0
6.0
13.0
..
1.0
..
..
7.0
2.0
7.0
3.0
2.0
6.0
..
..
..
3.0
4.0
3.0
335.0
27
30 115
154
11 740
22 975
61
52
13 032
979
10 794
1
30 015
13 764
1 922
12 798
108 853
13 980
..
..
..
..
..
..
Working
capacity
(mcm)
Peak
output
(mcm/day)
283
18
606
386
2 190
39
52
1 675
902
6 151
..
6.0
10.0
4.0
..
3.0
1.0
2.0
1.2
27.2
442
1.1
Cavern
Cavern
Storage field
Depleted gas field
Cavern
Cavern
Depleted gas field
Salt cavern
Storage field
Storage field
Depleted gas field
1
129
2
39
82
2
3
27
2
20
1
65
35
5
40
218
37
Aquifer
Depleted Field
Salt Dome
Aquifer
Depleted Field
Salt Dome
Aquifer
Depleted Field
Aquifer
Depleted Field
Aquifer
Depleted Field
Salt Dome
Depleted Field
Aquifer
Salt cavern
..
..
..
..
..
Storage: Pacific
Country
Name
Type
Australia
Ballera, Cooper Basin

Dandenong
Iona Field, Otway Basin
Mondarra Field, Perth Basin
Moomba, Cooper Basin
Newcastle, Sydney-Newcastle
Newstead, Surat Basin
Roma, Bowen Surat Basin
Silver Springs, Bowen Surat Basin
Total
Depleted gas field

LNG peak shaving unit
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
LNG peak shaving unit
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Depleted gas field
Japan
Storage at LNG Terminals (see Table 33 - World LNG Terminals)
Korea
Storage at LNG Terminals (see Table 33 - World LNG Terminals)
New Zealand
Depleted gas field

Ahuroa Field, Taranaki
High pressure Maui and Vector pipelines used as storage buffer for operational contingencies
Table 29. World reserves of natural gas1

Billion cubic metres
Cedigaz
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
OECD Americas
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
OECD Asia Oceania
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Slovak Republic
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
OECD Europe
Oil and Gas Journal
End
1990
End
2013
End
2014
%
World
Total
2014
End
1990
End
2014
End
2015
%
World
Total
2015
2 732
115
2 060
4 732
2 097
7
347
9 573
2 128
6
324
9 960
1.06
..
0.16
4.98
2 762
116
2 059
4 704
2 032
98
468
9 573
1 995
98
433
10 434
1.01
0.05
0.22
5.31
9 639
12 024
12 418
6.21
9 641
12 171
12 960
6.59
955
1
36
..
139
3 769
224
33
1
53
3 703
217
32
1
64
1.85
0.11
0.02
..
0.03
437
..
32
..
116
860
199
21
7
39
860
199
21
7
37
0.44
0.10
0.01
..
0.02
1 131
4 080
4 017
2.01
585
1 126
1 124
0.57
17
..
134
37
351
6
108
31
317
1 865
2 295
164
..
22
28
560
11
3
90
9
63
1
9
25
56
989
2 654
69
5
4
6
452
10
3
90
9
51
1
9
25
54
864
2 547
63
5
3
6
407
..
..
0.05
..
0.03
..
..
0.01
0.03
0.43
1.27
0.03
..
..
..
0.20
11
4
127
37
351
1
113
48
329
1 723
1 717
..
..
22
33
560
9
4
34
9
58
1
9
10
56
897
2 048
85
14
3
6
241
8
4
30
9
47
1
8
10
54
760
1 921
82
14
3
5
205
..
..
0.02
..
0.02
..
..
..
0.03
0.39
0.98
0.04
..
..
..
0.10
5 935
4 446
4 147
2.07
5 076
3 483
3 161
1.61
Total OECD
16 705
20 550
20 582
10.29
15 302
16 779
17 244
8.77
Albania
Bulgaria
Croatia
Romania
Serbia
Former Soviet Union
Non-OCED Europe/Eurasia
3
7
..
133
..
55 000
..
5
14
113
7
65 104
..
5
13
109
7
65 583
..
..
..
0.05
..
32.80
..
..
..
133
..
45 280
1
6
25
105
48
61 638
1
6
25
105
48
61 638
..
..
0.01
0.05
0.02
31.34
55 143
65 243
65 717
32.87
45 413
61 823
61 823
31.43
Bahrain
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Neutral Zone
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Ras al Khaimah
Sharjah
United Arab Emirates (total)
Yemen
183
17 000
3 115
11
1 400
..
279
4 620
5 220
157
5 175
134
34
307
5 650
198
92
34 020
3 158
6
1 784
..
706
24 681
8 317
285
5 715
100
30
245
6 090
479
92
34 020
3 158
6
1 784
..
698
24 531
8 489
285
5 715
100
30
245
6 090
479
0.05
17.01
1.58
..
0.89
..
0.35
12.27
4.25
0.14
2.86
0.05
0.02
0.12
3.05
0.24
177
16 990
2 689
11
1 375
283
204
4 619
5 104
156
5 173
136
57
306
5 672
198
92
34 084
3 156
6
1 783
..
705
24 666
8 312
241
..
..
..
..
6 087
478
92
33 999
3 156
6
1 783
..
688
24 516
8 484
241
..
..
..
..
6 087
478
0.05
17.29
1.60
..
0.91
..
0.35
12.46
4.31
0.12
..
..
..
..
3.10
0.24
Middle East
37 833
79 618
79 632
39.83
37 478
79 610
79 530
40.44
1. Comparison of proven reserves.
Table 29. World reserves of natural gas1 (continued)

Cedigaz
Oil and Gas Journal
End
1990
End
2013
End
2014
%
World
Total
2014
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Cameroon
Congo
Cte d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Ghana
Libya
Madagascar
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
South Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Uganda
Africa
3 250
51
..
110
73
100
1
351
24
25
14
..
1 218
2
..
3
65
57
2 832
..
..
..
50
86
..
28
73
..
4 504
275
..
144
115
24
..
2 185
66
28
26
27
1 506
2
28
1
75
70
5 111
..
2
6
8
85
..
37
65
5
4 504
308
..
154
106
23
..
2 168
60
28
25
27
1 505
2
28
1
75
70
5 111
..
2
6
11
85
..
37
65
5
2.25
0.15
..
0.08
0.05
0.01
..
1.08
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.75
..
..
..
0.04
0.04
2.56
..
..
..
..
0.04
..
0.02
0.03
..
3 246
51
..
110
73
99
1
351
..
25
14
..
1 217
2
..
1
65
..
2 473
..
..
6
50
85
..
116
85
..
4 501
275
1
135
91
28
1
2 185
37
25
28
23
1 505
..
28
1
2 830
62
5 108
57
..
6
..
23
62
7
65
14
4 501
308
1
135
91
28
1
2 185
37
25
28
23
1 504
..
28
1
2 830
62
5 108
57
..
6
..
23
62
7
65
14
2.29
0.16
..
0.07
0.05
0.01
..
1.11
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.76
..
0.01
..
1.44
0.03
2.60
0.03
..
..
..
0.01
0.03
..
0.03
..
8 413
14 395
14 406
7.20
8 070
17 097
17 129
8.71
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Brunei
China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Myanmar
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Chinese Taipei
Timor Leste
Thailand
Vietnam
Asia
100
725
317
850
686
1 911
1 517
266
650
226
..
100
418
263
2 421
1 427
2 854
2 690
290
736
223
56
3
88
225
211
0.05
0.21
0.13
1.21
0.71
1.43
1.35
0.15
0.37
0.11
0.03
..
0.04
0.11
0.11
..
359
317
999
709
2 588
1 610
266
550
226
51
20
..
229
..
100
436
270
2 355
1 355
2 866
2 611
297
749
231
59
3
88
238
216
166
3
50
241
391
4 640
1 426
2 925
1 083
283
699
155
98
6
..
238
699
50
233
391
4 942
1 488
2 874
1 182
283
669
151
98
6
..
219
699
0.03
0.12
0.20
2.51
0.76
1.46
0.60
0.14
0.34
0.08
0.05
..
..
0.11
0.36
7 497
11 874
12 005
6.00
7 864
12 934
13 285
6.75
671
..
116
116
109
20
112
..
340
286
2 993
328
2
296
458
156
11
6
..
426
346
5 578
309
2
300
471
156
10
11
..
414
325
5 614
0.15
..
0.15
0.24
0.08
..
..
..
0.21
0.16
2.81
764
..
117
114
127
3
112
..
200
252
2 991
315
0
296
458
156
71
6
..
426
346
5 578
332
0
296
471
135
71
11
..
414
326
5 614
0.17
..
0.15
0.24
0.07
0.04
..
..
0.21
0.17
2.85
Argentina
Barbados
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Cuba
Ecuador
Guatemala
Peru
Trinidad and Tobago
Venezuela
Non-OECD Americas
TOTAL WORLD
of which: Total OECD
Total OPEC
20
End
1990
End
2014
End
2015
%
World
Total
2015
4 763
7 607
7 612
3.81
4 680
7 651
7 668
3.90
130 354
199 287
199 954
100.00
118 807
195 895
196 679
100.00
16 705
20 550
20 582
10.29
15 302
16 779
17 244
8.77
47 475
95 056
95 150
46 836
95 089
95 099
48.35
47.57
1. Comparison of proven reserves.
Table 30: Share of OECD energy production by fuel

1973
1990
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
Canada
48.7
31.0
5.9
14.4
Chile
35.3
10.3
18.9
35.5
Mexico
58.1
22.3
3.2
United States
36.7
34.5
OECD Americas
38.7
33.7
Australia
29.2
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Total
energy
production
Total
energy
production
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
198.2
34.1
32.0
13.7
20.2
5.1
14.7
17.8
18.3
49.2
7.9
16.4
47.3
78.4
11.6
1.9
8.1
195.5
22.9
5.9
1456.2
26.2
25.3
32.8
15.7
1652.5
20.4
7.3
1706.8
31.9
24.9
27.5
15.7
2132.4
5.0
59.2
6.6
68.0
18.4
10.9
67.4
3.3
157.5
99.2
0.7
0.0
6.1
3.1
6.7
5.0
85.2
0.4
2.8
7.8
60.7
28.8
29.5
0.9
2.6
5.8
90.7
74.6
Mtoe
Mtoe
276.4
98.4
1.6
6.8
33.5
66.5
22.6
4.5
7.2
29.5
58.8
3.9
17.1
33.6
12.3
37.0
11.5
266.7
OECD Asia Oceania
23.6
5.2
57.7
13.5
114.3
11.9
8.6
44.8
34.7
Austria
33.3
24.7
12.9
29.2
7.9
14.8
13.6
7.8
63.7
8.1
0.6
98.7
0.7
6.5
0.1
9.0
90.9
13.1
Belgium
Czech Republic
0.1
0.9
98.7
0.2
38.5
0.5
0.5
88.7
10.3
40.9
16.3
0.1
83.6
0.4
60.6
27.5
11.9
10.1
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
96.5
3.5
5.4
Finland
1.2
98.8
4.9
15.0
85.0
12.1
France
4.7
14.2
40.8
40.2
44.2
3.1
2.2
7.4
87.3
111.9
Germany
4.0
9.6
82.4
4.1
171.7
2.5
7.3
65.4
24.8
186.2
72.5
27.5
2.3
9.1
1.5
77.4
12.0
9.2
15.9
31.7
47.7
4.7
12.7
15.5
25.9
28.8
29.8
14.7
Iceland
100.0
0.5
100.0
1.6
Ireland
95.1
4.9
1.1
54.0
41.2
4.8
3.5
25.3
Denmark
Greece
Hungary
Italy
5.2
61.9
1.5
31.5
20.4
17.6
55.4
1.1
25.9
Luxembourg
100.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
Netherlands
2.8
94.7
2.0
0.5
56.8
6.7
90.1
3.1
60.6
Norway
18.7
3.6
77.7
8.1
70.0
20.2
0.2
9.6
119.5
Poland
0.4
4.5
93.8
1.3
107.4
0.2
2.3
95.3
2.3
103.9
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
9.5
90.5
1.4
3.4
96.6
3.4
5.0
15.0
66.0
13.9
2.6
1.5
6.4
26.4
65.7
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
0.7
44.0
55.2
3.1
5.9
0.0
57.1
37.1
11.3
3.4
3.7
34.0
59.0
34.6
Sweden
0.1
99.9
9.3
0.0
0.6
99.4
29.7
Switzerland
100.0
4.3
0.0
100.0
10.3
Turkey
23.1
33.6
43.3
15.5
14.0
0.7
47.9
37.4
25.8
United Kingdom
0.5
22.5
69.9
7.0
108.5
45.8
19.7
25.8
8.8
208.0
OECD Europe3
3.6
19.7
63.7
12.9
636.3
20.2
15.7
35.2
28.9
1046.1
28.1
29.0
34.0
8.8
2398.4
23.8
21.4
32.9
21.8
3236.7
28.9
28.7
33.3
9.0
2457.4
26.8
20.8
31.1
21.2
3445.2
IEA Total4
OECD Total3

1. Coal includes peat and oil shale.
2. Other includes nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, wave, tide, biofuels & waste.
3. Includes Estonia and Slovenia from 1990 onwards.
4. Includes Estonia from 1990 onwards.
Source: Energy Balances of OECD countries.
Table 30: Share of OECD energy production by fuel (continued)

2014
2015p
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
Production
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
Production
Mtoe
Mtoe
46.6
29.3
7.4
16.7
470.0
48.0
29.2
6.4
16.4
3.9
5.1
16.7
74.3
12.9
3.9
6.4
12.8
76.9
12.5
Mexico
69.5
17.9
3.7
8.9
208.3
68.7
17.8
4.1
9.4
196.1
United States
27.3
29.9
24.1
18.6
2012.0
29.4
31.3
21.0
18.3
2022.8
OECD Americas
33.8
28.8
19.6
17.8
2703.2
35.4
29.8
17.2
17.6
2701.5
Australia
5.2
14.5
78.1
2.3
365.7
4.8
14.7
78.2
2.3
379.0
Israel
0.9
82.8
0.4
16.0
7.5
0.8
83.7
0.3
15.1
8.2
Japan
1.9
9.7
88.3
26.6
1.6
8.5
89.9
30.4
Canada
Chile
Korea
470.1
1.6
0.6
1.6
96.2
49.1
1.3
0.3
1.5
96.8
51.2
12.2
25.7
13.7
48.4
17.1
13.1
24.7
11.8
50.5
16.4
OECD Asia Oceania
4.8
14.2
61.9
19.0
465.9
4.5
14.3
61.6
19.6
485.3
Austria
7.7
9.0
0.0
83.4
12.1
7.4
8.7
0.0
83.9
12.0
0.0
100.0
12.5
0.0
100.0
10.5
New Zealand
Belgium
Czech Republic
0.9
0.7
57.9
40.5
29.3
0.8
0.7
59.5
39.0
27.8
52.0
25.8
22.2
16.1
50.2
26.2
23.6
15.7
Estonia
78.5
21.5
5.8
75.2
24.8
5.6
Finland
0.4
8.8
90.9
18.3
0.4
4.8
94.8
17.7
France
0.7
0.0
0.1
99.2
137.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
99.3
137.3
Germany
2.6
5.7
36.9
54.8
119.7
2.7
5.5
35.7
56.1
120.4
Denmark
Greece
0.7
0.1
72.6
26.7
8.8
0.7
0.1
68.6
30.6
8.5
Hungary
8.3
14.2
15.7
61.9
10.1
8.3
13.5
15.2
63.1
10.1
Iceland
100.0
5.2
100.0
5.1
Ireland
6.1
48.3
45.6
2.0
5.6
39.4
55.0
1.9
35.5
Italy
16.3
16.0
0.1
67.6
36.7
15.9
15.6
0.1
68.4
Luxembourg
100.0
0.2
100.0
0.1
Netherlands
3.6
85.7
10.8
58.5
4.3
81.9
13.8
46.6
Norway
44.3
48.4
0.6
6.8
196.3
43.1
49.9
0.4
6.6
205.7
Poland
1.4
5.5
80.3
12.8
67.3
1.4
5.4
79.4
13.8
67.6
100.0
6.0
100.0
5.1
3.5
1.3
8.8
86.4
6.6
3.9
1.2
8.1
86.8
6.4
0.1
22.1
77.8
3.7
0.1
24.7
75.2
3.4
0.9
0.1
4.6
94.4
35.1
0.7
0.2
3.6
95.5
34.1
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
0.4
99.6
34.5
0.3
99.7
37.7
Switzerland
100.0
13.3
100.0
12.2
Turkey
8.3
1.3
51.7
38.7
31.3
8.3
1.0
41.8
48.9
32.2
United Kingdom
38.4
30.4
6.3
24.9
108.2
40.0
30.3
4.2
25.4
117.7
OECD Europe3
15.9
20.7
16.2
47.2
974.8
16.5
20.4
15.2
47.8
977.0
24.2
25.6
24.7
25.4
3906.3
25.5
26.2
22.9
25.4
3938.5
26.4
25.2
23.6
24.8
4143.9
27.4
25.8
21.9
24.9
4163.8
IEA Total
OECD Total3

Table 31: Share of OECD energy consumption by fuel

1973
1990
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
TPES
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
TPES
Mtoe
Mtoe
Canada
49.8
23.4
9.6
17.2
159.3
36.2
25.9
11.5
26.4
Chile
58.5
6.2
14.1
21.2
8.5
46.2
8.1
17.8
27.8
14.0
Mexico
61.8
20.0
3.5
14.8
52.6
65.3
18.7
3.3
12.6
123.7
United States
47.3
29.7
18.0
5.0
1729.9
39.5
22.9
24.0
13.6
1915.1
OECD Americas
47.9
28.9
16.9
6.4
1950.3
40.7
22.8
21.7
14.8
2264.0
Australia
46.6
5.9
39.6
7.9
57.1
36.1
17.1
40.7
6.1
86.4
Israel
99.4
0.6
0.0
-0.0
7.8
77.0
0.2
19.9
2.8
11.5
Japan
77.7
1.6
18.1
2.7
320.4
57.1
10.1
17.4
15.4
438.7
211.3
Korea
61.7
37.8
0.5
21.6
53.5
2.9
27.3
16.2
92.9
New Zealand
52.9
3.6
14.3
29.2
7.9
27.4
30.2
9.2
33.3
12.8
642.3
OECD Asia Oceania
72.5
2.1
21.6
3.7
414.6
53.5
10.2
21.9
14.4
Austria
56.4
15.4
18.0
10.2
21.5
41.6
21.0
16.5
20.9
24.9
Belgium
60.2
15.5
24.3
-0.0
46.0
36.7
17.0
22.0
24.2
47.9
Czech Republic
19.2
2.3
78.8
-0.2
45.2
17.6
10.6
63.4
8.4
49.6
Denmark
88.1
0.0
10.2
1.8
19.0
44.1
10.5
35.1
10.4
17.4
Estonia
..
..
..
..
..
29.0
12.5
62.7
-4.2
9.8
Finland
63.0
12.1
24.8
21.0
33.3
7.7
18.7
40.2
28.4
France
66.5
7.5
16.3
9.7
180.1
37.5
11.6
9.0
41.8
224.0
Germany
47.4
8.6
41.6
2.4
334.7
34.6
15.7
36.6
13.2
351.2
Greece
76.7
17.8
5.5
11.8
56.3
0.6
37.6
5.4
21.4
Hungary
38.3
19.6
37.2
4.9
21.3
29.0
31.0
21.6
18.4
28.8
Iceland
51.6
0.1
48.4
1.1
25.8
2.8
71.4
2.3
Ireland
76.2
22.9
0.9
6.9
45.1
18.9
34.3
1.7
9.9
Italy
75.8
11.9
6.8
5.5
119.1
56.9
26.6
10.0
6.6
146.6
Luxembourg
36.1
4.9
54.9
4.0
4.4
43.7
12.7
32.8
10.8
3.4
Netherlands
49.1
46.0
4.6
0.3
62.0
35.4
46.9
13.6
4.1
65.7
Norway
52.9
6.4
40.7
14.3
38.6
9.4
4.1
47.9
21.1
Poland
11.5
6.7
80.4
1.3
92.9
12.7
8.7
76.5
2.2
103.1
Portugal
74.3
7.4
18.4
6.9
64.0
16.4
19.6
16.8
Slovak Republic
34.7
10.1
51.3
3.9
15.5
21.1
23.8
36.7
18.4
21.3
Slovenia
Spain
..
..
..
..
..
30.3
13.4
27.6
28.7
5.7
72.9
1.8
17.4
7.8
51.6
50.5
5.5
21.4
22.6
90.1
Sweden
71.8
4.2
24.0
38.8
30.3
1.2
6.3
62.2
47.2
Switzerland
76.4
0.8
1.7
21.1
18.9
50.3
6.7
1.5
41.5
24.4
Turkey
51.3
21.1
27.6
24.4
44.4
5.4
32.0
18.2
52.7
United Kingdom
49.9
11.5
35.0
3.5
218.1
37.1
22.9
30.6
9.3
205.9
OECD Europe3
53.3
9.8
30.9
6.0
1375.5
37.4
16.1
27.7
18.8
1619.4
52.4
18.9
22.9
5.8
3670.5
40.6
18.7
24.5
16.2
4368.6
52.6
18.9
22.6
5.9
3740.4
41.3
18.6
23.9
16.2
4525.8
IEA Total
OECD Total3

Table 31: Share of OECD energy consumption by fuel (continued)

2014
2015p
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
TPES
Oil
Gas
Coal1
Other2
TPES
Mtoe
Mtoe
Canada
34.8
31.7
6.9
26.6
279.9
35.3
31.5
6.8
26.4
Chile
44.9
9.9
18.6
26.6
36.1
43.7
10.3
19.3
26.7
36.0
Mexico
51.3
32.2
6.7
9.8
188.0
48.1
35.1
7.3
9.6
187.3
United States
35.5
28.1
19.4
17.0
2223.5
36.8
29.3
16.7
17.2
2189.9
OECD Americas
36.6
28.5
17.3
17.6
2727.4
37.5
29.7
15.1
17.7
2685.7
Australia
34.9
25.3
33.1
6.6
125.2
33.6
24.5
35.3
6.6
130.6
Israel
40.0
27.7
28.9
3.4
22.7
39.2
29.9
27.3
3.5
23.3
Japan
43.5
24.4
26.8
5.3
441.7
42.9
23.3
27.5
6.3
435.9
276.2
272.5
Korea
35.9
16.1
30.4
17.6
268.4
37.2
14.2
30.6
18.0
New Zealand
31.7
21.4
6.8
40.1
20.6
32.6
20.1
6.7
40.6
20.4
OECD Asia Oceania
39.6
22.0
28.4
10.0
878.7
39.4
20.7
29.1
10.7
886.4
Austria
35.3
20.0
9.5
35.1
32.2
35.3
20.9
9.8
34.0
32.8
Belgium
42.3
23.9
6.3
27.6
52.8
43.7
26.2
5.9
24.2
52.9
Czech Republic
21.2
15.0
38.5
25.3
41.2
20.8
15.9
39.2
24.0
40.7
Denmark
36.5
17.3
14.7
31.5
16.2
37.1
17.7
10.9
34.3
16.0
Estonia
6.7
7.2
74.6
11.4
6.0
4.9
7.1
70.8
17.1
5.5
Finland
25.7
7.4
13.2
53.7
33.9
24.8
6.8
11.9
56.4
32.5
France
29.0
13.4
3.8
53.8
242.6
28.8
14.3
3.6
53.4
245.7
Germany
33.0
20.7
26.0
20.3
306.1
32.5
21.8
25.5
20.2
311.8
Greece
46.4
10.7
28.9
13.9
23.1
47.5
11.3
26.2
14.9
23.6
Hungary
27.8
30.6
9.6
32.0
22.8
28.4
31.3
9.6
30.7
23.9
Iceland
9.4
1.5
89.1
5.9
10.0
1.6
88.5
5.8
Ireland
45.7
29.1
15.7
9.5
12.8
46.4
28.3
16.3
9.0
13.3
150.7
Italy
35.1
34.5
8.9
21.4
146.8
34.2
36.7
8.2
20.8
Luxembourg
59.7
22.1
1.4
16.9
3.8
59.0
20.6
1.3
19.1
3.7
Netherlands
39.1
39.5
12.3
9.1
72.9
36.9
39.2
15.3
8.6
71.7
Norway
37.8
17.2
3.0
42.0
28.7
36.5
19.3
2.7
41.5
30.2
Poland
23.4
14.3
52.5
9.9
94.0
24.5
14.6
50.8
10.1
94.6
Portugal
43.6
16.4
12.6
27.3
21.2
43.8
18.3
14.7
23.1
22.1
Slovak Republic
18.8
23.6
21.5
36.1
15.9
20.8
23.8
20.0
35.4
16.3
Slovenia
34.6
9.4
15.7
40.3
6.7
34.7
10.1
16.0
39.1
6.6
Spain
40.9
20.7
10.0
28.5
114.6
41.5
20.6
10.9
27.1
119.4
Sweden
24.1
1.6
4.4
69.9
48.2
21.4
1.4
4.3
72.9
50.0
Switzerland
37.5
10.7
0.6
51.3
25.1
37.9
11.6
0.5
49.9
24.5
Turkey
27.0
33.1
29.5
10.4
121.5
30.1
30.2
27.3
12.4
129.7
United Kingdom
32.7
33.3
16.7
17.4
179.4
33.3
34.0
13.3
19.3
180.0
OECD Europe3
32.3
22.3
17.5
27.9
1674.5
32.4
22.9
16.8
27.9
1704.0
35.1
25.3
19.6
19.9
5021.2
35.7
25.8
18.3
20.1
5017.1
35.8
25.4
19.2
19.6
5280.6
36.2
26.0
18.0
19.8
5276.1
IEA Total
OECD Total3

NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition) - III. 191
COUNTRY NOTES
Please note that as a result of revisions, data in
Natural Gas Information 2016 may differ from those
published earlier in Energy Statistics of OECD
Countries and Energy Balances of OECD countries
(see 2. Recent Data Revisions).
Prior to 1973 there are no detailed data available

for autoproducers and for sub-sector industry consumption. Autoproducer data are included in main
activity producer before 1974.
Consumption
Australia
Source
Department of Industry, Innovation and Science,
Canberra.
General notes
In the 2016 edition, the Australian Administration
revised natural gas demand data for some flows
back to 2010, resulting in breaks in time series between 2009 and 2010.
Prior to 1991 natural gas data included ethane.
Data after 1973 are based on national surveys.
All data refer to fiscal years, which run from
1 July to 30 June (e.g. 2015 = 1 July 2014 to 30
June 2015).
For reasons of data confidentiality, Australia does
not provide a breakdown of exports by destination.
This data are estimated by the Secretariat.
Supply
In 2015 the Australian Administration revised production and certain consumption flows back to
2006. The production figures now include previously uncaptured flows.
Transformation
Non-specified transformation of natural gas represents amounts used to produce hydrogen for hydrocracking in refineries.
Until 2005 natural gas consumed to fuel the distribution of natural gas in natural gas networks was reported as transformation for gas works gas production.
Between 2001 and 2002 there are breaks in series
for consumption data due to an industry structural
shift and changes in methodology.
In 1999 and 2000 end-use consumption data are
estimated by the Australian Administration.
Pipeline imports are from Timor Leste.
Austria
Source
Bundesanstalt Statistik sterreich, Vienna.
General note
Prior to 2000 differences due to measurement are included with distribution losses.
Supply
Export amounts are calculated by the national administration by subtracting stock changes and domestic consumption from import figures.
Transformation
Between 1995 and 1996 there is a break in series
for autoproducer electricity and CHP plants due to
the availability of more detailed data.
In 1980 the consumption of natural gas in gas
works within the transformation sector stopped.
III.192 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition)
Consumption
In 2013 the increase in pipeline transport consumption is due to a new methodology of data collection. Historical revisions are pending.
There are inconsistencies in the time series for
commercial/public services as this sub-sector is
computed as a residual.
Prior to 1978 consumption in the non-specified

category of the industry sector includes gas used as
fuel in oil refineries.
Supply
Non-associated gas production data include colliery
gas as well as associated gas produced in Alberta.
Transformation
Belgium
Source
Observatoire de l'Energie, Brussels.
General notes
Between 2005 and 2006 there is a break in stocks
levels due to new method of data collection.
Between 2004 and 2005, and between 2007 and
2008 there are breaks in series for the industry and
energy sectors due to a new legislation for data
collection.
In 2003 the large decrease in non-specified industry consumption is due to improvements in data
collection.
Supply
Since 2009 gas trade in Belgium includes imported
LNG which is regasified and subsequently exported to other countries.
Imports include spot purchases.
Transformation
The Belgian Administration is in the process of
revising 2011 transformation sector data. Due to
this reason, there is an unusually high quantity of
natural gas reported under Not elsewhere specified
(transformation). Revisions are expected in the
next edition of this publication.
Since 2000 natural gas begun to replace blast furnace gas in the iron and steel industry.
Canada
Source
In 2000 the increase in main activity electricity

producer data is due to new generation plants in
Alberta and Ontario.
Gas-to-liquids (transformation) represents quantities of natural gas consumed in the production of
synthetic crude oil.
Non-specified (transformation) represents quantities of natural gas used for the upgrading of refined oil products.
Consumption
Data for the most recent year is preliminary and it
is collected from a different data source. Final data
should be available in the next edition of the book.
From the 2014 edition of this publication, the
Canadian administration revised time series back
to 2005, creating a break in series between 2004
and 2005. Amounts reported as Transport equipment, Machinery, Food, beverages and tobacco,
Wood and wood products, and Textiles and leather
were reported as Non-specified industry prior to
2005. Further historical revisions are pending.
In 2012 the increase consumption by non-metallic
mineral production is due to switching from coal
to natural gas in cement manufacturing.
Prior to 1978 agriculture is included in industry, and
no detailed industry sub-sector data are available.
Chile
Source
Ministerio de Energa, Santiago.
General notes
Data for Chile for 2015p have been estimated by
the IEA Secretariat.
Since 2008 stocks levels data are available.
Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.
Supply
General notes
Since 2009 data representing LPG injected into the

natural gas distribution network are available.
They are reported in from other sources oil.
Prior to 1990 data for consumption of natural gas

for construction are not available.
Transformation
Consumption
For 2009 and 2010 inputs of natural gas to autoproducer CHP plants were estimated by the Chilean Administration. For other years these inputs are
included in autoproducer electricity.
For the 2016 edition, the Danish administration

has revised natural gas consumption in the industry sector from 1990.
Consumption
Natural gas used for oil and gas extraction is included in gas consumption for energy sector own
use under oil refineries.
Czech Republic
Source
Czech Statistical Office, Prague.
General notes
Due to ongoing review of energy data for 20102014, revisions are expected in the 2017 edition.
Prior to 1994 data in transport are for former
Czechoslovakia.
Between 1993 and 1994 there are some breaks in
series due to a change in the energy balance methodology between former Czechoslovakia and the
Czech Republic.
Since 1993 data have been officially submitted by
the Czech Statistical Office.
Supply
From 2013 all non-associated gas production was
reclassified as colliery gas production.
Consumption
Since 2008 hydrogen production is reported in
petrochemical feedstocks as non-energy use.
In 1996 natural gas inputs into gas works ended.
Denmark
Estonia
Source
Statistics Estonia, Tallinn.
General note
Data for Estonia are available starting in 1990. Prior
to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.
Consumption
In 2014 Estonias main company in the Chemical
and petrochemical sector ceased activity, resulting
in no non-energy use of natural gas.
In 2009 Estonias main producer of fertilisers ceased
activity, resulting in a sharp decrease in the non-energy
use of natural gas. The plant reopened in 2012.
Finland
Source
Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
General notes
the time series due to a new survey system and a
reclassification of the data.
the times series as data from 1990 to 1999 were
revised by the Finnish Administration in 2002.
Transformation
Consumption in Other transformation is mainly
natural gas used for cracking and hydration in oil
refineries.
Consumption
Source
Danish Energy Agency, Copenhagen.
General note
In 2004 the Danish administration revised the time
series back to 1972.
Since 1995 the breakdown between residential and

commerce-public services is available due to new
system of data collection.
Prior to 1989 data for consumption in the residential and agricultural sectors were estimated by the
Finnish Administration.
France
Source
Ministre de l'Environnement, de l'Energie et de la
Mer, Paris.
General notes
series due to improvements in the data collection.
Until 2007 some statistical differences reported by
the French utilities were included in distribution
losses. Since 2008 these amounts are included under statistical differences.
Since February 2003 there is a break in the monthly trade data series due to modifications in the reporting methodology.
series due to a new methodology for preparing the
natural gas balances.
From 1990 to 1998 statistical differences include gas
consumption which is not broken down by sectors.
Supply
Between 2000 and 2010 the exports breakdown is
not available.
Pipeline imports from non-specified/other origin
may contain spot purchases of LNG.
The pipeline imports and pipeline exports data
include transit amounts. Revisions are pending.
Consumption
From 2012, the energy consumption is more detailed due to a more precise national survey.
in the industry sub-sectors.
Gas for pipelines is included in distribution losses.

series due to the fact that information on district
heating has become available
Since 2003 there are no official data for the construction sector.
for some sectors due to modifications in reporting
methodology.
Between 1994 and 1995 there are some breaks in series due to the fact that the industry sub-sector breakdown is based on the 1995 NACE classification.
Supply
Non specified imports include gas imported from
UK and Denmark.
Imports include also transits for other countries
and exports are mainly re-exports of natural gas
originating from other countries.
Transformation
In 2003 there is a break in series for electricity and
CHP plants (both autoproducers and main activity
producers).
Prior to 1995 inputs of natural gas for main activity producer heat plants are included with main activity producer CHP plants.
Consumption
Since 2003 consumption in agriculture and other
non-specified, which were previously estimated,
are no longer shown, and losses data have been included in statistical differences.
Since 2003 gas consumption in coke ovens was
negligible.
Also prior to 1995 end-use consumption data are
based on Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen.
Before 1970 there is no detailed breakdown available for the industry sector with the exception of
iron and steel and chemical industries.
Germany
Source
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy,
Berlin.
Greece
Source
Ministry for Environment and Energy, Athens.
General notes
due to a new, more comprehensive legal framework
that resulted in methodological changes for production and new calorific values for natural gas.
General notes
Natural gas produced in Greece has a higher than
average GCV due to a high content of C2/C4
hydrocarbons.
In 1997 a new pipeline between Russia and Greece

became operational.
Supply
In November 1998 the production of natural gas
stopped in and started again in December 1999.
Consumption
for the non-ferrous metals due to a new methodology for measuring gas consumed by this
sub-sector.
In 1998 consumption in the residential sector is
included with commercial/public services.
Hungary
Iceland
There is no natural gas data for Iceland, as there is
neither production nor consumption.
Ireland
Sources
Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit.
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, Cork.
Supply
Since 1996 the increase in imports is due to the depletion of the Kinsale gas field and the availability
of a new pipeline system to the United Kingdom.
Source
Transformation
Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory

Authority, Budapest.
Since 2006 onwards a different methodology for

allocating unsold steam from autoproducer CHP is
used.
Non specified (transformation) corresponds to natural gas blended with refinery gas.
General notes
for the stock levels.
Between 1996 and 1997 some breaks in series exist due to a new methodology applied by the Hungarian Administration.
Supply
From 2001 to 2004 statistical difference includes
natural gas used for refilling cushion gas.
Transformation
Prior to 2004, iron and steel consumption includes
transformation of natural gas in blast furnaces.
The increase in main activity producer CHP plants
data in 2000 is due to a reclassification of autoproducer plants into main activity producer plants.
Since 1997, two autoproducer heat plants have
been reclassified to main activity producer heat
plants.
Consumption
series for energy sector, transport and industry
consumption due to a new methodology. Historical
revisions are pending.
Consumption
In 2011 the increase in non-ferrous metals consumption is due to a fuel switch to natural gas.
In 2007 the increase in machinery consumption is
due to changes in industry sub-sector structure and
fuel usage.
In 2004 there is a break in series in food, beverages and tobacco consumption due to a change in
methodology.
In 2003 feedstock use in the petrochemical industry
stopped due to the shutdown of a fertiliser plant.
In 2001 natural gas consumption in the iron and
steel industry stopped due to the shutdown of Irelands main steel plant.
Prior to 1986 detailed consumption figures for the
use of natural gas in industry and other sectors are
not available.
Israel
Source
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem.
General note
From 2012 all natural gas data, except inputs to electricity production, were estimated by the Secretariat.
Supply
Imports of natural gas began in 2008.
Italy
Source
Ministry of Economic Development, Rome.
General notes
Since 1991 data for losses include some statistical
differences. However, since 1994 improved collection methods have decreased these differences.
Japan
Source
The Institute of Energy Economics, Tokyo.
General note
Since 1990 data are reported on a fiscal year basis,
which runs from 1 April to 31 March (e.g. 2014 =
April 2014 to March 2015).
Transformation
Since 1990 most of the gas works gas production
and consumption has been included with natural
gas.
Korea

level.
Source
Transformation
General note
Prior to 2008, inputs of natural gas to all heat

production in industry were reported in final
consumption.
Energy industry own-use in liquefaction plants includes measuring errors and losses.

in industry and transformation due to a new data
reporting methodology
From 2000 to 2002 no autoproducer data are available due to confidentiality reasons. These data are
included in main activity producer plants.
In 1996 the production of gas works gas from natural gas ceased.
Consumption
Since 2007 a more detailed breakdown of consumption for energy industry own use is available.
Prior to 1990 consumption in commerce/public
services is included in residential.
Korea Energy Economics Institute, Ulsan.
Consumption
Prior to 2007 consumption of natural gas in machinery was included with transport equipment.
From 1987 to 1991 the breakdown of final consumption has been estimated by the Secretariat, as
well as the residential subsector for 1992.
Luxembourg
Source
Statec Institut national de la statistique et des tudes
conomiques du Grand-Duch du Luxembourg,
Luxembourg.
Prior to 1970 the breakdown of industry data is

only available for iron and steel and chemical industry; all other data are included in non-specified
industry.
General notes
Except for liquefaction plants, data in the energy

sector are estimated and include statistical differences and other non-specified consumption.
Since 2012, methodology to determine final consumption was changed in order to integrate basic
data from National Accounts.
The breakdown of Total final consumption for the

latest year is preliminary and will be finalised in
the next edition of the book.
Supply
Non-specified imports include gas purchased on
the spot market.
Transformation
In 2011 the principal main activity producer electricity plant was modified to become a main activity producer CHP plant.
Since 2002 the increase of gas consumption in the
transformation sector is due to a new 350-MW
combined cycle power plant.
energy publications, as the IEA includes only dry

gas and excludes natural gas liquids.
Consumption
Losses and pipeline transport are included in oil
and gas extraction.
Netherlands
Source
In 1982 there is a break in series in transformation

and industry due to a change in methodology.
Statistics Netherlands, The Hague.
Consumption
The Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics has

conducted revisions of their energy balance in
2015. These revisions were the result of increased
data collection, availability of new source information, and further alignment with international
energy definitions.
Since 2000 a more detailed breakdown of final

consumption data is available due to a change in
methodology.
Since 2000 consumption in the non-ferrous metals
sub-sector is included in iron and steel for reasons
of confidentiality.
Prior to 2000 residential consumption includes
consumption in commercial/public services and
agriculture/forestry.
General note

1984 there are breaks in series due to the introduction of more comprehensive surveys on end-use
consumption.
Supply
Mexico
Source
Secretara de Energa, Mexico City.
General note
In the 2016 edition, the Mexican administration
completed a major work on revisions of the time
series back to 1990. More revisions to historical
data are pending.
In 2013 there are breaks in series due to a change
in the methodology for reporting energy data. The
Mexican Administration is currently working on
the revision of historical data.
From 1993 to 1999 oil and gas extraction and nonspecified (industry) data were estimated.
Since 1993 the breakdown of the energy sector and
of other sectors is available.
Since 1993 data have been submitted by the Secretara de Energa.
Natural gas reported in the IEA publications may
be different from what is reported in the Mexican
In the past, the amounts reported under indigenous

production also included quantities coming from
stock changes. The reason was that the Dutch Administration could not distinguish between quantities of natural gas falling under marketable production and amounts being moved from offshore
fields to onshore fields without undergoing any
purification and/or other necessary production
processes. The Dutch Administration informed the
IEA Secretariat that starting from 2015 the data
reported distinguish between amounts to be reported as indigenous production and amounts that
should be classified as stock changes.
Imports from Germany include imports from
Russia.
Transformation
In 2009 the increase in main activity electricity
consumption is due to the opening of a new plant
in the second half of 2008.
In 2008 the large increase in autoproducer CHP
plants consumption is due to a new autoproducer
CHP plant which came on-stream.
Since 2003 there is a break in series data for autoproducer CHP due to an improved method to allocate unsold steam from autoproducer CHP plants.
Norway
Consumption
Source

in the commercial/public services consumption
due to a major reorganisation of three public utility
companies.
Commercial/public services consumption includes
other non-specified consumption.
Statistics Norway, Oslo.
New Zealand
Source
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment,
Wellington.
General notes
for the final consumption breakdown due to the introduction of a new survey.
From 1977 to 1979 and from 1986 to 1989 losses
are included in the statistical difference.
Supply
In 2014, non-energy consumption in the Chemical
sector ran at full production for the first time in
several years (mainly methanol production). This
increase approximately matches the increase in
natural gas production.
Transformation
In 1998 there is a large increase in autoproducer
CHP plants consumption as two new autoproducer
CHP plants came on-stream.
Consumption
In 2005 the decline in chemical industry consumption was due to the closure of the Motunui methanol production plant. The Motunui plant was then
reopened in late 2008.
Prior to 2003 gas consumed in industry includes
some gas for energy industry own-use.
In February 1997 production of synthetic gasoline
from natural gas ended.
Since 1990 detailed consumption breakdown for
industry is available.
General note
Since 2008 data on stocks are available.
Supply
For Norway, supply of natural gas is the residual
of two very large and opposite amounts: production and exports. As a result, large statistical differences in some years may lead to discrepancies
in the growth rates of supply and demand of natural gas.
From 2013, pipeline export breakdown by country
has been estimated by the Secretariat.
In 2008 there is a break in series for indigenous
production as the production of gas amounts consumed by the offshore platforms was included.
In 2000 non-associated natural gas production
ceased.
In 1992 the large increase in oil and gas extraction
is due to the start-up of new fields.
Transformation
Since 2007 gas inputs to all electricity and CHP
plants are included in autoproducers electricity
plants due to confidentiality.
Consumption
In 2007 the increase in non-specified transport is
due to the wider use of gas-powered sea vessels.
Since 2002 domestic navigation is included under
non-specified transport.
Before 2000 oil and gas extraction consumption
also included some data which should have been
included under total final consumption.
Consumption for pipeline transport is included in
oil and gas extraction
Poland
Source
Central Statistical Office, Warsaw.
General notes
Transformation
Since 2013 there is an increased coverage of companies, mainly for transport equipment, textiles
and leather and non-specified industry.
Since 2004 stock data are available.
In 2014, the decrease in Autoproducer CHP plants

consumption was due to a plant closure.
Since 2012, data reported for Non-specified
(Transformation) represent natural gas used for
hydrogen manufacture. Prior to this year, these
quantities are reported under Petroleum Refineries.
In 2002 the decrease in natural gas used for gas
works is due to the closing of the Lisbon gas
works plant in May 2001.
Prior to 2000 monthly natural gas have been estimated by the Secretariat on the basis of quarterly
published data.
Distribution losses may include some statistical
differences.
Due to a limited companies classification system,
high statistical variations occur in certain consumption sectors.
Supply
Since 2010 gas imports from Russia include gas
produced in Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan.
In 2009 imports reported from Other FSU are from
Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan or Uzbekistan.
Natural gas reported in associated production contains some heavier hydrocarbons. This results in a
high gross calorific value for this flow.
Transformation
Non-specified transformation data represent natural gas used for hydrogen manufacture in catalytic
reforming processes.
Consumption
Non-specified energy industry own use includes
gas used for heating and pumping operations in the
distribution network.
Portugal
Source
Direco-Geral de Energia e Geologia, Lisbon.
Supply
Prior to February 2004 most LNG imports from
Nigeria arrived via the Huelva terminal in Spain,
where they were regasified and sent by pipeline to
Portugal. From February 2004 LNG imports arrive
directly at the Sines terminal.
Since February 1997 Portugal started to import
natural gas.
Slovak Republic
Source
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava.
General notes
Since 2009 data for losses are no longer available.
1979 there are breaks in series due to a revision of
data for 1968-1969 and 1979-92 made in 2003.
Data for 1970 were estimated by the Secretariat.
Supply
In 2002 the GCV of indigenous production increased significantly as extraction from a field
with a low GCV ended.
Imports include gas used for pipeline compressor
stations.
Transformation
In 2014, the decrease in Autoproducer CHP plants
consumption was due to a plant closure.
Between 1994 and 2003 the consumption in other
transformation was mainly natural gas used as a
feedstock in refineries to make LPG.
Consumption in other transformation is mainly
natural gas used for production of hydrogen and in
hydrocracking for gasoline.
Slovenia
Source
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia,
Ljubljana.
General notes
Transformation
From 1990 data for Slovenia are available. Prior to

that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.
series due to the implementation of a new energy
data collection system in January 2001.
There are inconsistencies in the time series for
commercial/public services as this sub-sector is
computed by the Slovenian administration as a
residual.
In 1997 the increase in main activity producer

electricity consumption is due to two main activity
producer electricity producers running on natural
gas.
Consumption
In 2011 the decrease in the chemical sector consumption is due to minimal use of gas for production of methanol.
Spain
Source
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, Madrid.
General notes
In 2014, there are breaks in series for some transformation sectors due to the implementation of a
new tool for data collection.
levels due to the exclusion of mechanically recoverable cushion gas from the reported levels.
levels due to a new methodology of including
stocks in transport facilities and in storage facilities during testing phase .
series for the energy industry own use and for final
consumption due to a change in the estimation
methodology.
levels due to an improvement in stocks level data
from 2003 onwards.
Supply
Between 1996 and 1997 total imports and domestic supply increased due to the enlargement of the
gas grid.
Pipeline imports data from France are reported
based on the country of last consignment.

in autoproducer CHP plants consumption, since a
new survey revealed a large number of CHP autoproducers that were previously included in industry consumption.
Since 1990 the decrease of natural gas inputs into
gas works gas production is due to the substitution
of natural gas by manufactured gas.
Consumption
Since 2001the final consumption breakdown is
estimated by the Spanish Administration.
Since 1988 the increase of natural gas used as
feedstock is due to a substitution of naphtha for the
production of fertilisers.
Prior to 1982 natural gas consumption in textiles
and leather, transportation equipment and machinery has been included in non-specified industry.
Sweden
Source
Energimyndigheten, Eskilstuna.
General notes
In 2013 the gas consumed by oil refineries has
been estimated by the Secretariat.
In 2008 total final consumption and its breakdown
have been estimated by the Secretariat based on
other Statistics Sweden publications.
Since 2005 the natural gas inputs to gas works has
been estimated by the Secretariat.
Transformation
Autoproducer inputs to waste-heat production that
is sold are reported in the respective end-use sectors and not in the transformation sector.
Consumption
Prior to 1993 road transport is included in commerce/
public services.
Switzerland
Non-specified transformation of natural gas represents amounts used to produce hydrogen for hydrocracking in refineries.
Source
Consumption
Swiss Federal Office of Energy - SFOE, Bern.
In 2013 no natural gas was consumed by blast furnaces due to it being replaced by coal and coke.
General note
Between 1998 and 1999 there are breaks in series for
the final consumption breakdown due to the introduction of a new survey.
Transformation
In 2007 and 2008 there are breaks in series for
main activity producers CHP plants due to the
closing of a plant in 2007 and the reopening of another plant in 2008.
In 1996 the increase of gas consumption in main
activity CHP plants is due to more complete accounting for all producing entities.
Consumption
due to the introduction of a new survey by industry
type.
Turkey
Source
Petrol leri Genel Mdrl, Ankara.
General notes
From 2009 there are some breaks in series across
all sectors as consumption data started being collected by a different institution, the Turkish Energy Market Regulatory Authority.
In 2008 there is a break in series for stock change
due to a revision of storage capacity.
In 2006 there is a break in series for non-energy
use in chemical industry due to classification improvements.
Non-specified industry includes the natural gas
distributed by OIZ (Organised Industrial Zones).
Transformation
In 2014, some autoproducer plants in Turkey were
reclassified as main activity producer due to a
change in the legislation.
Prior to 2001 commerce/public services consumption was included in the residential data.
Between 1999 and 2001 the decrease in natural gas
consumption in petrochemical feedstocks is due to
the fertiliser industry.
Since 1988 natural gas consumption data in the
chemical industry (for fertilisers) and in nonspecified industry (dye industry) are available.
Non-specified energy sector includes gas used for
heating and pumping operations in the distribution
network.
United Kingdom
Source
Department of Energy and Climate Change, London.
General notes
Since 1992 distribution losses include metering
differences and losses due to pipeline leakage.
Prior to 1985 distribution losses include stock
changes.
Supply
In 2009 the increase in LNG imports is due to the
expansion of the Isle of Grain terminal and to two
new terminals at Milford Haven. These included
gas that arrived at the Isle of Grain terminal in
November and December 2008 but which was not
unloaded until 2009.
In 2002 the increase in imports is due to increased
supplies from the Norwegian sector of the North
Sea through the Vesterled pipeline, which was
commissioned in the 4th quarter of 2001.
Imports from Belgium reflect imports from
unknown origin through the Bacton-Zeebrugge
Interconnector.
Exports to Ireland include gas offtake by the Isle
of Man.
Transformation
The natural gas reported in coke oven transformation is used to form synthetic coke oven gas rather than undergoing a coking process.
The natural gas consumed to fuel the distribution
of natural gas in natural gas networks is reported
under non-specified energy.
Consumption includes substitute natural gas made
at gas works and piped into the natural gas distribution system.
Consumption
energy final consumption in the industrial sector

and its subsectors, including the non-manufacturing
industries of mining, construction and agriculture.
Historical revisions are pending.
From 1995 to 2001 the detailed breakdown of industry consumption is estimated by the Energy Information Administration using the Manufacturing
Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), which is
conducted quadrennially.
Puerto Rico is currently not included in US data.
LNG imports into Puerto Rico are reported under
Latin America.
Before 2008 consumption of natural gas in the

commercial sector is included in other nonspecified while public services consumption is
shown separately.
Supply

series in sectoral consumption due to a new methodology of data estimation.
Since 2013, data reported for Non-specified

(Transformation) represent natural gas used for
hydrogen manufacture. Prior to this year, these
quantities are reported under the petrochemical
sector.
series for the transformation subsectors due to a
new data reporting method.
From 1990 to 2002 the amounts of gas works gas
that are blended with natural gas have been estimated on the basis of the output efficiency of the
process.
Since 1989 consumption by autoproducer CHP
plants is available, while consumption by autoproducer electricity and main activity producer
CHP plants is available since 1991. Prior to these
years these consumptions are included with industry and commerce/public services.
Non-specified energy sector includes gas used for

heating and pumping operations in the distribution
network.
Data in the non-specified industry sector refer to
sales by independent gas suppliers unallocated by
categories.
Natural gas consumed by the mining and quarrying and the wood and wood products sectors is included under non-specified industry.
United States
Source
Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC.
General notes
Since the 2014 edition of this publication, energy
final consumption data for the United States present breaks in series with historical data due to a
change in methodology. The break in series occurs
between 2011 and 2012 for oil; and between 2001
and 2002 for electricity and natural gas. The new
methodology is based on the last historical year of
the most recent Annual Energy Outlook (AEO)
publication. Changes occur primarily in reported
LNG exports include re-exports.
Transformation
Consumption
Until 2001 agriculture and forestry consumption is
included under industry .
Prior to 1995 a detailed breakdown of industry
consumption is not available (between 1990 and
1994 chemical consumption is estimated by the
American Administration).
In 1991 data on natural gas use in the road sector
were collected for the first time, and are not available for previous years.
Consumption in fisheries included under industry.
ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSION

FACTORS
General conversion factors
General conversion factors for energy
To:
From:
TJ
Gcal
Mtoe
MBtu
GWh
multiply by:
Terajoule (TJ)
2.388x10
1
-3
1.000x10
-3
2.520x10
Gigacalorie (Gcal)
4.187x10
Million tonnes of oil

equivalent (Mtoe)
4.187x10
Million British thermal

units (MBtu)
1.055x10
Gigawatt hour (GWh)
2.388x10
-5
9.478x10
1.000x10
-7
3.968
3.968x10
-1
2.520x10
-8
8.598x10
-5
3.412x10
8.598x10
3.600
2.778x10
-1
1.163x10
-3
1.163x10
2.931x10
-4
Conversion factors for mass

To:
From:
kg
lt
st
lb
multiply by:
Kilogramme (kg)
9.842x10
-4
9.842x10
-1
1.016
1.000x10
-3
Tonne (t)
1.000x10
Long ton (lt)
1.016x10
Short ton (st)
9.072x10
9.072x10
-1
8.929x10
-1
Pound (lb)
4.536x10
-1
4.536x10
-4
4.464x10
-4
1.102x10
-3
2.205
1.102
2.205x10
1.120
2.240x10
2.000x10
5.000x10
-4
Conversion factors for volume

To:
From:
gal U.S.
gal U.K.
bbl
ft
cm
multiply by:
U.S. gallon (gal U.S.)
U.K. gallon (gal U.K.)
1.201
Barrel (bbl)
8.327x10
1
4.200x10
3
Cubic foot (ft )
-1
7.481
3.497x10
6.229
-1
2.200x10
2.200x10
Litre (l)
2.642x10
Cubic metre (cm)
2.642x10
-1
2
2.381x10
-2
1.337x10
-1
3.785
3.785x10
-3
2.859x10
-2
1.605x10
-1
4.546
4.546x10
-3
5.615
1.781x10
-1
6.290x10
-3
6.290
1
3.531x10
1.590x10
1.590x10
-1
2.832x10
2.832x10
-2
1.000x10
-3
-2
1.000x10
3.531x10
Conversion factors from mass or volume to heat

(Gross calorific value)
GAS
LNG
To:
From:
cm
MJ
Norway
Btu
Netherlands
Russia
Algeria
Qatar
MJ
Btu
MJ
Btu
MJ
Btu
MJ
Btu
MJ
Btu
multiply by:
Kg
40.00
37 913
40.00
37 913
33.32
31 581
38.23
36 235
39.19
37 145
41.17
39 018
54.25
51 417
52.22
49 495
42.07
39 875
55.25
52 363
52.46
49 726
54.98
52 107
1. At 15oC
2. In gaseous state average OECD imports
Conversion factors for natural gas

Scm versus Ncm
To:
From:
LNG versus GAS
Standard
cm
Normal
cm
To:
From:
multiply by:
Standard cm
Normal cm
9.480x10
1.055
-1
t of
LNG
cm of LNG
3. 1 Scm measured at 15oC and 760 mm Hg

4. 1 Ncm measured at 0oC and 760 mm Hg
Standard
cm
2.220
1.360x10
6.150x10
multiply by:
t of LNG
cm of
LNG
Standard cm
4.500x10
-1
7.350x10
-4
1.626x10
-3
5. 1 Scm = 40 MJ
Gross versus net calorific value

6
1 NCV = 0.9 GCV
6. NCV = Net Calorific Value

7. GCV = Gross Calorific Value
Conversion factors for natural gas flow rates8

To
From:
Bcm per year
Mt per year
Bcf/d
Tcf per year
Bcm
per year
Mt
per year
Bcf/d
Tcf
per year
PJ
per year
TWh
per year
MBtu
per year
Mtoe
per year
multiply by:
1
7.350x10
1.360
-1
1.033x10
2.830x10
7.595
9.681x10
-2
3.534x10
-2
4.000x10
1.111x10
3.790x10
1.317x10
-1
4.808x10
-2
5.440x10
1.511x10
5.160x10
1.299
3.650x10
-1
4.132x10
1.148x10
3.910x10
9.869
1.132x10
3.145x10
1.070x10
2.704x10
9.470x10
2.388x10
-2
3.410x10
8.598x10
-2
2.520x10
-8
2.081x10
2.740
PJ per year
2.500x10
-2
1.838x10
-2
2.420x10
-3
8.834x10
-4
TWh per year
9.000x10
-2
6.615x10
-2
8.713x10
-3
3.180x10
-3
MBtu per year
2.638x10
-8
1.939x10
-8
2.554x10
-9
9.320x10
Mtoe per year
1.047
7.693x10
-1
1.013x10
-1
3.698x10
8. Based on gas with calorific value of 40 MJ/cm at standard conditions
1
3.600
2.778x10
-1
-10
1.055x10
-6
2.930x10
-2
4.187x10
-7
1.163x10
3.970x10
9.554x10
-1
Country specific conversion factors

1
Average Gross Calorific Value of Natural Gas

3
(kJ/m )
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Bolivia
Brazil
Brunei Darussalam
Bulgaria
Cameroon
Canada
Chile
China, People's Republic
Colombia
Congo
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Congo, Democratic Republic
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Estonia
Finland
France
Gabon
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Hong Kong (China)
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Republic
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Production
37 677
39 565
38 000
38 942
39 300
38 162
39 040
38 000
38 807
38 622
38 940
37 861
39 425
39 463
37 339
38 000
38 683
39 112
38 931
34 598
38 000
37 283
37 889
36 957
37 882
38 000
41 517
38 000
41 612
38 000
39 615
37 700
33 944
34 055
38 000
49 199
38 000
36 123
39 000
40 600
39 356
38 000
37 691
38 268e
38 100
42 312
31 223
42 057
41 707
38 000
39 021
38 000
38 000
39 249
Imports
37 700
39 565
38 000
38 942
37 700
40 000
38 167
38 000
38 807
38 622
38 240
38 940
37 862
39 425
39 463
38 231
38 000
38 483
39 108
38 865
34 598
38 000
37 283
37 889
36 957
38 148
38 000
41 507
38 000
41 612
38 000
37 785
37 986
38 264
40 760
37 700
39 144
38 988
38 000
38 963
38 000
38 372
41 400
40 600
39 356
38 000
39 625
38 390e
38 100
39 106
31 223
39 020
41 705
38 000
39 021
37 651
38 897
38 000
37 861
40 525
39 249
Exports
37 700
39 565
38 000
38 942
40 000
38 158
39 040
38 000
38 807
39 611
38 940
37 861
39 425
39 463
36 864
38 000
38 683
38 931
34 598
38 000
37 283
37 889
36 957
39 790
38 000
41 517
38 000
41 612
38 000
37 523
41 029
37 700
38 988
38 000
38 000
38 384
38 520
40 600
39 356
38 000
38 100
31 223
39 023
38 000
38 000
38 000
37 000
39 249
Consumption
37 437
39 565
38 000
38 942
37 700
38 812
38 167
39 040
38 000
38 807
38 622
38 130
38 940
37 862
39 425
39 463
38 168
38 000
38 638
39 266
38 931
34 598
38 000
37 283
37 889
36 957
38 191
38 000
41 517
38 000
41 612
38 000
37 785
37 986
38 266
40 707
37 700
39 272
38 212
38 000
39 023
38 000
38 050
39 663
40 600
39 356
38 000
39 522
38 240e
38 100
39 524
31 223
43 683
41 817
38 000
39 021
37 651
38 897
38 000
37 860
40 512
39 249
1. Average values for 2008 to 2013
Average Gross Calorific Value of Natural Gas

3
(kJ/m )
Production
39 852
33 880
39 685
41 270
39 269
33 339
38 000
39 502
37 999
37 805
38 000
38 000
38 000
32 319
44 922
38 499
28 676
41 400
36 926
38 231
38 000
33 494
37 042
38 000
39 369
39 935
38 000
40 589
37 700
37 263
38 000
38 139
36 396
38 937
40 264
38 315
37 858
37 899
39 813
35 571
38 000
38 211
37 889
41 143
38 612
40 431
Mexico
Moldova, Republic
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
New Zealand
Oman
Other Africa
Other Asia and Pacific
Other Latin America
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Chinese Taipei
Tajikistan
Tanzania, United Republic
Thailand
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Kingdom
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Imports
38 200
33 865
39 685
41 270
39 269
33 339
38 000
41 400
38 000
38 000
38 000
32 319
44 922
38 499
38 155
40 379
41 400
37 061
38 230
38 000
33 494
37 042
38 000
38 351
37 862
38 000
40 465
41 468
38 088
37 700
41 449
38 000
38 000
36 396
38 937
39 941
38 303
37 858
38 000
39 300
38 230
38 000
38 089
37 889
41 143
38 612
40 770
Exports
37 019
39 685
41 270
39 269
33 339
38 000
39 498
42 116
38 000
38 000
38 000
32 319
44 922
38 499
38 191
41 400
38 230
38 000
33 494
38 000
38 680
38 000
40 457
37 700
37 263
37 700
38 139
36 396
38 937
42 600
38 310
37 858
37 899
39 656
35 587
38 000
37 584
37 889
41 143
38 612
40 431
Consumption
38 358
33 862
39 685
41 270
39 269
33 339
38 000
39 502
37 871
38 025
38 000
38 000
38 000
32 319
44 922
38 499
35 173
40 379
41 400
36 929
38 230
38 000
33 494
37 042
38 000
38 369
37 872
38 000
40 428
41 470
38 088
37 700
41 185
38 000
38 139
36 396
38 937
40 266
38 303
37 858
37 899
39 608
37 199
38 000
38 211
37 889
41 143
38 612
40 431
1. Average values for 2009 to 2014.

Source: Annual Gas Statistics
Abbreviations and conventions

Abbreviations
Mt
toe
Mtoe
Million metric tonnes

Tonnes of oil equivalent
Million tonnes of oil equivalent
cm
Mcm
Bcm
Cubic metre
Btu
TJ
MJ
British thermal unit

Terajoule
Megajoule
IV.2 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition)
Table 1. Selected natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline

US dollars/MBtu
Origin:
Austria
1
Belgium
France
1
Germany
1
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
1
Italy
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
Russia
Average1
Average
Algeria
Russia
11.91
8.35
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.70
4.99
6.59
9.18
9.44
10.46
8.27
6.37
11.57
8.67
8.74
11.14
13.22
12.10
8.97e
6.97
..
..
..
..
11.57
11.75
10.55e
7.96e
11.50
8.47
8.05
10.58
11.05
10.73
9.14
6.58
..
8.31
9.90
11.17
13.66
13.13
11.05
6.61
11.97
9.68
9.62
11.12
12.12
11.96
9.95e
7.41
8.19
6.08
6.36
7.67
8.75
9.80
8.57e
6.54
..
8.51
9.14
11.39
12.68
12.88
11.90
7.74
..
10.02
10.32
12.45
13.12
12.09
10.26
7.41
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8.27
10.29
9.26
9.50
9.08
8.72
8.71
8.64
9.66
9.99
10.19
10.44
12.94
14.01
13.58
13.31
12.51
11.91
11.47
13.31
14.72
13.53
13.39
13.77
11.05
11.95
11.11
11.56
12.02
11.47
10.78
11.03
10.87
11.56
12.40
12.87
11.43
11.42
11.51
11.59
11.20
10.46
10.20
10.54
10.81
10.87
11.01
11.17
14.88
14.10
12.79
13.60
12.33
12.76
13.75
14.45
14.74
11.85
13.59
14.04
12.66
11.40
12.12
11.69
12.20
11.53
11.53
12.25
11.93
12.34
12.32
13.18
7.52
9.14
8.88
8.87
8.53
8.09
7.86
8.28
8.57
9.48
9.89
9.81
12.98
12.61
12.18
12.35
12.58
12.40
12.37
12.55
14.16
14.37
12.30
12.52
13.10
14.42
14.61
11.35
11.60
11.59
13.22
12.60
13.77
13.32
13.32
13.43
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.43
10.32
10.66
10.91
10.14
10.04
9.94
9.95
10.35
10.35
10.63
11.23
12.92
12.73
12.93
13.13
12.25
12.87
11.71
11.66
11.68
11.64
11.22
11.37
12.29
12.26
11.45
11.39
11.90
11.97
11.64
11.54
11.35
11.33
11.80
11.96
11.11
11.04
10.68
10.69
10.66
10.69
10.51
10.54
10.32
10.93
10.66
10.86
13.69
13.43
13.00
12.41
13.19
13.62
13.02
13.16
13.06
13.38
12.61
12.82
12.87
12.61
11.55
12.31
12.12
12.23
11.71
11.44
11.46
11.52
11.48
11.74
9.44
9.60
11.17
10.01
9.26
8.71
8.91
9.39
9.67
9.94
10.39
10.79
13.23
12.56
12.69
12.20
13.64
13.61
14.05
13.01
13.08
13.66
11.99
11.95
12.97
12.39
12.29
12.30
12.49
12.35
12.04
12.09
12.18
10.75
11.60
11.63
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.48
10.51
9.78
8.28
7.65
6.86
6.46
6.80
7.81
7.89
8.24
8.20
11.76
11.70
11.03
9.62
8.88
8.35
7.76
7.02e
6.77
7.56
8.26
8.60
13.54e
12.72e
11.71e
10.55e
10.00e
9.86e
10.34e
9.94e
9.69e
9.74e
9.44e
9.77e
11.06
10.64
10.22
9.71
9.03
8.94
8.15
7.88
7.98
8.48
8.60
8.70
11.13
11.01
11.02
10.99
11.06
11.57
11.07
11.04
11.85
10.73
10.67
10.85
11.87
11.60
11.37e
10.58
10.33
9.50
9.12
8.35
8.39e
9.00
9.46
10.76e
10.49
10.18
9.59e
8.59
8.14
7.90
7.41
7.49
8.01
8.29
8.19
8.41
11.95
12.84
13.07
12.45
11.72
11.17
11.50
11.75
11.12
11.08
11.62
10.91
11.17
11.96
11.96
11.18
11.07
9.15
9.20
8.89
8.18
8.35
9.03
9.07
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.75
7.44
6.86
6.91
6.67
6.70
6.69
6.27
6.25
5.93
5.28
4.96
8.14
7.79
6.92
7.23
7.15
7.09
6.71
6.87
6.88
6.71
6.23
6.34
9.13e
8.23e
8.15e
8.30e
8.34e
8.16e
7.95e
7.40e
7.37e
7.78e
7.31e
7.16e
7.85
7.20
7.08
6.69
6.69
6.85
6.38
6.71
6.36
6.12
5.75
5.62
9.19
9.15
9.35
6.76
6.74
7.13
6.08
6.07
6.07
5.69
5.75
5.79
8.80
8.79
7.99
8.38
7.64
7.78
7.30
7.08
7.23
6.91
6.23
6.32
7.31
7.50
7.26
6.51
6.36
6.35
6.42
5.99
6.08
6.00
6.34
6.29
10.10
8.59
8.47
8.89
7.50
7.34
7.01
7.04
7.61
7.36
6.29
6.43
8.67
7.68
6.88
7.33
7.73
7.68
7.21
7.33
7.29
8.81
6.46
6.18
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Czech
Republic
Note: Please refer to "Sources and Notes" in the Introduction. Import prices derived from Eurostat Trade Statistics, converted by IEA into US dollars
per MBtu. In 2009 edition the IEA changed the way it calculates European Union member states' natural gas import prices. From January 2005
onwards, the import prices are now derived by dividing values in euros by quantities reported in terajoules. These are then converted to nationa
currency per Mbtu. Prior to January 2005, import prices are derived from dividing values in euros by quantities reported in kilograms, which are
then converted to national currency per MBtu. Please note that this has led to small revisions in the time series.
Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible
1. Weighted average based only on all imports for which prices are available. For the European Union, calculated average prices may not be comparable
from one month to the other due to differing components. For more information, please consult "Sources and Notes".
Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-European Union Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values.
NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition) - IV.3
Table 1. Selected natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline (continued)
Netherlands
Portugal
Slovak
Republic
Average
UK
Average1
Average
Norway
Algeria
..
9.05
8.66
10.72
12.82
12.33
10.49
7.45
..
..
..
11.33
..
..
..
..
10.92
..
8.60
11.48
12.74
12.38
12.31
8.25
11.65
..
9.47
10.80
11.18
9.43e
9.46e
6.94
..
8.20
7.29
9.06
10.10
10.14
9.74
7.03
12.74
13.43
13.10
12.18
12.40
12.22
12.41
12.65
13.81
13.52
12.64
12.75
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.76
12.59
12.57
12.95
12.47
12.63
13.52
13.50
13.89
12.31
12.42
12.04
9.20
11.37
11.02
10.81
10.95
10.58
11.15
10.99
11.34
11.19
12.63
11.80
13.01
12.39
12.13
12.04
12.71
12.62
12.21
12.41
12.51
12.26
11.79
11.92
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.72
12.71
12.45
12.36
12.57
13.14
12.19
12.57
12.41
11.99
11.93
12.02
11.53
12.02
12.01
11.41
10.90
10.02
9.58
9.49
9.37
9.13
9.93
9.61
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.18
8.08
7.43
7.78
7.75
7.60
7.30
7.16
7.19
7.94
6.25
6.19
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Italy
1
Spain
US dollars/MBtu
European Union
Origin:
Member States
Sweden
UK
Average1
Denmark
Norway
Average1
9.44
7.23
7.52
9.62
10.92
10.66
10.27
7.42
9.60
7.41
7.49
9.54
10.78
10.59
10.20
7.38
12.16
8.49
9.25
12.70
12.79
12.15
9.52
7.42
9.17
4.90
4.70
7.00
7.95
8.36
6.63
6.07
10.52
7.52
7.59
9.94
11.23
11.13e
9.55e
6.95e
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9.86
10.19
10.04
10.25
9.96
9.88
10.02
10.10
10.16
10.58
10.14
10.03
10.59
11.02
10.87
10.81
11.33
10.69
10.54
11.05
11.53
11.47
10.85
11.02
10.46
10.89
10.76
10.73
11.08
10.57
10.46
10.85
11.14
11.20
10.75
10.88
11.79
13.34
13.81
13.60
13.67
14.01
13.14
12.86
13.08
12.92
11.29
10.64
7.50
7.85
8.25
7.66
8.39
8.49
7.72
7.58
7.98
7.82
7.96
8.49
11.02
11.64
11.32
11.21
11.32
10.82
10.62
10.81
11.49
11.41
11.36
11.58
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
9.04
9.43e
11.58e
6.52
9.45
8.33
11.85
9.19e
9.42e
11.01e
9.06
9.63
10.08
10.37
10.03
10.01
10.33
9.88
10.12
10.33
9.86
10.46
9.96
10.26
10.86
11.08
10.61
10.93
10.94
10.79
10.10
10.27
9.74
10.42
10.67
10.84
10.75
10.99
10.53
10.83
10.87
10.65
10.10
10.28
9.76
10.43
10.58
10.76
12.29
11.93
11.16
12.82
12.75
12.84
12.06
12.49
12.59
11.86
11.83
12.04
8.96
8.18
8.65
9.65
8.09
7.81
7.20
7.71
8.37
8.16
7.53
7.87
11.51
11.23e
11.22e
11.02
11.06
11.11
10.98
10.99e
10.95e
11.18e
10.97
11.21
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
12.29
12.42
12.26
12.32
12.22
12.56
12.89
12.77
12.20
11.86
11.96
12.16
11.92
11.69
11.83
10.47
9.66
8.63e
8.48e
7.89
7.11
7.98e
8.23e
9.02
10.02
10.41
9.95
10.20
10.02
9.72
9.16
9.81
9.38
8.95
9.77
9.41
10.21
10.28
10.24
10.79
10.82
10.64
10.21
10.40
9.36
9.81
10.17
10.12
10.19
10.30
10.20
10.71
10.71
10.51
10.07
10.31
9.37
9.69
10.12
10.02
11.26
11.23
10.85
10.13
8.91
7.92
7.28
7.09
8.04
8.63
8.83
9.09
8.24
7.51
7.34
5.60
6.38
6.83
5.62
5.14
5.20
5.87
5.26
6.00
11.20e
10.97e
10.59e
9.84e
9.54e
9.14e
8.75e
8.53e
8.59e
8.82e
8.97e
9.08e
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
10.48
10.91
9.87
8.12
8.17
8.13
7.69
7.68
7.72
7.27
7.31
7.37
7.84
7.59
6.86
7.20
7.18
7.14
6.84
6.95
6.90
6.58
6.35
6.02
8.13
7.83
7.80
7.59
6.86
7.03
..
6.53
6.37
6.08
5.80
6.11
9.06
8.61
8.52
8.50
7.38
7.93
6.82
6.82
6.73
7.22
6.22
6.57
8.90
8.51
8.39
8.34
7.32
7.82
6.82
6.80
6.70
7.13
6.19
6.52
8.42
7.77
7.74
7.57
7.95
7.89
7.32
7.12
7.15
6.59
6.22
6.33
6.12
6.48
5.41
5.49
7.01
6.87
6.82
6.37
6.38
6.06
5.46
5.38
8.04e
7.66e
7.23e
7.19e
7.22e
7.25e
6.90e
6.81e
6.69e
6.65e
6.01e
5.93e
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Table 2. Selected natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline

Origin:
Austria
(euros)
1
Average
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Belgium
(euros)
1
Average
Czech
Republic
(koruny)
Average1
France
(euros)
1
Average
Germany
(euros)
1
Average
National currency/MBtu
Italy
Ireland
(euros)
(euros)
Greece
(euros)
Hungary
(forints)
Russia
Average1
Average
Algeria
Russia
8.09
5.98
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.30
3.63
4.95
6.61
7.32
7.88
6.23
5.73
197.56
167.11
166.27
196.66
257.09
236.69
185.15e
171.29
..
..
..
..
8.98
8.85
7.94e
7.17e
7.86
6.11
6.04
7.62
8.58
8.08
6.90
5.93
..
5.92
7.46
8.04
10.60
9.87
8.33
5.95
2 068.52
1 953.80
1 978.67
2 243.73
2 733.67
2 666.94
2 320.62e
2 068.46
5.61
4.42
4.79
5.54
6.80
7.39
6.45e
5.89
..
6.24
6.88
8.17
9.82
9.69
8.87
6.95
..
7.24
7.69
8.98
10.18
9.11
7.65
6.67
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.41
7.77
7.01
7.22
7.10
6.95
7.09
6.97
7.50
7.70
7.94
7.95
255.93
264.60
253.37
250.40
247.39
243.13
237.31
267.87
282.75
259.83
264.44
263.80
8.56
9.03
8.41
8.79
9.40
9.15
8.77
8.90
8.45
8.91
9.66
9.81
8.86
8.62
8.71
8.81
8.76
8.35
8.31
8.50
8.40
8.38
8.58
8.51
11.53
10.65
9.69
10.34
9.64
10.18
11.19
11.65
11.46
9.14
10.59
10.69
3 010.76
2 499.96
2 680.78
2 615.27
2 799.55
2 695.03
2 685.13
2 750.25
2 628.63
2 679.63
2 707.99
2 872.02
5.83
6.90
6.72
6.74
6.67
6.45
6.40
6.67
6.66
7.30
7.70
7.47
10.06
9.53
9.22
9.39
9.84
9.89
10.07
10.11
11.00
11.07
9.59
9.53
10.15
10.90
11.06
8.62
9.07
9.24
10.77
10.16
10.70
10.26
10.38
10.23
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.84
7.74
8.23
8.38
7.81
7.62
7.60
7.48
7.75
7.59
7.88
8.19
247.94
242.60
255.76
260.15
244.08
251.32
232.32
226.21
225.64
219.06
223.99
228.40
9.24
9.19
8.84
8.74
9.17
9.08
8.90
8.67
8.50
8.31
8.75
8.72
8.35
8.27
8.24
8.21
8.22
8.11
8.04
7.92
7.73
8.01
7.90
7.92
10.30
10.07
10.03
9.53
10.17
10.33
9.95
9.88
9.78
9.80
9.35
9.35
2 837.69
2 762.99
2 699.77
2 820.81
2 730.62
2 743.42
2 640.73
2 572.98
2 573.36
2 491.89
2 530.21
2 574.18
7.10
7.19
8.62
7.68
7.14
6.60
6.81
7.05
7.24
7.28
7.70
7.88
9.95
9.42
9.80
9.36
10.52
10.33
10.74
9.77
9.80
10.01
8.89
8.72
9.75
9.29
9.49
9.44
9.63
9.37
9.20
9.08
9.12
7.88
8.60
8.49
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.70
7.69
7.07
5.99
5.57
5.05
4.78
5.10
6.05
6.22
6.61
6.66
237.27
235.13
218.60
191.13
177.35
168.57
157.44
146.73e
144.79
164.68
183.27
193.00
9.94e
9.31e
8.47e
7.64e
7.28e
7.26e
7.64e
7.46e
7.51e
7.68e
7.57e
7.93e
8.12
7.79
7.39
7.03
6.57
6.58
6.02
5.91
6.18
6.69
6.89
7.06
8.17
8.06
7.97
7.96
8.05
8.51
8.18
8.29
9.18
8.47
8.55
8.81
2 630.93
2 633.02
2 563.83e
2 353.06
2 289.76
2 138.08
2 085.09
1 966.73
2 034.85e
2 183.98
2 330.01
2 714.94e
7.70
7.45
6.94e
6.22
5.93
5.81
5.48
5.63
6.21
6.54
6.56
6.83
8.77
9.39
9.45
9.02
8.53
8.22
8.50
8.82
8.62
8.74
9.31
8.86
8.20
8.75
8.65
8.09
8.06
6.73
6.80
6.67
6.34
6.59
7.23
7.37
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.81
6.55
6.35
6.39
5.98
5.97
6.08
5.64
5.57
5.28
4.93
4.55
195.07
189.55
174.86
183.82
175.59
172.76
165.38
166.84
166.08
162.02
156.79
157.47
7.85e
7.24e
7.53e
7.67e
7.48e
7.28e
7.22e
6.65e
6.57e
6.92e
6.82e
6.58e
6.75
6.34
6.55
6.19
6.00
6.10
5.80
6.03
5.67
5.45
5.36
5.16
7.90
8.05
8.65
6.25
6.04
6.36
5.52
5.45
5.42
5.07
5.37
5.32
2 388.46
2 376.50
2 237.13
2 327.13
2 094.80
2 165.57
2 065.67
1 980.82
2 013.69
1 914.17
1 812.47
1 824.50
6.29
6.61
6.71
6.02
5.70
5.66
5.83
5.38
5.42
5.34
5.91
5.78
8.69
7.56
7.83
8.22
6.72
6.54
6.37
6.32
6.78
6.56
5.86
5.90
7.45
6.76
6.36
6.78
6.93
6.84
6.55
6.58
6.50
7.85
6.03
5.68
Table 2. Selected natural gas import prices into Europe by pipeline (continued)
Italy
(euros)
Netherlands
(euros)
Portugal
(euros)
UK
Average1
..
6.59
6.51
7.71
9.95
9.28
7.87
6.71
..
..
..
8.13
..
..
..
..
7.47
..
6.46
8.26
9.88
9.32
9.27
7.42
9.88
10.14
9.91
9.26
9.69
9.75
10.10
10.20
10.73
10.42
9.85
9.71
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.78
9.29
9.36
9.24
9.79
9.58
9.34
9.32
9.37
8.99
8.74
8.70
Slovak
Republic
(euros)
Spain
(euros)
Sweden
(kronor)
UK
European Union
Origin:
(pounds) Member States
(euros)
Norway
Norway
Algeria
Average1
Denmark
8.28
..
7.10
7.77
8.70
7.08e
7.08e
6.25
..
5.95
5.48
6.56
7.86
7.64
7.34
6.32
6.45
5.23
5.65
6.91
8.48
8.03
7.73
6.68
6.56
5.37
5.62
6.86
8.38
7.98
7.67
6.64
80.57
65.55
66.28
82.37
86.45
78.90
64.44
62.47
5.06
3.25
3.03
4.39
5.02
5.37
4.03
3.97
7.44
5.61
5.87
7.37
8.71
8.39e
7.19e
6.26e
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9.89
9.51
9.52
9.84
9.75
10.07
11.01
10.89
10.80
9.48
9.67
9.17
7.13
8.59
8.34
8.22
8.56
8.44
9.08
8.86
8.81
8.62
9.84
8.99
7.64
7.69
7.60
7.79
7.79
7.88
8.16
8.14
7.90
8.15
7.90
7.64
8.21
8.33
8.23
8.22
8.86
8.53
8.58
8.91
8.96
8.84
8.46
8.40
8.11
8.23
8.15
8.15
8.66
8.43
8.51
8.74
8.66
8.63
8.38
8.29
80.80
88.84
92.93
91.57
96.09
99.08
91.25
85.84
86.32
85.76
75.68
70.09
4.83
4.97
5.21
4.79
5.27
5.46
4.95
4.82
4.95
4.87
4.98
5.26
8.54
8.79
8.57
8.52
8.85
8.63
8.64
8.72
8.93
8.79
8.85
8.82
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.56
9.53
9.61
9.49
9.69
9.97
9.32
9.44
9.29
8.79
8.85
8.77
6.80
7.07e
8.94e
5.01
7.28
6.32
9.06
6.9e
7.06e
8.07e
6.72
7.03
7.58
7.77
7.74
7.68
7.96
7.50
7.74
7.76
7.38
7.67
7.38
7.48
8.17
8.31
8.19
8.39
8.43
8.18
7.72
7.71
7.30
7.64
7.91
7.91
8.09
8.24
8.13
8.31
8.38
8.08
7.72
7.72
7.31
7.64
7.85
7.85
79.66
76.00
71.93
83.13
84.22
84.41
79.82
81.60
81.88
76.04
77.90
78.79
5.61
5.29
5.74
6.30
5.30
5.05
4.75
4.97
5.27
5.07
4.68
4.81
8.66
8.42e
8.67e
8.46
8.52
8.43
8.40
8.25e
8.2e
8.2e
8.13
8.18
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
8.46
8.80
8.68
8.26
7.94
7.37
7.08
7.13
7.26
7.20
7.95
7.80
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.02
9.08
8.86
8.92
8.90
9.24
9.52
9.59
9.46
9.36
9.59
9.88
8.75
8.56
8.55
7.58
7.04
6.35e
6.27e
5.92
5.51
6.30e
6.59e
7.33
7.36
7.62
7.20
7.38
7.29
7.15
6.77
7.36
7.27
7.06
7.83
7.64
7.50
7.52
7.40
7.81
7.88
7.83
7.55
7.81
7.26
7.74
8.15
8.22
7.48
7.54
7.38
7.75
7.80
7.73
7.44
7.74
7.26
7.64
8.11
8.14
73.00
72.94
69.62
66.26
58.54
52.91
49.61
48.92
57.29
62.46
65.48
69.42
5.00
4.53
4.41
3.35
3.79
4.04
3.29
3.08
3.19
3.65
3.33
3.84
8.22e
8.03e
7.66e
7.12e
6.95e
6.72e
6.46e
6.41e
6.66e
6.96e
7.19e
7.37e
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
7.90
7.12
6.87
7.20
6.94
6.78
6.64
6.44
6.41
7.07
5.83
5.69
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.01
9.61
9.12
7.51
7.32
7.25
6.99
6.90
6.88
6.47
6.82
6.77
6.74
6.68
6.34
6.66
6.44
6.36
6.21
6.24
6.15
5.86
5.93
5.53
6.99
6.89
7.21
7.02
6.15
6.27
..
5.86
5.68
5.42
5.41
5.61
7.79
7.58
7.88
7.86
6.61
7.07
6.20
6.13
6.00
6.43
5.80
6.04
7.66
7.49
7.75
7.71
6.56
6.97
6.20
6.11
5.97
6.35
5.77
5.99
68.06
64.86
66.02
65.51
66.27
65.22
62.41
60.87
59.85
54.85
53.97
53.82
4.04
4.23
3.62
3.67
4.54
4.41
4.38
4.09
4.16
3.95
3.59
3.59
6.92e
6.75e
6.68e
6.65e
6.47e
6.46e
6.27e
6.12e
5.96e
5.92e
5.61e
5.45e
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Average
Average1
Average1
Table 3. LNG import prices into Europe

US dollars/MBtu
Origin:
Italy
Spain
Portugal
1
Average
Nigeria
Norway
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Oman
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
x
7.86
8.88
11.73
12.98
12.17
9.66e
6.85
6.15
7.34
7.12
8.81
8.51
9.02
11.84
x
13.33
7.27
7.26
8.83
10.21
10.73
10.54
6.97
9.44
7.18
7.88
9.89
11.31
10.9e
10.58e
7.09
9.48
6.94
6.40
8.09
8.97
10.26
x
x
9.31
7.14
7.39
8.06
x
x
x
x
8.85
6.69
7.28
9.14
9.69
9.40
9.43e
6.21
9.78
6.06
8.84
9.06
x
8.68
8.23
7.40
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
13.00
13.33
12.40
13.55
12.78
13.21
12.50
12.37
13.25
12.26
12.88
13.62
9.03
7.35
7.10
7.10
7.05
x
10.17
9.35
9.28
8.22
8.73
8.02
11.99
10.94
11.40
11.72
10.10
10.34
9.64
x
x
x
6.60
x
10.81
11.07
11.21
10.16
13.01
12.03
11.19
11.30
11.98
11.38
9.75
12.01
9.78
9.35
6.91
9.19
9.06
x
x
x
11.28
10.00
6.63
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
9.53
8.28
10.17
10.46
9.14
10.21
10.46
9.83
10.73
10.09
8.97
8.79
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
12.80
12.78
12.45
13.10
12.85
13.13
11.87
9.84
9.79
10.05
x
9.88
x
8.46
7.85
9.05
7.91
8.53
10.73
7.82
10.07
x
x
x
8.77
8.74
10.91
10.27
13.46
11.24
12.65
10.98
11.31
11.31
x
10.23
11.18
11.51
10.37
11.42
10.65
11.20
10.59
10.55
10.54
10.81
10.89e
10.97
x
8.75
x
x
x
x
x
x
11.07
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
10.51
8.74
10.00
9.28
7.90
10.04
9.05
9.83
10.07
9.36
8.09
9.35
x
x
8.57
8.78
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
9.66
9.88
9.94
9.84
9.84
9.83
9.88
13.21
12.94
9.47
9.32
9.01e
x
x
x
x
x
11.84
x
x
x
x
x
x
15.85
10.13
10.80
11.24
x
x
10.71
9.12
9.74
10.46
9.57
10.49
11.25
12.43
11.25
11.14
10.69
10.35
8.62e
10.16
11.15
9.87
9.90
9.59
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
9.81
8.69
10.21
10.39
9.60
11.28e
10.29
9.82
9.65
8.79
8.80
7.75
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.23
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
8.44
7.99
7.61
7.26
6.91
6.33
5.81
5.85
5.46
5.28
4.99
5.64
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.11
7.59
6.76
6.74
x
6.45
x
6.26
6.37
x
x
8.57
8.38
8.08
7.37
7.39
6.91
6.23
7.07
6.73
6.07
6.18
6.22
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.09
8.11
7.62
6.56
7.22
6.33
6.45
5.91
5.47
5.47
5.39
6.14
7.73
7.10
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
then converted to national currency per MBtu. Please note that this has led to small revisions in the time series
Table 3. LNG import prices into Europe (continued)

US dollars/MBtu
Spain
European Union
Origin:
Member States
United Kingdom
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
Average1
Norway
Algeria
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
Average1
Average
9.47
6.53
7.22
9.36
10.47
10.45
9.89
6.95
8.52
6.03
6.42
7.91
9.30
8.92
8.89
6.59
9.22
6.70
7.14
9.08
10.14
10.23e
9.87e
6.64
x
5.42
6.92
8.22
6.47
10.25
8.90
8.36
9.82
4.83
5.11
8.63
8.44
10.25
8.76
6.71
11.68
3.99
5.50
8.63
8.40
9.39
7.26
5.92
9.02
5.27
5.43
8.10
x
6.45
6.55
7.78
9.21
4.43
5.55
8.57
8.36
9.43
7.36
6.03
9.18
6.24
6.86
9.45
10.26
10.6e
8.84e
6.55
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
9.90
10.26
10.12
10.25
10.09
9.83
9.67
10.41
9.97
11.78
12.68
11.29
9.91
9.71
10.30
10.65
10.09
7.73
4.11
9.52
9.57
10.25
6.57
7.01
10.18
9.78
10.24
10.34
10.20
9.82
10.10
9.99
10.47
10.54
9.48
10.45
6.22
x
6.72
x
6.50
6.59
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.83
8.25
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.20
7.72
8.10
9.07
8.70
7.34
7.22
7.99
8.39
9.13
9.40
9.78
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.12
7.72
8.04
9.07
8.62
7.38
7.19
7.99
8.39
9.13
9.40
9.78
9.91
10.48
10.29
10.59
10.13
9.99
10.06
9.53
10.35
10.53
10.54
11.07
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
12.51
11.78
9.91
11.77
11.15
10.06
9.57
9.82
9.99
9.69
10.10
10.51
8.89
7.18
7.45
10.83
9.93
10.21
12.64
11.29
8.05
6.48
7.09
10.13
10.43
10.14
9.57
10.72
10.32
10.65
10.48
10.41
10.06
9.74
9.66e
10.43
7.36
x
9.14
9.31
12.37
10.14
9.54
9.77
10.87
8.40
10.44
10.53
x
x
9.43
11.59
x
9.59
x
9.69
x
10.06
x
x
9.90
8.06
9.33
9.50
9.60
9.62
8.88
8.38
7.69
9.51
10.14
10.52
x
x
14.71
x
x
3.45
x
x
x
1.33
x
x
9.86
8.06
10.40
9.59
9.93
9.29
9.01
8.65
8.70
8.81
10.16
10.52
10.98
10.80
10.63
10.80
10.71
10.50
10.55
10.32
10.30
10.00
10.46e
11.03
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
10.16
9.68
10.37
10.69
9.52
9.20
9.71
9.49
9.40
10.04
9.47
10.32
10.38
9.56
10.21
6.47
9.82
9.20
7.03
9.31
9.33
7.13
10.36
8.61
10.51
10.71
10.78
10.49
9.72
9.52e
9.05e
9.34
10.12
9.46
9.27
8.97
10.88
11.65
11.07
x
8.91
11.41
8.31
8.29
7.58
7.71
9.18
7.41
x
11.28
x
9.44
x
x
6.92
x
7.27
x
8.40
x
9.65
8.74
7.80
8.43
8.15
7.46
5.97
6.12
5.03
5.15
7.42
7.41
x
x
8.38
x
x
x
x
x
4.90
2.70
x
7.49
9.76
9.24
8.44
8.47
8.19
7.63
6.22
6.19
5.42
5.00
7.56
7.43
10.42
8.28
10.28
9.98
7.66
9.19e
7.36e
8.26
8.80
8.83
8.86
8.94e
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
10.04
8.57
7.22
6.65
6.73
6.93
6.32
6.32
6.08
5.88
5.84
6.23
8.13
8.07
7.59
x
x
5.83
6.36
6.32
6.35
6.08
x
5.20
8.25
7.76
7.27
6.85
6.63
6.56
6.15
6.27
6.13
5.78
5.81
5.97
7.56
7.78
x
9.84
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.10
x
x
7.39
6.46
x
x
x
6.08
6.62
7.54
6.06
6.28
6.24
6.67
6.09
5.36
5.91
5.25
5.51
5.27
4.94
8.03
x
7.39
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.92
7.59
6.57
6.37
6.53
6.67
6.18
5.48
5.90
5.25
5.51
5.31
5.40
8.00
7.17
7.00
7.28
6.43
6.55
6.81
6.08
5.91
5.58
5.99
5.68
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Table 4. LNG import prices into Europe

Spain
(euros)
Italy
(euros)
Portugal
(euros)
Average1
Nigeria
Norway
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Nigeria
Oman
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
x
5.56
6.68
8.43
10.06
9.23
7.25e
6.14
4.22
5.24
5.41
6.32
6.64
6.85
8.71
x
10.11
5.39
5.57
6.36
7.95
8.07
7.95
6.28
6.44
5.17
5.94
7.16
8.77
8.23e
7.94e
6.38
6.46
5.05
4.82
5.80
6.90
7.69
x
x
6.37
5.17
5.48
5.95
x
x
x
x
6.09
4.83
5.51
6.56
7.56
7.06
7.11e
5.59
7.48
4.38
6.69
6.78
x
6.68
6.68
6.44
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
10.07
10.07
9.39
10.30
9.99
10.54
10.18
9.98
10.29
9.45
10.04
10.37
7.00
5.55
5.38
5.39
5.51
x
8.28
7.53
7.21
6.33
6.80
6.11
9.29
8.27
8.63
8.90
7.90
8.25
7.85
x
x
x
5.15
x
8.38
8.36
8.48
7.72
10.17
9.59
9.11
9.11
9.31
8.77
7.60
9.15
7.58
7.06
5.23
6.98
7.08
x
x
x
8.76
7.71
5.17
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.39
6.26
7.70
7.95
7.14
8.14
8.52
7.92
8.34
7.77
6.99
6.69
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
9.62
9.58
9.61
10.06
9.91
9.96
9.08
7.39
7.33
7.37
x
7.21
x
6.34
6.06
6.95
6.10
6.47
8.21
5.87
7.54
x
x
x
6.59
6.55
8.42
7.89
10.37
8.52
9.67
8.25
8.47
8.29
x
7.47
8.41
8.63
8.00
8.77
8.21
8.50
8.10
7.92
7.89
7.92
8.08e
8.00
x
6.56
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.29
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.90
6.55
7.72
7.12
6.09
7.61
6.92
7.38
7.54
6.86
6.00
6.82
x
x
6.62
6.74
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
7.09
7.23
7.19
7.13
7.16
7.23
7.30
9.92
10.03
7.47
7.47
7.31e
x
x
x
x
x
8.71
x
x
x
x
x
x
11.64
7.41
7.81
8.14
x
x
7.91
6.85
7.55
8.25
7.67
8.52
8.26
9.09
8.14
8.06
7.78
7.61
6.37e
7.63
8.64
7.79
7.94
7.79
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.20
6.36
7.38
7.53
6.99
8.3e
7.60
7.37
7.48
6.94
7.06
6.29
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6.68
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
7.25
7.03
7.04
6.71
6.19
5.64
5.28
5.25
4.86
4.70
4.65
5.18
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.14
7.02
6.25
6.04
x
5.86
x
5.58
5.67
x
x
7.37
7.38
7.47
6.81
6.62
6.16
5.67
6.35
6.00
5.40
5.77
5.71
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
6.09
7.14
7.04
6.07
6.47
5.65
5.86
5.31
4.88
4.87
5.03
5.64
6.65
6.25
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Origin:
Table 4. LNG import prices into Europe (continued)

Spain
(euros)
United Kingdom
(pounds)
European Union
Origin:
Member States
(euros)
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
Average1
Norway
Algeria
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
Average1
6.52
4.69
5.45
6.73
8.13
7.86
7.45
6.26
5.89
4.37
4.81
5.67
7.20
6.74
6.68
5.90
6.35
4.85
5.39
6.53
7.88
7.71e
7.42e
5.97
x
3.47
4.45
5.15
4.13
6.60
5.42
5.51
5.29
3.12
3.36
5.35
5.39
6.64
5.31
4.39
7.86
2.49
3.53
5.37
5.31
6.02
4.39
3.87
5.44
3.43
3.55
5.05
x
4.24
4.12
5.18
5.47
2.82
3.58
5.34
5.28
6.05
4.46
3.94
6.32
4.49
5.18
6.79
7.97
8.00e
6.65e
5.90
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
7.67
7.75
7.66
7.79
7.89
7.84
7.87
8.39
7.75
9.08
9.88
8.60
7.68
7.33
7.79
8.09
7.89
6.16
3.35
7.68
7.44
7.90
5.12
5.34
7.89
7.39
7.76
7.86
7.97
7.83
8.22
8.05
8.14
8.12
7.39
7.96
4.01
x
4.25
x
4.09
4.24
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
5.55
5.30
x
x
x
x
x
x
5.29
4.89
5.12
5.67
5.47
4.72
4.63
5.09
5.21
5.68
5.89
6.06
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
5.24
4.89
5.08
5.67
5.42
4.74
4.61
5.09
5.21
5.68
5.89
6.06
7.68
7.92
7.79
8.05
7.92
7.97
8.19
7.69
8.05
8.11
8.21
8.43
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
9.41
8.83
7.65
9.03
8.59
7.63
7.32
7.38
7.48
7.10
7.48
7.67
6.68
5.38
5.75
8.32
7.65
7.74
9.66
8.48
6.03
4.75
5.25
7.39
7.84
7.60
7.39
8.23
7.95
8.08
8.01
7.82
7.54
7.14
7.16e
7.61
4.61
x
6.06
6.08
8.10
6.55
6.29
6.30
6.85
5.22
6.49
6.43
x
x
6.25
7.57
x
6.20
x
6.25
x
6.25
x
x
6.20
5.21
6.19
6.20
6.28
6.21
5.85
5.40
4.85
5.91
6.29
6.42
x
x
9.76
x
x
2.23
x
x
x
0.82
x
x
6.18
5.21
6.90
6.26
6.50
6.00
5.94
5.58
5.48
5.47
6.31
6.42
8.26
8.09
8.20
8.29
8.26
7.97
8.07
7.75
7.71
7.33
7.76e
8.05
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
7.46
7.08
7.50
7.74
6.93
6.77
7.17
7.13
7.29
7.92
7.59
8.38
7.62
6.99
7.39
4.69
7.15
6.77
5.19
6.99
7.23
5.63
8.30
6.99
7.72
7.83
7.80
7.59
7.08
7.00e
6.69e
7.01
7.85
7.46
7.43
7.29
6.60
7.03
6.66
x
5.29
6.75
4.87
4.96
4.65
4.80
5.81
4.74
x
6.81
x
5.64
x
x
4.05
x
4.46
x
5.32
x
5.86
5.27
4.69
5.03
4.84
4.41
3.50
3.66
3.09
3.20
4.70
4.74
x
x
5.04
x
x
x
x
x
3.01
1.68
x
4.79
5.92
5.58
5.08
5.06
4.86
4.52
3.65
3.70
3.33
3.11
4.79
4.75
7.65
6.06
7.43
7.23
5.58
6.76e
5.44e
6.20
6.83
6.97
7.10
7.26e
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
8.63
7.54
6.68
6.15
6.03
6.18
5.74
5.68
5.42
5.23
5.45
5.72
6.99
7.11
7.01
x
x
5.20
5.78
5.68
5.66
5.41
x
4.78
7.09
6.83
6.72
6.34
5.94
5.84
5.59
5.64
5.46
5.14
5.42
5.48
4.99
5.08
x
6.58
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4.75
x
x
4.75
4.15
x
x
x
4.00
4.42
4.97
3.96
4.20
4.17
4.32
3.91
3.45
3.79
3.43
3.59
3.47
3.30
5.29
x
4.94
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
5.29
5.00
4.28
4.26
4.36
4.32
3.97
3.52
3.79
3.42
3.59
3.50
3.60
6.88
6.31
6.47
6.73
5.76
5.84
6.19
5.46
5.27
4.97
5.59
5.22
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Average1
Table 5. LNG import prices into Japan and Korea

US dollars/MBtu
Japan
Australia
Algeria
Brunei
Darussalam
Egypt
Indonesia
Malaysia
Nigeria
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
11.69
8.98
11.82
15.00
16.03
15.09
15.90
10.23
17.73
x
7.41
x
17.50
15.79
17.28
9.45
13.16
10.47
12.21
15.49
17.84
16.83
17.01
10.56
16.36
17.77
13.52
15.98
17.80
16.99
17.83
x
11.65
7.59
9.49
15.17
18.36
17.52
17.30
10.98
12.97
9.65
11.94
15.68
18.00
17.32
17.24
10.86
17.27
11.73
8.79
13.58
16.33
16.33
16.73
10.85
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
16.68
16.23
16.71
17.20
17.03
16.04
18.04
16.67
15.75
14.05
14.26
14.70
18.56
x
x
x
16.70
17.31
x
x
x
x
x
x
17.58
17.53
17.74
18.01
18.17
18.32
18.84
19.21
18.75
17.55
16.47
16.24
14.49
17.03
16.94
18.29
17.22
19.10
20.24
19.21
x
17.93
13.12
x
17.70
16.94
18.69
19.88
18.58
19.65
19.37
18.64
19.02
17.51
17.06
17.77
17.93
17.34
17.69
18.18
18.41
18.83
19.96
19.48
18.75
16.62
16.35
17.02
17.54
15.84
16.15
16.38
17.99
17.97
18.19
15.51
17.22
13.87
14.17
15.70
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
15.10
16.14
14.68
15.36
15.91
15.70
16.40
15.19
13.76
14.61
14.08
14.58
x
16.91
x
x
16.01
x
15.57
15.61
15.31
x
15.53
x
17.10
17.30
17.61
17.38
17.37
15.86
16.66
16.38
16.28
16.34
16.13
16.91
16.11
16.24
17.16
x
17.98
x
18.03
x
x
18.59
16.37
x
18.07
17.97
18.57
17.99
17.18
17.92
17.22
17.23
17.26
16.72
16.96
17.36
17.47
17.72
17.81
17.36
17.57
18.41
17.22
17.17
16.64
16.60
16.63
17.13
15.84
16.32
17.17
16.77
16.47
17.36
16.55
15.58
16.06
16.17
16.04
16.49
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
15.17
16.22
16.01
16.18
15.60
15.72
16.41
15.86
15.70
16.23
15.68
15.87
19.09
19.19
18.62
x
18.79
16.35
15.90
15.79
x
15.34
14.66
x
17.62
17.50
17.80
17.87
17.34
16.76
17.00
16.67
16.53
17.20
15.70
16.12
x
x
x
x
x
17.83
x
x
x
x
x
x
17.95
18.23
18.06
17.90
18.00
17.75
17.68
16.46
15.93
15.44
16.68
16.73
17.93
17.92
17.76
17.90
17.35
17.34
17.28
16.61
16.09
17.31
16.61
16.69
17.43
17.83
18.37
17.71
17.38
16.69
17.32
16.00
13.82
16.11
14.94
16.05
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
14.83
13.96
11.96
9.98
9.04
8.43
8.63
9.05
9.53
9.53
9.14
8.52
x
11.73
10.50
9.70
9.33
9.06
8.75
8.97
9.76
8.70
8.44
x
13.56
10.73
10.32
10.92
9.12
9.82
10.00
10.03
10.45
10.29
10.11
9.85
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
15.70
14.92
13.23
11.16
9.18
8.91
9.44
10.29
10.15
10.52
9.54
x
16.03
14.71
13.65
10.84
8.39
8.75
8.83
9.35
9.95
9.80
9.11
8.39
15.34
11.47
13.35
11.15
10.14
8.86
10.58
8.45
10.00
6.99
6.76
7.45
Origin:
Source: Japanese Trade Statistics and Korean Energy Review Monthly.
Table 5. LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (continued)

US dollars/MBtu
Japan
Korea
Oman
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
United Arab
Emirates
United States
Average
Average
12.31
6.99
7.12
9.71
11.99
10.30
11.75
8.41
13.58
11.11
12.52
15.92
17.53
16.93
16.95
10.76
16.40
10.14
10.12
10.49
12.88
16.05
17.64
11.59
11.48
9.08
11.71
13.78
17.53
17.05
16.84
10.11
7.79
8.57
12.36
13.21
16.16
x
15.94
7.63
12.64
9.23
11.02
14.73
16.74
16.02
16.34
10.48
14.15
10.50
10.17
12.67
14.74
14.98
16.50
10.97
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
14.53
12.84
11.30
9.84
11.83
12.42
13.21
14.44
11.01
11.94
10.61
10.12
17.43
16.92
16.95
17.92
17.44
18.78
19.07
18.88
17.85
16.62
16.06
16.40
x
x
x
14.81
18.26
7.04
7.49
16.71
x
x
x
x
16.96
16.77
16.95
17.38
18.23
18.32
19.70
19.38
18.18
15.86
15.87
16.91
x
17.15
x
15.51
16.72
x
17.94
15.43
x
x
13.10
x
16.89
16.30
16.60
17.07
17.35
17.40
18.30
17.94
16.96
15.39
15.10
15.61
13.46
14.50
13.76
15.42
16.12
16.86
15.99
15.82
14.95
13.17
13.11
14.92
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
12.38
9.35
10.73
12.21
13.27
14.02
9.73
10.64
9.80
11.35
11.51
1.16
17.17
17.07
17.40
17.35
17.35
17.71
17.16
16.60
16.17
16.42
16.31
16.50
16.85
x
x
x
x
15.32
x
x
15.64
15.49
x
16.79
17.33
17.32
17.42
17.17
17.18
18.43
17.16
16.84
16.16
16.37
16.22
16.80
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
16.15
16.70
16.41
16.36
16.12
16.79
16.36
15.78
15.17
15.39
15.61
15.46
15.07
15.21
15.42
14.53
14.81
15.15
15.12
14.95
15.14
14.67
14.77
14.84
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
16.06
12.16
12.44
13.76
12.32
10.40
11.65
11.57
8.48
9.78
12.29
8.15
17.61
17.58
17.77
17.37
17.32
16.75
16.65
16.67
16.63
16.69
16.08
16.24
x
x
16.98
18.27
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
17.71
17.55
17.40
17.23
17.00
16.75
16.68
16.56
16.31
17.02
15.99
16.03
x
x
x
x
16.04
x
16.25
16.18
15.84
15.42
x
x
16.85
17.01
16.78
17.01
16.63
16.36
16.33
15.97
15.39
16.11
15.85
15.77
15.80
16.79
16.79
16.71
16.65
16.93
16.58
16.55
16.70
16.44
16.15
16.30
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
11.12
10.14
8.65
9.05
10.76
7.05
7.06
7.18
8.18
7.48
8.36
7.52
15.47
13.85
12.37
9.80
8.88
8.45
8.98
9.67
10.02
9.77
9.33
8.58
11.59
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
15.41
13.91
12.31
10.74
7.95
8.37
8.81
9.12
9.40
9.47
8.90
8.05
x
x
x
x
x
x
8.21
8.11
x
6.57
x
x
15.11
13.37
12.23
10.33
8.85
8.70
9.00
9.30
9.77
9.58
9.02
8.61
14.46
13.65
13.26
11.79
9.63
9.22
8.99
9.38
9.73
9.84
9.65
8.83
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Origin:
Table 6. LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States
US dollars/MBtu
United States
LNG
Origin:
Australia
Algeria
Canada
Egypt
Nigeria
Norway
Qatar
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
12.47
9.80
8.52
8.84
3.86
4.72
5.74
2.47
x
x
x
9.37
3.49
4.30
9.13
x
15.43
x
x
9.30
4.37
4.98
5.85
2.78
14.56
4.38
8.39
15.54
4.29
6.20
5.71
2.79
3.39
x
x
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2.47
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2.28
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
3.33
3.58
x
2.88
2.13
1.96
x
2.76
3.03
2.62
3.04
3.54
x
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
13.11
13.27
10.31
13.36
13.04
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
15.43
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
14.56
14.56
x
x
x
x
3.27
3.50
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
9.36
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
10.48
x
8.92
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
4.22
x
4.53
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
9.32
9.31
8.77
8.85
8.26
8.59
8.20
8.24
8.05
7.96
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
14.82
2.09
2.26
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Note: United States import prices have been converted by IEA into US dollars/MBtu, using an average conversion factor of 1 020 Btu per cubic foot.
Source: DOE/EIA - Natural Gas Monthly.
Table 6: LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States (continued)
US dollars/MBtu
United States
LNG
Pipeline
Trinidad and Tobago
Yemen
Average
Canada
Mexico
Average
Origin:
10.03
5.02
4.55
5.13
4.63
5.94
9.52
6.84
x
x
x
x
4.72
7.08
5.76
8.91
9.84
4.52
4.79
5.47
4.18
6.67
8.48
7.22
8.41
4.06
4.38
4.01
2.72
3.66
5.11
2.78
7.47
3.83
4.54
3.42
1.83
2.62
3.38
1.68
8.40
4.06
4.38
4.01
2.72
3.66
5.11
2.78
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
4.55
5.53
2.93
4.96
5.52
3.04
5.60
4.12
3.27
3.22
9.41
3.54
3.61
2.97
2.75
2.79
x
x
x
x
x
x
4.02
8.21
4.17
4.22
2.90
2.90
4.29
3.04
5.04
3.95
3.10
3.12
7.07
5.11
3.16
2.70
2.26
1.97
2.11
2.28
2.59
2.66
2.56
3.06
3.70
3.70
2.13
1.76
1.53
1.25
1.13
1.49
1.82
2.05
1.73
2.05
2.75
2.71
3.16
2.70
2.26
1.97
2.11
2.28
2.59
2.66
2.56
3.06
3.70
3.70
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
8.52
4.90
6.07
4.80
4.42
8.48
4.40
3.82
7.12
3.38
4.18
x
4.50
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
7.55
7.66
x
8.58
7.71
4.38
4.93
4.80
4.42
8.48
4.50
7.27
9.77
5.68
4.54
8.58
3.87
3.89
3.73
3.88
3.85
3.66
3.30
2.95
2.95
3.27
3.69
4.62
2.37
2.29
2.48
2.48
3.15
3.15
2.72
2.47
2.56
2.61
2.56
2.79
3.87
3.89
3.73
3.88
3.85
3.66
3.30
2.95
2.95
3.27
3.69
4.62
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
7.44
10.79
8.30
17.00
x
9.35
11.57
6.43
11.48
4.65
x
8.96
5.78
x
x
x
5.87
x
x
x
5.64
x
x
x
6.99
10.78
8.30
17.00
5.87
9.35
11.57
6.43
8.56
4.54
..
7.30
6.80
8.74
7.86
4.57
4.41
4.43
4.08
3.73
3.77
3.62
3.89
4.02
3.34
4.46
3.72
3.51
3.70
3.54
3.34
2.78
2.94
2.96
2.69
3.24
6.80
8.73
7.86
4.57
4.41
4.43
4.08
3.72
3.77
3.62
3.89
4.02
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
10.69
8.88
8.10
8.13
5.86
6.12
4.42
3.36
5.90
6.13
5.52
5.96
10.67
9.23
7.27
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
10.68
8.95
7.94
8.14
5.92
6.16
4.44
3.38
5.92
12.14
4.12
3.94
3.93
4.73
3.10
2.34
2.39
2.38
2.39
2.46
2.44
2.32
2.15
2.09
2.20
1.89
1.89
1.61
1.55
1.84
1.79
1.80
1.62
1.52
1.06
1.20
3.93
4.72
3.10
2.34
2.39
2.38
2.39
2.46
2.44
2.32
2.15
2.09
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Note: United States import prices have been converted by IEA into US dollars/MBtu, using an average conversion factor of 1 020 Btu per cubic foot.
Source: DOE/EIA - Natural Gas Monthly.
Table 7. LNG import prices into Japan and Korea

Japan
(yens)
Australia
Algeria
Brunei
Darussalam
Egypt
Indonesia
Malaysia
Nigeria
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 196
836
1 034
1 193
1 280
1 473
1 682
1 235
1 848
x
668
x
1 375
1 557
1 792
1 145
1 355
981
1 070
1 232
1 422
1 637
1 797
1 275
1 701
1 707
1 172
1 267
1 419
1 622
1 819
x
1 212
708
832
1 213
1 464
1 711
1 836
1 326
1 329
898
1 046
1 249
1 435
1 687
1 823
1 310
1 787
1 092
743
1 068
1 304
1 586
1 764
1 306
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
1 283
1 275
1 377
1 398
1 356
1 272
1 425
1 312
1 231
1 109
1 156
1 232
1 428
x
x
x
1 331
1 372
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 352
1 377
1 463
1 464
1 448
1 453
1 488
1 512
1 466
1 386
1 334
1 361
1 115
1 338
1 397
1 487
1 372
1 515
1 598
1 512
x
1 416
1 063
x
1 362
1 331
1 541
1 616
1 480
1 558
1 529
1 467
1 487
1 383
1 382
1 489
1 379
1 362
1 458
1 477
1 467
1 493
1 577
1 533
1 465
1 312
1 325
1 426
1 349
1 245
1 331
1 331
1 433
1 425
1 437
1 220
1 346
1 096
1 148
1 316
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
1 344
1 502
1 392
1 501
1 607
1 531
1 634
1 486
1 367
1 428
1 407
1 510
x
1 574
x
x
1 618
x
1 552
1 527
1 520
x
1 552
x
1 522
1 610
1 669
1 699
1 755
1 547
1 659
1 602
1 616
1 597
1 612
1 751
1 434
1 512
1 626
x
1 816
x
1 796
x
x
1 817
1 636
x
1 609
1 673
1 760
1 758
1 736
1 748
1 716
1 686
1 714
1 635
1 695
1 798
1 555
1 650
1 689
1 696
1 775
1 795
1 715
1 679
1 652
1 622
1 662
1 774
1 410
1 519
1 627
1 639
1 664
1 693
1 649
1 524
1 595
1 580
1 603
1 707
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
1 580
1 655
1 637
1 659
1 589
1 604
1 669
1 633
1 683
1 754
1 820
1 894
1 989
1 958
1 905
x
1 913
1 668
1 617
1 625
x
1 657
1 702
x
1 835
1 786
1 821
1 832
1 766
1 710
1 729
1 716
1 772
1 858
1 822
1 923
x
x
x
x
x
1 819
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 870
1 859
1 847
1 835
1 833
1 811
1 798
1 694
1 708
1 668
1 936
1 997
1 868
1 828
1 817
1 835
1 767
1 769
1 757
1 710
1 725
1 869
1 928
1 992
1 815
1 819
1 879
1 816
1 769
1 703
1 762
1 647
1 482
1 740
1 734
1 915
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
1 756
1 655
1 440
1 193
1 090
1 043
1 065
1 115
1 143
1 143
1 120
1 036
x
1 392
1 264
1 159
1 126
1 121
1 080
1 104
1 171
1 044
1 034
x
1 606
1 272
1 242
1 305
1 100
1 215
1 234
1 235
1 254
1 234
1 239
1 198
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 859
1 769
1 593
1 334
1 107
1 102
1 165
1 268
1 219
1 263
1 168
1 250
1 898
1 744
1 643
1 296
1 012
1 083
1 089
1 152
1 194
1 176
1 116
1 020
1 817
1 360
1 607
1 333
1 224
1 095
1 305
1 040
1 201
838
828
907
Origin:
Table 7. LNG import prices into Japan and Korea (continued)

Japan
(yens)
Korea
(wons)
Oman
Qatar
Trinidad and
Tobago
United Arab
Emirates
United States
Average
Average
1 273
654
630
769
954
998
1 230
1 016
1 397
1 033
1 099
1 260
1 399
1 650
1 796
1 297
1 687
907
889
832
1 026
1 565
1 806
1 372
1 181
846
1 029
1 098
1 398
1 658
1 783
1 221
805
794
1 083
1 056
1 284
x
1 666
933
1 302
860
966
1 172
1 336
1 561
1 729
1 264
15 754
13 670
11 707
14 119
16 565
16 372
17 465
12 341
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
1 117
1 009
932
799
943
985
1 043
1 136
861
943
860
848
1 341
1 329
1 398
1 457
1 389
1 489
1 506
1 485
1 395
1 313
1 302
1 375
x
x
x
1 204
1 454
559
592
1 315
x
x
x
x
1 305
1 317
1 397
1 413
1 453
1 453
1 556
1 525
1 421
1 253
1 286
1 417
x
1 347
x
1 260
1 332
x
1 417
1 214
x
x
1 061
x
1 300
1 280
1 369
1 387
1 382
1 380
1 445
1 411
1 325
1 216
1 224
1 308
15 369
16 274
15 492
17 498
18 657
19 623
18 258
17 903
16 790
14 557
14 252
16 043
Jan-12
Feb-12
Mar-12
Apr-12
May-12
Jun-12
Jul-12
Aug-12
Sep-12
Oct-12
Nov-12
Dec-12
1 102
870
1 017
1 193
1 340
1 367
970
1 041
973
1 109
1 150
120
1 529
1 589
1 650
1 696
1 753
1 727
1 710
1 624
1 605
1 605
1 630
1 709
1 500
x
x
x
x
1 494
x
x
1 553
1 514
x
1 738
1 543
1 612
1 651
1 678
1 736
1 797
1 710
1 648
1 605
1 600
1 621
1 740
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 438
1 555
1 556
1 599
1 629
1 637
1 630
1 543
1 507
1 504
1 560
1 601
16 074
16 537
17 009
16 292
16 478
17 201
17 032
16 689
16 429
15 646
15 701
15 680
Jan-13
Feb-13
Mar-13
Apr-13
May-13
Jun-13
Jul-13
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
Nov-13
Dec-13
1 673
1 240
1 273
1 411
1 254
1 062
1 185
1 191
909
1 057
1 426
972
1 834
1 793
1 818
1 781
1 764
1 709
1 693
1 716
1 783
1 803
1 866
1 937
x
x
1 737
1 873
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 845
1 791
1 780
1 766
1 731
1 709
1 697
1 705
1 749
1 839
1 856
1 912
x
x
x
x
1 634
x
1 653
1 666
1 699
1 666
x
x
1 756
1 735
1 716
1 744
1 693
1 669
1 660
1 644
1 650
1 740
1 840
1 882
16 831
17 982
17 978
17 424
17 068
17 255
16 921
16 953
17 271
17 445
17 721
17 992
Jan-14
Feb-14
Mar-14
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
1 317
1 202
1 041
1 082
1 298
872
871
884
981
898
1 025
916
1 832
1 643
1 489
1 172
1 072
1 045
1 108
1 191
1 203
1 172
1 143
1 044
1 372
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 825
1 649
1 482
1 283
960
1 035
1 087
1 124
1 128
1 137
1 091
980
x
x
x
x
x
x
1 013
998
x
789
x
x
1 789
1 585
1 472
1 235
1 068
1 077
1 110
1 145
1 173
1 149
1 105
1 047
15 754
14 996
14 759
12 821
10 511
10 259
10 292
11 059
11 536
11 285
11 124
10 356
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
Oct-15
Nov-15
Dec-15
Origin:
Table 8: Natural gas prices for industry1

Country
National Currency
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
25
..
292
22
..
..
3 648
33 655
17
..
c
480
c
..
14
18
23
16
5 012
20
21
..
..
x
56
20
22
..
15
..
38
28
10
30
..
334
28
..
c
3 801
34 553
25
..
c
602
c
..
16
23
28
22
5 930
26
24
..
..
x
62
24
25
..
18
..
43
35
14
27
..
322
26
..
c
4 356
40 536
29
..
c
781
c
..
20
28
36
..
8 162
32
31
..
..
x
79
27
32
..
24
..
53
43
18
20
..
326
25
..
c
4 597
44 020
31
..
..
683
c
..
20
26
36
28
9 222
c
31
..
29
x
89
27
30
..
24
348
59
49
14
32
..
415
32
..
c
..
47 284
30
..
34
902
c
26
26
36
39
38
11 166
36
38
22
31
x
110
32
38
39
29
435
69
64
21
17
..
..
18
..
c
4 549
52 564
33
..
32
865
347
24
25
27
34
27
10 623
30
35
29
31
x
116
30
32
35
27
375
66
62
19
14
..
..
18
..
c
4 789
60 630
29
..
24
870
..
28
27
31
34
34
7 635
28
31
32
26
x
118
30
35
39
25
403
59
52
18
15
..
..
17
..
c
5 611
66 555
27
..
27
897
..
29
38
37
36
40
8 752
32
..
36
28
x
126
36
36
42
27
439
64
56
22
12
..
..
13
..
c
6 146
72 949
28
37
29
954
..
35
42
40
35
52
10 758
35
..
39
30
x
143
41
41
50
34
429
67
74
24
14
..
..
15
..
c
7 032
73 602
29
37
30
926
..
36
42
39
38
46
10 200
39
..
40
31
x
134
42
37
44
34
416
67
83
27
Country
National Currency
2014
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
18
..
..
18
..
c
7 647
74 673
27
35
27
888
..
36
40
37
34
43
11 900
37
..
34
31
x
138
45
33
39
33
377
67
85
24
2015 1Q2014 2Q2014 3Q2014 4Q2014 1Q2015 2Q2015 3Q2015 4Q2015

13
..
..
13
..
c
..
60 204
25
38
26
829
..
30
37
37
31
33
9 558
32
..
38
28
x
120
40
33
34
30
374
63
89
22
20
..
..
20
..
c
..
75 852
30
35
28
912
..
35
41
38
35
39
11 132
38
..
35
34
x
135
43
35
40
35
380
66
84
27
19
..
..
19
..
c
..
74 232
25
35
28
892
..
35
41
37
35
39
12 379
36
..
35
34
x
135
43
33
39
34
380
68
83
23
1. Average price in national currency per MWh on a gross calorific value basis.
17
..
..
17
..
c
..
73 836
26
35
26
866
..
37
41
35
32
46
13 278
35
..
33
28
x
150
47
31
38
32
374
68
84
21
16
..
..
17
..
c
..
74 772
27
35
26
884
..
37
40
39
32
46
10 811
38
..
33
28
x
135
47
34
37
33
374
67
89
25
14
..
..
15
..
c
..
71 616
25
37
26
851
..
34
40
39
32
40
9 716
36
..
39
31
x
128
42
33
36
33
392
65
89
24
12
..
..
12
..
c
..
56 400
26
37
26
831
..
34
37
37
32
33
9 925
32
..
39
31
x
123
42
33
34
30
392
64
89
22
14
..
..
12
..
c
..
55 200
27
39
25
823
..
27
37
35
30
30
9 889
30
..
37
26
x
118
38
33
33
29
357
63
89
20
12
..
..
11
..
c
..
57 600
24
39
25
812
..
27
35
35
30
29
8 972
31
..
37
26
x
110
38
32
33
28
357
60
89
20
Table 9: Natural gas prices for households1

Country
National Currency
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
40
34 155
530
35
..
x
11 819
44 732
88
48
..
779
542
..
..
38
48
29
3 912
39
54
25
47
x
116
63
32
..
45
..
66
32
20
44
39 745
592
42
..
x
11 792
46 484
101
51
..
884
646
..
..
41
53
42
4 205
46
57
33
55
x
123
67
37
..
47
..
72
42
21
47
40 728
583
45
..
x
12 395
52 505
101
54
..
1 056
..
..
..
48
63
..
5 398
63
64
38
62
x
148
70
47
..
52
..
82
51
28
45
44 829
593
43
..
x
12 524
56 953
126
59
..
1 008
..
..
..
49
65
63
9 715
69
64
..
65
x
164
67
46
..
54
844
91
58
28
46
61 667
429
46
..
x
..
60 009
143
60
66
1 247
..
36
..
54
71
71
11 103
61
68
51
73
x
193
63
48
62
60
936
102
74
34
39
53 610
498
40
..
x
12 672
63 444
117
65
56
1 335
613
38
..
52
70
64
12 456
63
66
44
72
x
215
59
48
62
57
963
96
76
38
38
60 191
498
37
..
x
12 473
65 122
119
67
57
1 308
701
39
..
56
64
70
11 531
56
71
44
65
x
200
61
46
63
56
985
91
68
37
37
66 649
455
36
..
x
13 201
72 012
131
74
68
1 465
755
43
..
62
67
78
12 782
58
..
53
70
x
215
67
50
71
64
1 061
95
71
42
34
60 753
399
35
..
x
13 539
77 891
133
82
71
1 712
713
51
..
65
70
107
13 586
67
..
58
77
x
230
80
53
77
79
1 062
100
90
46
35
55 443
441
34
..
x
14 259
74 988
136
83
66
1 642
730
50
..
68
71
114
12 858
73
..
59
78
x
215
88
53
69
84
1 060
100
100
48
Country
National Currency
2014
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
39
58 585
471
36
..
x
15 147
79 932
133
81
65
1 598
663
48
..
67
71
105
11 399
76
..
52
77
x
229
99
53
67
90
1 056
103
104
51
2015 1Q2014 2Q2014 3Q2014 4Q2014 1Q2015 2Q2015 3Q2015 4Q2015

34
54 890
432
34
..
x
..
65 958
133
79
60
1 647
589
41
..
67
71
102
11 130
73
..
49
74
x
225
98
52
63
88
1 078
97
111
49
27
58 028
489
32
..
x
..
80 028
135
82
66
1 577
696
49
..
68
71
72
11 315
65
..
53
78
x
209
93
53
68
69
1 060
101
102
52
42
59 429
475
43
..
x
..
80 028
139
81
66
1 577
655
49
..
67
71
86
11 346
75
..
53
78
x
247
93
53
67
82
1 060
104
102
51
54
59 429
458
56
..
x
..
79 716
136
81
65
1 619
632
48
..
65
71
193
12 333
92
..
51
77
x
280
104
53
65
118
1 052
104
102
51
31
57 455
461
35
..
x
..
79 956
133
79
65
1 619
669
48
..
70
71
71
10 604
71
..
51
77
x
224
104
53
66
90
1 052
103
110
51
27
53 507
434
31
..
x
..
73 032
134
79
58
1 647
628
46
..
70
71
68
10 739
68
..
49
75
x
211
98
50
64
71
1 057
100
111
50
37
53 507
427
40
..
x
..
63 600
134
79
58
1 647
594
46
..
68
71
77
11 647
72
..
49
75
x
241
98
53
64
78
1 057
97
113
49
46
55 153
441
54
..
x
..
62 400
132
79
62
1 647
578
37
..
66
71
188
12 509
81
..
48
73
x
257
98
58
66
117
1 099
97
110
49
28
57 394
425
33
..
x
..
64 800
133
77
62
1 647
556
37
..
65
70
72
10 831
70
..
48
73
x
218
98
49
60
84
1 099
93
111
48
Table 10: Natural gas prices for electricity generation1

Country
National Currency
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
19
..
267
20
c
..
..
28 834
c
..
c
..
c
..
12
..
..
c
4 379
c
c
c
..
..
57
17
22
c
..
..
..
28
8
23
..
341
28
c
..
..
32 316
c
..
c
..
c
..
14
..
..
c
4 904
c
c
c
..
..
57
20
25
c
..
..
..
35
10
23
..
318
24
c
..
..
39 050
c
..
c
..
c
..
19
..
..
c
7 090
c
c
c
..
..
66
24
32
c
..
..
..
43
13
23
..
297
24
c
..
..
39 137
c
..
c
..
c
..
18
..
..
c
7 800
c
c
c
..
..
75
22
30
c
..
..
..
49
12
24
..
406
31
c
108
..
63 949
c
..
c
..
c
..
24
..
..
c
9 248
c
c
c
..
..
78
29
44
c
..
..
..
64
16
19
..
230
16
c
111
..
49 624
c
..
c
..
c
..
23
..
..
c
8 927
c
c
c
..
..
75
22
41
c
..
..
..
62
14
18
..
253
17
c
140
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
26
..
..
c
6 777
c
c
c
..
..
76
24
26
c
..
..
..
51
15
16
..
234
16
c
150
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
30
..
..
c
8 417
c
c
c
..
..
81
30
32
c
..
..
..
56
19
13
..
185
12
c
163
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
34
..
..
c
9 883
c
c
c
..
..
92
36
41
c
..
..
..
73
21
17
..
248
15
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
32
..
..
c
9 426
c
c
c
..
..
85
36
37
c
..
..
..
82
23
Country
National Currency
2014
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Canadian dollars
Chilean pesos
Mexican pesos
US dollars
Australian dollars
new Israeli sheqels
yen
wons
NZ dollars
euros
euros
Czech koruny
Danish kroner
euros
euros
euros
euros
euros
forints
euros
euros
euros
euros
Norwegian kroner
zlotys
euros
euros
euros
euros
Swedish kronor
Swiss francs
Turkish liras
UK pounds
..
..
283
17
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
30
..
..
c
10 018
c
c
c
..
..
82
35
39
c
..
..
..
84
19
2015 1Q2014 2Q2014 3Q2014 4Q2014 1Q2015 2Q2015 3Q2015 4Q2015

..
..
212
11
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
23
..
..
c
10 182
c
c
c
..
..
84
34
42
c
..
..
..
89
16
..
..
289
23
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
30
..
..
c
10 443
c
c
c
..
..
74
37
40
c
..
..
..
83
23
..
..
306
17
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
30
..
..
c
10 360
c
c
c
..
..
75
35
39
c
..
..
..
82
17
..
..
285
14
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
30
..
..
c
9 275
c
c
c
..
..
76
34
39
c
..
..
..
82
16
..
..
253
15
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
29
..
..
c
9 963
c
c
c
..
..
94
36
35
c
..
..
..
89
20
..
..
243
14
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
26
..
..
c
9 578
c
c
c
..
..
92
43
45
c
..
..
..
89
17
..
..
220
11
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
23
..
..
c
9 758
c
c
c
..
..
82
33
44
c
..
..
..
89
16
..
..
209
11
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
23
..
..
c
11 571
c
c
c
..
..
73
32
46
c
..
..
..
89
15
..
..
179
9
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
21
..
..
c
9 999
c
c
c
..
..
84
29
32
c
..
..
..
89
14
Table 11: Natural gas prices for industry1

US dollars
Country
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
19.23
..
25.85
21.67
..
..
33.74
29.39
11.41
..
c
18.70
c
..
17.40
22.54
28.65
19.97
24.74
25.08
25.83
..
..
x
15.43
24.57
20.89
..
18.54
..
30.30
19.80
17.43
25.03
..
30.71
27.96
..
c
34.52
33.74
17.78
..
c
25.15
c
..
19.48
28.39
34.25
26.86
29.72
32.16
30.25
..
..
x
19.32
29.26
24.72
..
21.86
..
34.62
26.18
25.69
23.39
..
29.51
25.97
..
c
37.44
42.46
18.65
..
c
34.59
c
..
25.55
35.44
45.10
..
38.79
40.06
39.05
..
..
x
25.30
34.31
32.59
..
30.52
..
41.93
30.33
32.98
18.58
..
29.84
25.26
..
c
39.04
47.36
22.58
..
..
33.68
c
..
27.59
35.61
49.53
37.95
50.23
c
42.23
..
39.11
x
32.25
36.86
36.14
..
32.70
51.49
49.58
37.91
28.63
30.29
..
37.24
31.93
..
c
..
42.95
20.95
..
48.98
52.80
c
38.69
38.44
52.22
57.21
55.36
64.75
52.99
55.59
31.52
45.98
x
45.72
47.11
53.51
56.36
41.84
65.86
64.09
49.26
38.38
14.84
..
..
17.59
..
c
48.62
41.23
20.64
..
43.90
45.41
64.67
33.72
34.33
37.75
47.76
37.93
52.57
41.57
47.95
39.99
42.37
x
37.21
41.62
44.43
49.09
37.30
48.95
60.56
40.21
30.36
13.77
..
..
17.83
..
c
54.57
52.47
20.83
..
32.32
45.62
..
36.45
36.35
41.67
45.08
44.50
36.75
37.08
41.53
42.07
34.44
x
39.10
40.29
45.97
51.61
33.57
56.01
56.92
35.02
28.27
15.42
..
..
16.89
..
c
70.39
60.11
21.61
..
37.82
50.77
..
39.64
52.85
51.48
50.25
55.96
43.56
43.88
..
50.09
38.52
x
42.51
50.15
50.18
58.30
37.69
67.65
72.50
33.78
35.53
11.90
..
..
12.83
..
c
77.01
64.79
22.81
47.89
37.08
48.82
..
45.61
53.87
51.14
44.63
66.76
47.85
45.58
..
49.56
38.62
x
43.96
52.70
52.53
64.38
43.97
63.32
71.71
41.15
38.45
13.73
..
..
15.34
..
c
72.05
67.22
23.66
48.84
39.89
47.33
..
47.15
55.61
51.83
49.89
60.99
45.62
51.73
..
53.53
41.75
x
42.27
55.71
49.34
57.89
45.78
63.80
72.24
43.61
41.89
Country
2014
2015
1Q2014
2Q2014
3Q2014
4Q2014
1Q2015
2Q2015
3Q2015
4Q2015
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
15.99
..
..
18.34
..
c
72.24
70.91
22.21
45.92
35.69
42.80
..
47.39
53.48
49.16
44.61
56.53
51.16
48.62
..
44.83
41.00
x
43.83
59.77
44.16
51.74
44.44
54.93
73.55
38.74
40.06
10.16
..
..
12.67
..
c
..
53.22
17.67
41.95
28.29
33.71
..
33.61
41.30
40.50
34.12
36.92
34.24
35.88
..
42.36
31.56
x
31.84
44.10
36.28
37.96
33.23
44.42
65.76
32.60
33.27
17.75
..
..
20.33
..
c
..
70.94
24.90
48.58
37.69
45.54
..
47.81
55.62
52.40
48.49
53.78
49.54
51.68
..
47.53
46.59
x
44.32
58.51
47.29
54.66
47.71
58.78
74.36
37.74
43.92
16.99
..
..
18.56
..
c
..
72.12
21.36
48.61
37.71
44.56
..
47.84
55.59
50.09
48.52
53.76
55.49
48.70
..
47.56
46.62
x
44.37
58.54
44.59
53.96
46.52
57.60
76.27
39.38
39.52
15.68
..
..
16.72
..
c
..
71.94
22.08
45.83
34.83
41.52
..
48.41
53.70
45.77
42.20
60.42
56.35
46.59
..
43.29
36.82
x
47.58
62.79
40.54
50.30
42.95
53.77
74.18
38.63
35.71
13.64
..
..
17.03
..
c
..
68.76
20.78
43.20
32.84
39.95
..
45.63
49.38
48.54
39.78
57.88
43.77
47.66
..
40.81
34.71
x
40.09
59.19
42.60
46.43
40.98
50.28
69.68
39.22
39.07
10.97
..
..
15.10
..
c
..
65.07
18.56
41.43
29.38
34.71
..
38.35
44.84
43.82
35.62
45.11
35.47
40.86
..
43.98
34.56
x
34.44
46.89
37.17
40.11
36.95
47.05
68.67
36.04
36.23
10.09
..
..
12.16
..
c
..
51.41
19.29
40.70
28.87
33.53
..
37.68
40.95
40.94
35.00
36.96
35.86
35.31
..
43.21
33.96
x
33.32
46.07
36.30
38.06
33.14
46.52
68.03
33.27
33.36
10.39
..
..
12.09
..
c
..
47.17
17.29
43.17
27.68
33.78
..
29.49
40.86
39.34
33.22
33.71
35.26
33.83
..
41.47
29.13
x
31.47
42.10
37.12
36.97
31.92
42.14
65.72
31.09
31.27
9.24
..
..
11.02
..
c
..
49.77
15.81
42.49
27.25
32.83
..
29.03
38.66
38.00
32.70
32.07
31.42
33.62
..
40.82
28.67
x
28.22
41.44
34.59
36.64
31.01
42.05
60.85
30.56
30.91
1. Average price per MWh on a gross calorific value basis.
Table 12: Natural gas prices for households1

US dollars
Country
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Country
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
31.08
56.03
46.93
35.49
..
x
109.28
39.06
58.08
59.01
..
30.32
90.53
..
..
46.80
59.84
36.42
19.31
49.01
66.92
31.61
58.69
x
31.77
78.17
30.23
..
55.31
..
52.71
22.37
36.40
36.20
71.01
54.33
42.32
..
x
107.07
45.38
71.28
62.73
..
36.90
107.70
..
..
50.77
66.37
51.66
21.07
56.56
70.80
41.06
68.82
x
38.11
82.85
36.04
..
58.87
..
57.67
31.13
38.87
41.41
76.80
53.50
45.41
..
x
106.53
54.99
65.74
67.50
..
46.74
..
..
..
60.78
79.37
..
25.66
78.85
80.54
48.04
77.36
x
47.67
87.56
47.61
..
65.08
..
65.81
35.72
50.80
41.57
85.84
54.30
43.05
..
x
106.35
61.28
92.37
80.53
..
49.66
..
..
..
67.56
89.20
86.00
52.92
94.53
87.38
..
88.67
x
59.20
92.42
56.49
..
74.62
124.83
75.68
44.67
56.42
43.43
117.79
38.51
45.87
..
x
..
54.51
100.22
88.07
96.05
72.99
..
52.13
..
79.14
103.83
104.40
64.38
88.90
99.11
73.84
106.61
x
80.25
91.68
67.54
91.17
88.29
141.85
94.02
56.68
61.52
34.22
95.91
36.88
40.04
..
x
135.43
49.76
73.19
89.61
77.87
70.08
114.41
52.69
..
72.93
97.02
89.57
61.64
87.45
91.10
61.30
99.97
x
68.94
82.51
67.09
86.75
79.61
125.80
88.27
48.92
59.13
37.04
118.03
39.45
36.95
..
x
142.13
56.36
86.05
88.64
75.03
68.55
124.62
51.45
..
74.32
84.26
93.26
55.50
73.87
94.04
57.80
86.09
x
66.46
81.01
60.50
82.78
73.87
136.71
87.35
45.27
56.59
37.12
137.87
36.57
36.41
..
x
165.61
65.03
103.71
102.54
94.90
82.89
141.00
60.21
..
86.71
92.57
107.98
63.62
80.59
..
74.04
96.77
x
72.69
93.75
68.85
98.76
89.20
163.55
107.43
42.33
67.35
34.36
125.01
30.31
35.32
..
x
169.64
69.18
107.71
104.80
91.45
87.63
123.09
65.79
..
83.76
90.32
138.05
60.43
86.75
..
74.62
98.70
x
70.64
102.28
68.39
98.49
101.90
156.89
106.77
50.24
72.17
33.81
111.94
34.51
34.02
..
x
146.10
68.49
111.67
110.17
88.08
83.95
129.98
66.33
..
89.64
94.61
151.50
57.51
96.98
..
78.88
103.68
x
68.05
117.47
70.64
91.38
111.69
162.77
108.36
52.69
75.64
2014
2015
1Q2014
2Q2014
3Q2014
4Q2014
1Q2015
2Q2015
3Q2015
4Q2015
35.08
102.67
35.38
36.13
..
x
143.10
75.90
109.91
107.64
86.77
76.99
117.98
64.23
..
89.44
94.68
139.79
49.00
100.46
..
69.15
102.58
x
72.62
130.94
70.75
88.55
118.87
153.95
112.65
47.54
84.60
26.84
83.89
27.19
34.22
..
x
..
58.30
92.63
87.35
66.83
66.97
87.56
46.00
..
74.63
78.35
112.67
39.86
80.48
..
53.80
82.06
x
59.62
108.59
58.02
69.56
97.44
127.85
100.54
40.77
75.00
24.73
105.10
36.95
32.41
..
x
..
74.85
113.00
112.53
90.17
78.71
127.81
67.25
..
92.62
97.91
98.09
50.35
88.90
..
72.35
106.37
x
68.47
128.06
73.08
92.69
94.03
164.00
113.34
46.01
85.44
38.64
107.19
36.58
43.30
..
x
..
77.75
119.35
111.75
90.22
78.78
120.44
67.28
..
91.86
97.88
117.34
50.86
102.71
..
72.39
106.42
x
81.18
128.13
73.12
91.49
112.39
160.69
116.89
48.32
86.39
49.70
102.86
34.93
55.88
..
x
..
77.67
114.27
107.94
86.09
77.65
112.27
63.25
..
86.13
94.52
256.05
52.34
121.55
..
68.03
102.10
x
89.02
137.65
70.63
86.19
156.66
151.43
113.79
47.09
85.64
27.69
96.04
33.19
34.75
..
x
..
73.52
103.67
99.15
81.16
73.18
112.29
59.62
..
87.45
88.94
88.62
42.93
89.06
..
64.13
96.04
x
66.42
129.76
66.58
82.03
111.76
141.58
107.01
48.74
81.19
21.67
85.69
29.01
30.70
..
x
..
66.36
100.78
89.40
65.74
67.17
95.00
52.11
..
78.81
79.83
76.83
39.20
76.12
..
55.30
84.88
x
56.68
109.86
56.13
71.99
80.37
126.96
105.10
45.04
76.37
29.83
86.60
27.87
39.51
..
x
..
57.97
97.58
87.61
64.59
66.45
87.89
51.20
..
74.99
78.20
85.44
42.08
79.92
..
54.34
83.32
x
65.02
107.94
58.37
70.55
86.67
125.54
103.45
42.22
75.36
34.83
81.44
26.81
54.34
..
x
..
53.32
86.04
88.06
69.04
67.63
86.18
40.74
..
73.61
78.41
209.38
44.60
89.65
..
53.14
80.69
x
68.15
109.17
64.31
73.35
130.45
129.57
100.36
38.38
75.48
21.07
82.25
25.33
33.38
..
x
..
55.99
88.53
84.43
67.96
66.62
81.50
40.11
..
71.23
77.02
79.28
37.94
76.28
..
52.31
79.44
x
55.96
107.46
53.33
66.13
92.22
129.28
93.55
38.18
72.80
Table 13: Natural gas prices for electricity generation1

US dollars
Country
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
14.78
..
23.64
20.27
c
..
..
25.18
c
..
c
..
c
..
15.27
..
..
c
21.61
c
c
c
..
..
15.60
20.81
20.89
c
..
..
..
19.60
13.94
19.20
..
31.28
28.02
c
..
..
31.55
c
..
c
..
c
..
17.35
..
..
c
24.58
c
c
c
..
..
17.70
25.09
24.72
c
..
..
..
25.90
18.45
20.09
..
29.20
23.61
c
..
..
40.90
c
..
c
..
c
..
23.40
..
..
c
33.70
c
c
c
..
..
21.43
30.53
32.59
c
..
..
..
30.04
23.63
21.45
..
27.19
24.21
c
..
..
42.11
c
..
c
..
c
..
25.24
..
..
c
42.49
c
c
c
..
..
27.02
30.40
36.14
c
..
..
..
37.74
24.74
22.71
..
36.36
31.16
c
30.25
..
58.09
c
..
c
..
c
..
35.67
..
..
c
53.63
c
c
c
..
..
32.25
42.53
61.81
c
..
..
..
49.18
30.12
16.95
..
17.03
16.14
c
28.21
..
38.92
c
..
c
..
c
..
31.70
..
..
c
44.18
c
c
c
..
..
24.11
31.07
56.83
c
..
..
..
40.09
21.88
17.58
..
20.04
17.32
c
37.53
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
33.84
..
..
c
32.62
c
c
c
..
..
25.09
31.75
34.28
c
..
..
..
34.12
22.57
15.88
..
18.82
16.13
c
41.88
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
41.55
..
..
c
41.89
c
c
c
..
..
27.48
41.43
44.36
c
..
..
..
33.32
30.69
13.06
..
14.05
11.66
c
42.45
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
43.42
..
..
c
43.96
c
c
c
..
..
28.35
46.08
53.27
c
..
..
..
40.97
33.84
16.05
..
19.39
14.76
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
41.90
..
..
c
42.16
c
c
c
..
..
26.97
47.56
49.68
c
..
..
..
43.20
35.94
Country
2014
2015
1Q2014
2Q2014
3Q2014
4Q2014
1Q2015
2Q2015
3Q2015
4Q2015
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
..
..
21.29
17.00
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
39.78
..
..
c
43.07
c
c
c
..
..
26.11
47.05
51.09
c
..
..
..
38.43
31.11
..
..
13.39
10.99
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
25.87
..
..
c
36.47
c
c
c
..
..
22.32
37.92
46.26
c
..
..
..
32.75
24.02
..
..
21.81
23.26
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
41.47
..
..
c
46.47
c
c
c
..
..
24.15
50.50
54.75
c
..
..
..
37.49
37.35
..
..
23.54
16.82
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
41.43
..
..
c
46.44
c
c
c
..
..
24.83
47.85
53.73
c
..
..
..
38.81
29.11
..
..
21.76
14.50
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
40.02
..
..
c
39.36
c
c
c
..
..
24.06
44.74
51.60
c
..
..
..
38.01
27.13
..
..
18.23
14.67
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
36.49
..
..
c
40.34
c
c
c
..
..
27.79
45.35
43.31
c
..
..
..
39.42
32.05
..
..
16.23
13.95
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
29.17
..
..
c
34.96
c
c
c
..
..
24.62
48.27
51.01
c
..
..
..
36.21
26.43
..
..
14.33
10.62
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
25.56
..
..
c
35.25
c
c
c
..
..
22.27
36.34
48.40
c
..
..
..
33.42
24.76
..
..
12.69
10.55
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
25.40
..
..
c
41.25
c
c
c
..
..
19.26
35.09
51.07
c
..
..
..
31.25
23.75
..
..
10.66
9.27
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
23.44
..
..
c
35.02
c
c
c
..
..
21.49
32.21
34.78
c
..
..
..
30.70
21.08
Table 14: Price comparison for competing fuels for industry1

Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
177.9
..
..
230.4
..
c
705.2
678.1
269.2
..
417.6
589.5
..
471.0
469.7
538.4
582.5
575.1
474.9
479.1
536.7
543.6
445.0
x
505.3
520.7
594.1
666.9
433.8
723.8
735.5
452.5
365.3
Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Rep.
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
177.4
..
..
198.2
..
c
931.0
868.6
305.7
631.1
515.5
611.7
..
609.3
718.6
669.8
644.7
788.1
589.6
668.5
..
691.7
539.5
x
546.3
719.9
637.6
748.1
591.6
824.4
933.5
563.5
541.3
2010
Steam
HSFO3
coal2
..
..
x
108.9
..
x
217.0
..
c
298.2
..
c
..
..
276.8
..
..
..
..
..
181.7
x
..
..
178.9
201.2
..
c
..
..
258.9
196.9
187.0
574.6
..
406.0
483.0
..
c
..
679.5
585.1
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
893.9
..
x
x
x
489.4
x
x
x
..
x
x
969.5
x
2013
Steam
HSFO3
coal2
..
..
x
122.5
..
x
226.5
..
c
324.7
..
c
..
..
445.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
186.4
236.2
..
c
..
..
205.9
246.9
252.5
748.6
..
540.9
695.0
..
c
..
895.2
667.6
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1 165.7
..
x
x
x
689.2
x
x
x
..
x
x
1 168.2
x
Light Natural
fuel oil
gas
778.9
..
518.0
635.0
..
c
870.0
1 306.8
674.4
892.0
806.2
804.6
1 095.5
952.8
966.3
877.5
808.3
1 045.1
..
1 033.8
1 526.1
826.3
1 066.0
1 234.2
909.7
..
786.8
934.1
883.3
806.1
804.9
..
912.6
199.2
..
..
218.2
..
c
909.6
776.7
279.3
..
488.7
656.1
..
512.2
683.0
665.3
649.4
723.1
562.9
567.0
..
647.3
497.7
x
549.3
648.1
648.5
753.4
487.1
874.2
936.9
436.5
459.2
Light Natural
fuel oil
gas
1 060.6
..
748.1
877.6
..
c
1 128.9
x
890.4
940.8
1 074.9
1 046.6
1 369.2
1 283.1
1 360.0
1 153.8
1 016.6
1 593.9
..
1 350.1
1 834.0
1 078.0
1 281.3
1 525.5
1 178.7
..
1 194.9
1 286.3
1 130.2
1 173.5
1 080.4
..
1 157.2
206.7
..
..
236.9
..
c
933.6
916.3
287.0
593.4
461.2
553.1
..
612.4
691.1
635.2
576.4
730.4
661.1
628.2
..
579.3
529.8
x
566.4
772.4
570.7
668.6
574.3
709.8
950.5
500.6
517.7
1. Tonne of oil equivalent on a net calorific value basis.

2. For the Czech Republic and Turkey, the price shown is for brown coal.
3. High sulphur fuel oil.
2011
Steam
HSFO3
coal2
..
..
x
110.7
..
x
276.3
..
c
352.4
..
c
..
..
517.3
..
..
..
..
..
227.5
x
..
..
203.2
251.8
..
c
..
..
334.4
203.3
238.3
772.7
..
532.6
670.7
..
c
..
921.1
658.7
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1 169.2
..
x
x
x
669.0
x
x
x
..
x
x
1 167.3
x
2014
Steam
HSFO3
coal2
..
..
x
123.6
..
x
206.3
..
c
298.7
..
c
..
..
444.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
171.9
211.2
..
c
..
..
187.2
213.4
263.3
653.0
..
494.3
647.4
..
c
..
838.4
630.3
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1 109.2
..
x
x
x
645.7
x
x
x
..
x
x
1 035.8
x
Light Natural
fuel oil
gas
1 069.2
..
693.8
860.0
..
c
1 133.3
x
902.8
1 028.5
1 083.8
1 069.9
1 424.2
1 268.9
1 390.0
1 148.4
1 042.2
1 438.2
..
1 338.3
1 847.4
1 083.0
1 143.9
1 510.3
1 192.9
..
1 151.6
1 230.6
1 146.1
1 168.3
1 098.3
..
1 165.7
153.8
..
..
165.8
..
c
995.1
837.2
294.7
618.9
479.2
630.9
..
589.3
696.1
660.8
576.7
862.7
618.3
589.0
..
640.4
499.1
x
568.1
681.0
678.8
832.0
568.2
818.2
926.6
531.7
496.9
Light Natural
fuel oil
gas
997.4
..
722.7
811.0
..
c
1 105.6
x
831.6
945.0
994.5
957.0
1 293.0
1 214.8
1 254.5
1 042.5
925.2
1 492.2
..
1 220.1
1 769.7
1 003.8
1 335.2
1 586.8
1 124.4
..
1 141.0
1 279.7
1 062.0
1 078.5
1 103.0
..
1 106.1
131.3
..
..
163.7
..
c
..
687.7
228.3
542.0
365.5
435.6
..
434.3
533.7
523.3
440.9
477.0
442.4
463.6
..
547.3
407.8
x
411.4
569.9
468.9
490.6
429.4
574.1
849.8
421.3
429.9
US dollars/toe
2012
Steam
Light
HSFO3
fuel oil
coal2
..
..
x
125.6
..
x
270.2
..
c
359.7
..
c
..
..
460.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
203.1
289.9
..
c
..
..
254.2
230.6
236.9
812.3
..
592.6
727.4
..
c
..
984.3
688.7
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1 197.2
..
x
x
x
727.1
x
x
x
..
x
x
1 256.5
x
2015
Steam
HSFO3
coal2
..
..
x
116.1
..
x
173.2
..
c
246.4
..
c
..
..
403.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
x
..
..
130.1
127.5
..
c
..
..
164.5
190.0
219.3
326.7
..
255.1
351.0
..
c
..
477.0
373.2
..
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
721.8
..
x
x
x
331.2
x
x
x
..
x
x
628.6
x
1 082.3
..
716.5
896.6
..
c
1 211.9
x
918.7
1 005.4
1 102.1
1 076.3
1 339.1
1 283.7
1 361.9
1 180.5
1 056.5
1 650.5
..
1 354.1
1 823.6
1 102.1
1 114.5
1 581.5
1 208.6
..
1 166.5
1 270.8
1 159.7
1 189.9
1 108.9
..
1 197.4
Light
fuel oil
637.7
..
304.0
463.0
..
c
698.5
x
517.4
621.4
612.7
613.9
910.9
835.5
866.1
698.9
577.4
940.2
..
678.0
1 252.7
629.5
1 107.1
1 107.2
759.7
..
726.1
896.8
688.0
830.1
768.2
..
772.7
Table 15: Price comparison for competing fuels for households 1

Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
2
United States
2
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
478.6
1 525.2
509.8
477.5
..
x
1 836.6
728.3
1 112.0
1 145.4
969.6
885.9
1 610.4
664.9
..
960.3
1 088.8
1 205.2
717.2
954.6
1 215.2
747.0
1 112.5
x
858.8
1 046.8
781.8
1 069.7
954.6
1 766.6
1 128.7
584.9
731.3
Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
2
United States
2
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
436.8
1 446.6
446.0
439.6
..
x
1 887.9
885.0
1 443.0
1 423.6
1 138.2
1 084.8
1 679.6
857.2
..
1 158.3
1 222.5
1 957.8
743.2
1 253.2
..
1 019.3
1 339.8
x
879.3
1 517.9
912.8
1 180.8
1 443.3
2 103.4
1 400.3
680.8
977.4
2010
Light
fuel oil
Electricity
1 020.5
1 105.1
x
918.1
..
1 857.8
1 049.5
1 312.8
..
1 145.2
975.5
1 087.7
1 808.2
1 143.3
1 183.7
1 106.4
961.9
1 272.5
x
1 290.0
1 831.3
906.5
1 268.6
1 579.9
1 157.4
1 273.5
..
1 121.0
1 037.9
1 815.3
936.6
1 962.9
962.2
2013
Light
fuel oil
1 084.7
2 428.2
1 042.7
..
..
1 626.0
2 834.5
967.1
2 037.9
2 995.7
2 693.7
2 157.4
4 142.9
1 477.8
2 039.4
1 921.8
3 706.3
1 842.0
2 542.2
2 704.5
3 060.1
2 504.2
2 571.6
2 045.4
2 082.8
2 502.7
2 476.4
2 156.6
2 868.8
2 534.8
2 092.9
2 141.2
2 138.8
Electricity
1 359.5
1 470.3
x
1 173.9
..
2 421.4
1 224.2
1 766.0
..
1 445.8
1 300.7
1 391.6
2 355.5
1 539.8
1 686.3
1 442.6
1 248.7
1 960.5
x
1 661.0
2 225.7
1 188.4
1 550.4
1 952.8
1 497.7
1 989.2
..
1 556.4
1 367.6
2 340.3
1 239.1
2 169.8
1 255.3
1 209.0
2 003.6
1 056.4
..
..
1 994.1
2 956.4
1 179.3
2 630.1
3 161.6
3 067.1
2 390.4
4 580.5
2 032.1
2 352.0
2 248.4
4 507.3
2 516.1
2 116.4
3 403.0
3 553.1
2 421.9
2 990.7
1 726.9
2 282.5
3 250.8
2 768.0
2 473.9
..
2 716.9
2 368.5
2 208.8
2 675.3
Natural
gas
479.6
1 781.6
472.6
470.6
..
x
2 140.1
840.4
1 340.1
1 325.1
1 226.3
1 071.2
1 822.0
778.1
..
1 120.4
1 196.2
1 395.4
822.1
1 041.4
..
956.8
1 250.5
x
939.3
1 211.4
889.7
1 276.2
1 152.7
2 113.4
1 388.2
547.0
870.3
Natural
gas
453.3
1 326.7
457.2
466.9
..
x
1 849.2
980.9
1 420.3
1 391.0
1 121.3
994.8
1 524.6
830.0
..
1 155.8
1 223.4
1 806.4
633.2
1 298.2
..
893.6
1 325.5
x
938.4
1 692.0
914.2
1 144.3
1 536.0
1 989.4
1 455.7
614.3
1 093.2
2011
Light
fuel oil
1 327.6
1 410.4
x
1 141.1
..
2 362.6
1 371.3
1 696.8
..
1 474.2
1 311.4
1 415.8
2 211.1
1 522.7
1 709.7
1 445.5
1 278.9
1 418.6
x
1 653.7
2 222.2
1 193.0
1 361.2
1 933.4
1 502.3
1 709.2
..
1 476.7
1 352.4
2 274.2
1 263.5
2 173.1
1 256.2
2014
Light
fuel oil
1 320.4
1 438.9
x
1 153.2
..
2 373.6
1 200.3
1 746.8
..
1 361.0
1 203.3
1 275.9
2 271.9
1 457.7
1 555.6
1 339.3
1 150.1
1 835.4
x
1 513.5
2 159.1
1 105.2
1 615.6
2 031.3
1 432.2
1 925.4
..
1 561.2
1 285.1
..
1 237.2
1 986.4
1 179.9
Electricity
1 220.3
2 451.1
1 106.6
..
..
1 729.7
3 191.0
1 031.2
2 361.4
3 170.5
3 071.9
2 447.7
4 758.0
1 587.7
2 482.2
2 174.0
4 089.7
2 011.3
2 541.0
3 015.0
3 240.5
2 569.1
2 764.3
1 982.8
2 304.8
2 857.7
2 808.9
2 345.5
3 431.5
2 882.7
2 589.8
1 966.0
2 433.4
Electricity
1 162.1
1 760.9
1 047.4
..
..
2 048.5
2 944.9
1 281.8
2 745.2
3 103.8
2 835.6
2 028.4
4 687.4
1 964.0
2 341.3
2 408.4
4 593.6
2 740.0
1 839.7
3 549.7
3 567.6
2 556.4
2 935.2
1 478.0
2 234.3
3 390.3
2 488.1
2 473.5
..
2 493.6
2 433.6
1 972.0
2 979.4
Natural
gas
444.1
1 615.4
391.6
456.4
..
x
2 192.1
894.0
1 391.8
1 354.2
1 181.8
1 132.3
1 590.6
850.2
..
1 082.4
1 167.1
1 783.9
780.9
1 121.0
..
964.2
1 275.4
x
912.8
1 321.6
883.8
1 272.7
1 316.7
2 027.4
1 379.7
649.2
932.6
Natural
gas
346.9
1 084.0
351.4
442.3
..
x
..
753.4
1 197.0
1 128.7
863.6
865.4
1 131.5
594.4
..
964.4
1 012.5
1 455.9
515.1
1 040.0
..
695.3
1 060.4
x
770.5
1 403.2
749.8
898.9
1 259.1
1 652.1
1 299.2
526.8
969.2
US dollars/toe
2012
Light
Electricity
fuel oil
1 371.5
1 459.5
x
1 174.9
..
2 373.9
1 387.7
1 753.1
..
1 478.2
1 333.6
1 410.9
2 200.0
1 540.5
1 675.2
1 459.5
1 286.8
1 706.2
x
1 661.6
2 206.5
1 215.9
1 330.9
2 024.5
1 538.8
1 935.0
..
1 525.0
1 379.4
2 323.8
1 267.2
2 174.1
1 290.2
2015
Light
fuel oil
956.4
1 108.9
x
822.2
..
1 865.6
819.6
1 187.0
..
910.6
741.4
842.3
1 554.3
1 002.7
1 074.0
917.3
740.0
1 156.4
x
877.1
1 528.2
701.5
1 339.6
1 417.4
973.3
1 371.7
..
1 094.1
832.4
..
881.9
1 366.8
805.2
1 216.1
2 155.6
1 048.8
..
..
1 763.0
3 379.0
1 082.3
2 517.6
2 952.6
2 906.2
2 313.3
4 458.4
1 615.7
2 265.9
2 036.5
3 939.0
2 099.2
2 373.9
3 143.3
3 353.5
2 433.2
2 770.2
1 581.2
2 219.5
3 031.0
2 670.2
2 249.3
..
2 604.2
2 374.0
2 148.3
2 532.2
Electricity
1 246.2
1 835.5
875.9
..
..
1 702.5
2 617.7
1 194.3
2 274.3
2 575.7
2 638.4
1 704.5
3 923.0
1 621.3
1 964.1
2 110.2
3 803.1
2 281.7
1 490.0
2 934.5
2 998.7
2 192.7
2 405.8
1 099.1
1 904.7
2 943.4
1 990.7
2 049.6
..
1 983.6
2 394.6
1 689.2
2 755.2

2. Electricity price excluding taxes.
Table 16: Price comparison for competing fuels for electricity generation1
Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
coal2
227.2
..
258.9
223.8
c
485.0
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
437.3
..
..
c
421.5
c
c
c
..
..
324.2
410.3
443.0
c
..
..
..
440.9
291.6
Natural
gas
Canada
Chile
Mexico
United States
Australia
Israel
Japan
Korea
New Zealand
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2010
Steam
50.9
119.5
119.3
84.9
..
186.4
..
..
c
165.1
..
c
..
..
167.0
174.4
170.4
..
c
134.6
182.6
x
..
..
153.2
144.6
..
x
..
..
x
181.9
170.2
2013
Steam
coal2
207.4
..
250.5
190.7
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
541.5
..
..
c
544.8
c
c
c
..
..
348.5
614.5
642.0
c
..
..
..
558.3
464.5
54.0
128.3
133.0
87.9
..
..
..
..
c
208.5
..
c
..
..
155.8
..
157.5
..
c
131.8
..
x
..
..
151.5
128.0
..
x
..
..
x
228.0
170.2
Heavy fuel
oil
444.6
..
406.7
529.3
..
517.0
..
..
c
385.8
x
c
..
..
557.6
..
513.4
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
514.5
x
x
..
..
..
..
969.5
639.8
Heavy fuel
oil
691.9
..
542.7
809.9
..
x
..
..
c
357.9
x
c
..
..
..
..
c
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
677.7
x
x
..
..
..
..
1 168.2
799.5
Natural
gas
205.2
..
243.2
208.5
c
541.2
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
536.9
..
..
c
541.3
c
c
c
..
..
355.1
535.3
573.2
c
..
..
..
430.6
396.5
Natural
gas
..
..
275.1
219.7
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
514.0
..
..
c
556.5
c
c
c
..
..
337.4
608.0
660.3
c
..
..
..
496.6
402.0

2. For the Czech Republic, Mexico and Turkey, the price shown is for brown coal.
2011
Steam
coal2
47.3
152.7
122.7
89.7
..
271.0
..
..
c
193.5
..
c
..
..
224.9
206.6
221.5
..
c
202.4
..
x
..
..
165.6
185.5
..
x
..
..
x
186.9
227.3
2014
Steam
coal2
..
118.8
138.0
88.7
..
..
..
..
c
170.3
..
c
..
..
155.0
..
145.5
..
c
117.3
..
x
..
..
146.6
118.1
..
x
..
..
x
217.6
165.1
Heavy fuel
oil
562.1
..
530.3
767.3
..
801.3
..
..
c
474.7
x
c
..
..
..
..
..
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
686.0
x
x
..
..
..
..
1 167.3
816.9
Heavy fuel
oil
..
..
494.7
804.3
..
x
..
..
c
480.9
x
c
..
..
..
..
c
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
626.7
x
x
..
..
..
..
1 035.8
739.9
Natural
gas
168.8
..
181.6
150.7
c
548.6
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
561.1
..
..
c
568.0
c
c
c
..
..
366.4
595.5
688.4
c
..
..
..
529.4
437.3
Natural
gas
..
..
173.0
142.1
c
..
..
..
c
..
c
..
c
..
334.3
..
..
c
471.3
c
c
c
..
..
288.5
490.0
597.7
c
..
..
..
423.3
310.4
US dollars/toe
2012
Steam Heavy fuel
oil
coal2
53.9
137.6
124.4
89.4
..
256.4
..
..
c
195.4
..
c
..
..
190.6
..
182.9
..
c
142.3
..
x
..
..
162.2
147.7
..
x
..
..
x
194.2
185.9
2015
Steam
coal2
..
102.8
124.0
83.5
..
..
..
..
c
139.7
..
c
..
..
122.2
..
119.7
..
c
94.7
..
x
..
..
115.8
91.8
..
x
..
..
x
159.6
131.7
693.3
..
594.5
882.6
..
839.4
..
..
c
670.5
x
c
..
..
..
..
c
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
728.6
x
x
..
..
..
..
1 256.5
868.3
Heavy fuel
oil
..
..
256.8
434.3
..
x
..
..
c
310.7
x
c
..
..
..
..
c
..
x
..
c
..
..
x
343.2
x
x
..
..
..
..
628.6
474.2
NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition) - VI.1
PART VI
MAPS OF PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE
ORGANISATION AND REGULATION OF

GAS TRANSPORTATION
NORTH AMERICA
VI.4 - NATURAL GAS INFORMATION (2016 edition)
SOUTH AMERICA
EUROPE
BLACK SEA
AFRICA
SOUTH ASIA
SOUTHEAST ASIA
Australia
Regulatory framework
The National Gas Law (NGL) and National Gas Rules (NGR), introduced in 2008, govern access to natural gas
pipeline services and regulated natural gas markets.
Ownership and operation of gas transmission systems

Australia has three distinct and geographically isolated domestic gas markets; the eastern, western and the small
northern markets. All transmission pipelines are owned and operated by private companies. APA Group, a
publicly listed company, has the most extensive portfolio of gas transmission assets in Australia. Other
companies, including Jemena, Origin, Envestra, DUET Group, Palisade and QIC also own major gas transmission
pipelines. Third party or common carrier access to transmission systems applies in all states and territories except
Victoria, where market carriage applies.
Transportation tariffs
Based on an assessment of the degree of competition that exists for the service, the National Competition Council
recommends whether a pipeline should be regulated (covered). The relevant government minister decides
whether to regulate and the form of regulation that should apply under the NGL and NGR light or full coverage.
Fully covered pipeline operators are required to submit an access arrangement schedule to the energy regulator for
approval, stating price and non-price terms and conditions for third parties to gain access to the pipeline. The
access arrangement must specify at least one reference service likely to be sought by a significant part of the
market, and a reference tariff for that service. Lightly covered pipelines are not subject to price regulation. Lightly
covered pipelines must publish relevant access prices and other terms and conditions on its website. These terms
and conditions become the basis for negotiations with prospective customers. In the event of a dispute, a party
seeking access to the pipeline may ask the regulator to arbitrate. Pipelines that are not covered are free to set
tariffs for transportation services, without regulatory oversight.
Ownership and operation of gas distribution systems

Local gas distribution has been fully privatised in all states and territories, with the exception of the Australian
Capital Territory (ACT), where the distribution network is 50 per cent owned by the ACT Government. Jemena,
APA Group, Cheung Kong Infrastructure (CKI) and DUET Group are the principal owners in the distribution
sector. Most gas distribution networks are regulated by the Australian Energy Regulator except for those in
Western Australia (WA), which are regulated by the state-based WA Economic Regulation Authority. Like
transmission pipelines, the Regulator applies different forms of regulation based on competition and significance
criteria. Retail contestability has been introduced progressively across all customer classes.
Production
Current gas production is split between the export LNG sector and pipeline gas for the domestic market.
Numerous companies operate across all jurisdictions except the ACT and Tasmania. Woodside Petroleum, BHP
Billiton, Santos, Shell, BP and Chevron are amongst the largest. Production from Coal Bed Methane (CBM)
resources has grown rapidly in recent years and is fuelling LNG exports from Queensland. Exports will grow
rapidly over the coming decade while domestic gas production is expected to remain relatively steady.
LNG Terminals
Australia exports a globally significant quantity of LNG from a number of facilities including the North West
Shelf Venture Pluto LNG and Gorgon in Western Australia, Darwin LNG in the Northern Territory and GLNG,
APLNG and QCLNG projects in Gladstone, Queensland. In 2014, Australia completed construction of one of the
three world-first CBM-to-LNG projects located in Queensland. In 2015, an additional two CBM-to-LNG facilities
were completed and began export. Australia still has a number of other major projects under construction. These
include two conventional Greenfield projects (one in Western Australia and one in Darwin), and the worlds
largest floating LNG facility off the North West coast.
AUSTRALIA
Austria
Ownership and operation of gas transmission system
The length of the transmission and distribution pipeline network is 40 928 km. Transmission pipelines are owned
and operated by Gas Connect Austria GmbH (SOL 26 km, HAG 46 km, PENTA West 95 km WAG 245
km) and TAG GmbH (TAG 382.8 km).
Ownership and operation of storage facilities

There are 5 storage system operators in Austria which market storage capacity of 9 storages. Three storage sites
are owned and operated by OMV Gas Storage GmbH (working gas volume 2.56 Bcm resp. 2.49 Bcm by national
standards). RAG Energy Storage GmbH operates four storage sites (working gas volume 1.26 Bcm resp.
1.35 Bcm by national standards) and together with Astora, GSA LLC and E.on Gas Storage GmbH two further
storage sites (working gas volume 3.99 Bcm resp. 4.39 Bcm by national standards).
Participation in transmission pipelines abroad

None.
Transit of gas
Predominantly Russian gas via TAG to Italy, via HAG to Hungary, via SOL to Slovenia and via WAG to
Germany. More and more reverse gas flows on WAG to Slovakia and other neighbouring market areas.
Regulatory features
The first Gas Industry Act (GWG) was passed by Parliament on 6 July 2000. All customers were given supplier
choice on 1 October 2002. Non-discriminatory regulated TPA to all transmission and distribution pipelines. The
most recent amendment of the Gas Industry Act took place in November 2011. With this amendment the new
elements of the Third Energy Package (2009/73/EC) were implemented in Austria. A new market model was
introduced on 1 January 2013 which encompassed the implementation of a decoupled entry-exit system and a
virtual trading point.
Regulated tariffs for access to the transmission and distribution networks are set by E-Control.
Distribution
There are 20 distribution system operators (DSOs) at regional and local level.
Production
Two producers: OMV and RAG.
AUSTRIA
Belgium
Fluxys Belgium SA owns and operates the system. The network has over 4 100 km of pipelines carrying L-gas
and H-gas.
Ownership and operation of storage facilities and LNG terminal

There is an underground storage at Loenhout owned and operated by Fluxys Belgium SA and used to store H-gas.
Fluxys LNG SA owns and operates the LNG terminal at Zeebrugge. A second jetty for loading and unloading of
LNG carriers will become operational in 2016.
Supply and transport of gas

There is supply of LNG (mostly from Qatar), gas from Norway, the Netherlands, UK and Eastern Europe (mostly
Russia, through Germany) being transported to the Belgian market and to France, the Netherlands, UK,
Luxembourg, Germany, and further to Italy, Spain.
Regulatory features
A gas bill liberalising the market was adopted on 29 April 1999, progressively introducing negotiated TPA to
eligible customers, establishing an independent transmission system operator and removing the transport
monopoly of Distrigas.
Acceleration of market opening was agreed by Federal Government Decision on 20 July 2000. It was also decided
to switch to regulated TPA, as soon as the new gas law is adopted. At the end of 2001, Distrigas was split into two
companies: a new unregulated gas trading and international transit company that retained the name Distrigas, and
the existing company, which changed her name into Fluxys acting as the regulated operator of the Belgian gas
infrastructure.
The Belgian gas market has been completely open since 1 January 2007.
Transportation tariffs and transport conditions

The Belgian federal regulator (C.R.E.G.) approves tariffs and transport conditions.
Distribution
There are 18 communal distribution system operators.
Production
None.
BELGIUM
Canada
All transmission pipelines, both inter- and intra- provincial are owned and operated by public companies.
TransGas Limited, the gas transmission system in Saskatchewan, is an exception because it is a provincial Crown
corporation under the authority of the SaskEnergy Act.

Owned and operated by private companies, except the storage facilities in Saskatchewan. The latter are owned by
TransGas (a wholly owned subsidiary of Saskatchewan's crown-owned natural gas utility SaskEnergy Inc).

Canadian companies own shares in transmission pipelines in the United States.
Transit of gas
A small amount of LNG is imported into Canada through the Canaport LNG terminal and most of this gas is reexported to the United States via transmission pipeline.
Regulatory features
Move away from detailed rate of return/cost of service regulation by National Energy Board towards incentive
regulation. General Mandatory Open Access in transmission pipelines and most storage.
Storage tariffs are published. Transportation tariffs for major open-access pipelines are also published.
Distribution
Regional and local distribution companies with exclusive rights.
Production
There are over 700 different producers. The Canadian gas sector is driven by upstream competition and is tightly
integrated with the market in the United States. Large volumes of Canadian gas are exported to the United States,
and Canadian gas prices are determined in the larger North American market. Despite modest decreases in
production, production is currently sufficient to maintain supplies for domestic consumption and significant levels
of exports. Canadian shale gas and tight gas resources (forms of non-conventional natural gas) continue to be
explored and developed.
CANADA
Chile
The pipeline networks are owned by various companies. In the northern region: Gasoducto Atacama Chile Ltda,
Gasoducto Nor Andino SA and Gasoducto Taltal Ltda. In the central and southern region: GasAndes SA,
Electrogas SA, Gas Pacfico SA and Innergy Transporte SA. In the far south the pipelines are owned by ENAP.

There are no underground storage facilities. However, the LNG terminals at Quintero and Mejillones have three
and one storage tanks, respectively, with a capacity of 334 and 154 thousand cubic metres of LNG.
Transit of gas
Since June 2011 ENAP, the Chilean State Refinery, is transporting 1 Mcm of LNG from the LNG terminal in
Quintero at Valparaso Region, to the Biobo Region 600 km to the south, using 25 double-skin tanker trucks. The
fuel is regasified at the Pemuco plant and injected into the Pacfico pipeline to ENAPs Bo Bo refinery for its
production purposes and the distribution network of the Region.
Regulatory features
In Chile, the import of natural gas is not regulated, but transport and distribution of natural gas by pipeline
requires a non-exclusive concession, which gives specific rights and obligations to the concessionaire. The Gas
Law establishes that, with the exception of the Magallanes Region, distribution concessionaries are free to set
tariffs for the gas distribution service, with the limitation that these tariffs must be non-discriminatory between
similar consumers. Prices of gas to the end-user are not set directly by the authorities, on the grounds that gas
competes with other substitute hydrocarbons.
However, the law establishes a ceiling on the profitability that the gas distribution concessionaries may earn. The
Competition Tribunal can ask the Ministry of Economy to regulate prices paid by users that consume less than
100 GJ of gas, if the distributors profitability exceeds the ceiling in a given year.
Tariffs in the gas transportation sector are unregulated.
Distribution
Natural gas is distributed through networks owned by five companies in various cities: Metrogas in Santiago and
Greater Rancagua area; Gasvalpo in the Greater Valparaso area, in La Serena-Coquimbo area, and in the city of
Los Andes and Talca; GasSur in the Greater Concepcin area and in the city of Los ngeles; Intergas in the cities
of Chilln and Los ngeles; Lipigas in the city of Calama; and Gasco Magallanes in the cities of Punta Arenas,
Puerto Natales and Porvenir, in the Magallanes Region.
Production
Domestic gas production supplies only the Magallanes Region in the far south.
CHILE
Czech Republic
From the beginning of 2006 the gas industry has changed from integrated transmission and supply provided by a
single company Transgas into an unbundled market, where unlimited number of traders have equal access to the
transmission system (Net4Gas). The major gas trader is RWE Transgas. There are six regional gas distribution
companies. Four of them are under control of RWE Group.
From April 2007 all end customers are eligible and can choose supplier according to their preferences.
Commodity prices are not set by the Energy Regulatory Office anymore and are determined by free competition.

Apart from RWE Transgas which owns the majority of storage facilities, Moravsk Naftov Doly have one
facility. New storage facilities are under construction.
Transit of gas
Transit of Russian gas to Germany and France through the Net4Gas system.
Transportation tariffs are set by the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) on the basis of the transport system
operators duty to guarantee equal conditions for all the shippers.
Regulatory features
Transportation tariffs are regulated and announced yearly by ERO.
Distribution
There are six regional distribution companies.
Production
Production is only 2-3% of consumption.
CZECH REPUBLIC
Denmark
Owned and operated by Energinet.dk.

Stenlille gas storage and Ll.Torup gas storage are owned and operated by Energinet.dk.
Transit of gas
The following transit pipelines run through the Danish sector of the North Sea: Europipe I, Europipe II, Norpipe,
Franpipe, and Zeepipe. The Tyra Nogat pipeline delivers gas to the Dutch infrastructure. Gas production from
the Trym-field on the Norwegian continental shelf is delivered to the Danish infrastructure.
The following transit pipelines run through the Danish sector of the Baltic Sea: Nord Stream.
Regulatory features
The Natural Gas Supply Act adopted in May 2000 with amendments. The regime of access to the network is
Regulated TPA for transmission and distribution. There is negotiated access to upstream pipelines in the North
Sea.
Transportation tariffs are published.
Distribution
There are three regional distribution companies: DONG Gasdistribution, HMN and Naturgas Fyn.
Production
Production: Shell Olie og Gasudvinding Danmark B.V, A.P. Mller-Mrsk A/S, Chevron Denmark Inc.,
Nordsfonden, Hess Denmark ApS, DONG E&P A/S, Noreco Oil Denmark A/S, Danoil Exploration A/S, Noreco
Petroleum Denmark A/S.
Operators: Mrsk Olie og Gas A/S, Hess Denmark ApS and DONG E&P A/S.
DENMARK
Estonia
The market is dominated by a single vertically integrated incumbent gas importer, Eesti Gaas, which is owned by four
European gas companies Gazprom, Ruhrgas GmbH, Fortum Heat & Gas OY and Itera. Similarly to the wholesale
market, AS Eesti Gaas is in the dominant position on the retail market. The gas transmission network from Estonian
border to supply points agreed with customers and gas metering stations are owned by AS Elering Gaas, which also
provides transmission services. The majority of AS Elering Gaas is owned by the Estonian electricity TSO AS Elering.

No storage facilities.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
The Natural Gas Act, passed in January 2003, regulates the activities related to the import, transmission, distribution
and sale of natural gas by way of gas networks, and connection to networks.
On 6 June 2012 the Parliament passed amendments to the Natural Gas Act, in order to harmonise the Third Energy
Package requirements into the Estonian legislation. The Parliament reached the conclusion that the most proportionate
actually functioning system operator model for the development of the gas market is a transmission system operator
independent of the sellers or importers. This scenario will make possible to develop the gas market according to the
principles of the directive. The totally unbundled TSO was established in the beginning of 2015. According to the
Natural Gas Act, the Estonian Competition Authority (ECA) is responsible for implementing the state control,
supervision and monitoring the fuel and energy market. Besides the Natural Gas Act, the gas market is also regulated by
the Competition Act. In performing the functions imposed on it by the Natural Gas Act, ECA is independent and
exercises its powers with impartiality.
On 26 March 2014 further implementation of the Third Energy Package requirements took effect.
Transmission and Distribution

There is one transmission company, AS Elering Gaas, and 23 distribution companies. AS Elering Gaas is the TSO of
the gas network, providing transmission services, and is also responsible for the balance of the transmission network.
There are 878 km of gas transmission pipelines and 2 067 km of distribution pipelines in Estonia.
In accordance with the Natural Gas Act, all network tariffs and methodologies for calculating connection fees and
balancing gas are approved by the Estonian Competition Authority. The Competition Authority applies so-called expost control or price supervision. The fees for gas transit do not require approval. The gas price is not fully regulated
and all customers buy gas at market price. Only the market dominant company - currently Eesti Gaas AS, has to
approve the sales margin, as a component of the price for households. For the dominant gas company, gas pricing for
households is based on the principle that the weighted average price of gas sold includes the import price and the sales
margin. The dominant gas company must have approval of the value of the margin from the ECA. Eesti Gaas AS itself
forms its sales price on the basis of the import price and the approved margin. At the end of each calendar year the
company makes a settlement of accounts (recalculation) based on the actual volume supplied to the household
customers. The Competition Authority has audited the activities of AS Eesti Gaas both in 2010 and 2011. No violations
have been revealed and the enterprise has fulfilled the obligations provided by law (Estonian Competition Authority,
Annual Report. 2011).
Production
None.
ESTONIA
Finland
Owned and operated by Gasum Oy (established in 1994). In 2014, The Finnish State acquired a majority holding
in Gasum, and Gasum is currently owned by Finnish State (75%) and OAO Gazprom (25%). In Finland, the LNG
infrastructure is currently being built up.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
The Finnish Parliament adopted the Natural Gas Market Act on 3 May 2000. Secondary market opening or
after markets opening in which large gas users may trade with each other within the Gasum grid. Regulated
TPA. Amendments to Act at the end of 2004 implemented the Gas Directive from 2003, e.g. unbundling, ex-ante
economical regulation including five year regulatory period for the transmission and distribution activities.
Tariffs are published.
Distribution
Several local distribution companies.
Production
None.
FINLAND
France
Since January 2005, GRTgaz (Engie's subsidiary company 75% co-owned by SIG Infrastructure1 25%) owns
and operates the transmission system, except in the Southwest of France, where TIGF (a former Total's subsidiary
company sold in 2013 to the SNAM-GIC-EDF consortium) owns and operates the network of pipelines. The
French transmission and distribution networks measure approximately 37 500 km and 195 000 km respectively.
Ownership and operation of storage facilities and LNG terminals

Storengy (Engies subsidiary company) owns2 and operates 13 storage facilities (10 aquifers and 3 salt caverns),
while TIGF owns and operates 2 facilities (aquifers). Elengy (Engies subsidiary company) owns and operates 2
LNG terminals in Fos Tonkin and Montoir-de-Bretagne. Another terminal, Fosmax LNG, was put in operation in
Fos Cavaou in March 2010; it is owned and operated by Elengy (70%) and Total (30%). The Dunkerque LNG
terminal owned by EDF (65%), Fluxys (25%) and Total (10%) will be commissioned in June 2016.

Germany (Megal), Austria (BOG), Slovakia (Eustream).
Transit of gas
Norwegian gas to Spain and Italy. Nigerian gas to Italy. About 12% of gas entering the French transmission
network in 2015 is flowed towards adjacent networks.
Regulatory features
The legislative rules governing the national gas system are included in the Code of energy, which entered into
force on 1 June 2011. The code includes the transposition into French law of EU 2009/73 Gas Directive.
Under Article L. 452-3 of the aforementioned code, tariffs for the use of transmission networks, distribution
networks and LNG terminals are defined by the national regulatory authority (CRE Commission de rgulation
de lnergie) and submitted to the Ministers in charge of economy and energy. The Dunkerque LNG Terminal will
be exempted.
Storage tariffs
Under Article L. 421-8 of the aforementioned code, third-party access to storages is negotiated between suppliers
and storage operators. A Decree (2006-1034 of 21 August 2006) sets the principles of use and management of
storages.
Retail market
Since July 2004 all industrial consumers can choose their supplier. Since July 2007 all domestic consumers can
also choose their supplier. By the end of 2015, 50% of the demand was provided by new entrants.
Production
By the end of 2013 domestic production ceased with the end of operations in the Lacq site (Total). In 2015
biomethane production and colliery gas production injected in the grid amounted to about 82 GWh and 247 GWh
respectively.
1. A public consortium formed by CNP Assurances, CDC Infrastructure and the Caisse des Dpts et Consignations.
2. One salt cavity (Manosque) is co-property of Storengy (50%) and Geosud (50%). 13.93% of Geosud is owned by INEOS and 56.07% by Total.
FRANCE
Germany
Germanys natural gas pipeline network is 505 000 km in length and services about 21 million customers (Statistical Report,
Eurogas, 2015). The high-pressure transmission pipelines transport gas from gas fields or import points to major centres of
population as well as to some large users, such as gas-fired power plants. The distribution networks distribute gas at lower
pressure to local gas suppliers (municipal companies) and in some cases to larger final customers. Municipal companies deliver
gas to households and businesses. The high-pressure transmission network is approximately 40 000 km-long and is owned and
operated by 16 Transmission System Operators (TSO). These companies operate in two market areas, namely NetConnect
Germany (NCG) and Gaspool. Open Grid Europe is the largest transmission pipeline operator in Germany, with 12 000 km
network length in the NCG market area, and supplies approximately half of Germanys gas demand. Other significant TSOs are
Gascade (formerly Wingas), Gasunie, Ontras, and Thyssengas. In 2015, there were more than 700 Distribution System Operators.
The structure and ownership of the 16 TSOs in Germany has changed significantly over the past few years, owing to gas market
changes and unbundling of production and supply activities and certification for most TSOs in under way.

Owned and operated by private companies.
Transit of gas
Germany has an extensive network of pipelines transporting gas from Norway, Russia, and the Netherlands and to a lesser extent
from Denmark and the United Kingdom (through Belgium). Gas deliveries from Norway reach Germany via three pipelines Norpipe, Europipe I and Europipe II with total capacity of 54 Bcm. Gas deliveries from Russia reach Germany via three pipeline
networks Nord Stream with a capacity of 55 Bcm, Yamal with a 33 Bcm capacity, and the Ukraine pipeline system with total
capacity of 120 Bcm. Natural gas from the Netherlands is also transported to Germany via four main pipelines. The Nord Stream
pipeline system is the newest capacity addition to the cross-border connections between Germany and its gas trade partners, fully
commissioned in 2012. The system comprises of two parallel offshore natural gas pipelines from Vyborg in Russia to Greifswald in
Germany, running through the Baltic Sea. The two pipelines run at 1 224 km each, with a combined capacity of 55 Bcm.
Furthermore there is the North European Gas pipeline (NEL) which is in operation since November 2012 with a capacity of 20
Bcm. It connects with the Nord Stream pipeline to bring gas to Germany and the Netherlands. The OPAL Gas pipeline which
runs inside Germany from the Baltic Sea coast to Olbernhau on the German-Czech border has a capacity of approximately 35
Bcm. It links with the Nord Stream pipeline to bring additional Russian gas to Germany and Europe.
Regulatory features
The German Energy Law was substantially changed by the Energy Act that entered into force in July 2005. Network operations
are now unbundled from other activities of a company, e.g. supply. Transposition of the EUs Third Energy Package has brought
further changes to the law (e.g. as regards unbundling). The Act amending the German Energy Law entered into force on 4th
August 2011. Specific energy regulators were established on the federal (Federal Network Agency), and the Lnder level.
According to the legal framework network access fees first needed ex ante authorisation of the regulator. This cost plus regulation
was replaced by an incentive regulation granting revenue-caps to the network operators, following decisions by the Federal
Network Agency. Revenue caps are now being set for the operators of those trunk lines. Network access is granted according to a
non-discriminatory entry-exit-system.
Since 1.1.2009 an incentive regulation encourages system operators to run the system more efficiently. The regulatory
authorities grant system operators revenue caps that are based on a benchmark of costs connected to the system operation.
Approved revenue caps are then transposed into non-discriminatory network access fees charged to a customer.
Distribution
The German Energy Act obliges the German gas TSOs to prepare a joint national gas grid development plan every year and
submit it to BNetzA, the Federal Network Agency. The ten-year development plan has to contain all measures and steps
necessary for optimisation, enhancement and expansion of the gas grids to satisfy forecast demand, and ensure security of supply.
In December 2015, the TSOs published the Gas Grid Development Plan 2015 (NEP Gas 2015), determining the long-term
capacity requirements to 2025. NEP Gas 2015 outlined 85 projects with an investment value of EUR 3.5 billion, mainly focusing
on new pipelines and pressure regulating and metering stations (conversion of low to high calorific gas).
Production
There are six producers with an output of more than 8 Bcm in 2015.
GERMANY
Greece
DESFA (TSO) owns and operates the transmission system and the Revithoussa LNG Terminal. DESFA is a 100%
subsidiary of DEPA (gas supplier), the vertically integrated incumbent. DEPA is owned by the Greek state (65%) and
Hellenic Petroleum (35%). The model of Independent Transmission Operator has been adopted in order to be compliant
with the EU Directive 2009/73, and DESFA is fully unbundled from DEPA.

DESFA owns and operates the LNG terminal at Revithoussa. The exploitation of the underground nearly depleted gas
field of South Kavala as a gas storage facility is being investigated.
Regulatory features
The Regulatory Authority for Energy (RAE) regulates all energy markets (electricity, gas and oil) and its role has been
significantly enhanced and strengthened through changes in legislation in recent years.
The gas market has been gradually opened to competition since 2005. The transposition of the Third Energy Package
into the Greek Legislation (Directive 2009/73, etc) was completed and the relevant law was published on 22 August
2011. From the beginning of 2010, Greece introduced provisions for third-party access to the transmission grid and to
the Revithoussa LNG Terminal. In this context, RAE has undertaken steps towards more transparency on the gas
market by publishing monthly data on the weighted-average import price of natural gas into the National Natural Gas
System (NNGS). Additionally, in 2012 the Hellenic Competition Commission (HCC) accepted DEPAs commitments
to a market opening and effective competition (unbundling of supply-transportation contracts, gas release procedures,
reduced capacity booking at the interconnection points). In 2014, following consultation with DEPAs customers and in
collaboration with RAE, the HCC accepted a proposal from DEPA to partly revise the commitments adopted with the
aforementioned Decision of the HCC. Specifically, it accepted to amend the terms of the system for the supply of
natural gas through electronic auctions. The revised commitments aim to promote a more efficient procedure for
electronic auctions based on the experience accumulated so far, to increase participation in the auctions, and to deliver
more affordable natural gas to customers and wholesale suppliers. The network code has been revised twice in order to
facilitate the reselling of gas quantities among eligible customers and to incorporate the provisions of the new European
regulatory framework (congestion management procedure Code, entry/exit capacity allocation system using virtual
trading point). Currently, all customers are free to choose their supplier, with the exception of households and small
(less than 100 000 Wh) customers in the concession areas of the three local distribution companies (EPAs).
Recently, (Law 4336/2015 & Law 4337/2015) introduced, among others, a series of revisions to the provisions of Law
4001/2011 calling for two main changes: A) The operational and legal unbundling of the three bundled distribution and
supply companies (EPAs) that were operating under concession contracts in the three main geographic areas of Attiki,
Thessalia and Thessaloniki since 2001. The law provides the legal and operational unbundling of the three EPAs by
01.01.2017, as well as DEPA, and the establishment of four new Gas Distribution Companies (EDA Attiki, EDA
Thessaloniki, EDA Thessalia and EDA Remaining Greece), which will be Gas Distribution System Operators in
Greece. B) The full eligibility of all gas customers in Greece to choose their gas supplier by 1.1.2018.
Distribution
There are three EPAs: Attiki (Athens), Thessaloniki and Thessalia. Until recently, only DEPA was authorised to form
new distribution companies; through tenders, DEPA had the right to cede the exploitation but not the ownership of such
companies to minority shareholders, holding 51% of the shares in EPAs. ENI owns 49% of EPA Thessaloniki and EPA
Thessalia, while the minority shareholder (49%) of EPA Attiki is Shell Gas B.V. The establishment of new distribution
companies in the areas of Sterea Ellada, Central Macedonia, and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace were considered as an
option, but two international tenders concluded unsuccessfully. An EU Directive third-party access (TPA) derogation
has been granted to the three existing EPAs for a 30-year period. For the three new EPAs, a derogation period from
TPA of 10 years has been granted to the distribution company of Sterea Ellada, and of 20 years to the other two.
Production
Domestic production is negligible from South Kavala and Prinos fields. Meanwhile, exploration activities are underway
in Ioannina, Katakolo and West Patraikos concession areas.
GREECE
Hungary
FGSZ Natural Gas Transmission Limited (FGSZ Ltd.), a subsidiary of integrated oil and gas company MOL Plc.
provides all natural gas transmission services. From 28 June 2012 FGSZ Ltd. has followed the ITO model
according to the Third Energy Package.
The interconnector between Slovakia and Hungary is completed, and operational. The interconnector is operated
by Hungarian Gas Transit Ltd. The accreditation procedure of the company according to the Third Energy
Package ended in March 2015.

Hungarian Gas Storage Ltd (previously: E.ON Natural Gas Storage Plc) (100%-owned by MVM Hungarian
Electricity Plc), owns and operates 4 storage facilities (Hajdszoboszl, Zsana, Kardoskt and Pusztaederics),
with a working capacity of 4.43 Bcm and a withdrawal capacity of 53 Mcm/day.
MMBF Ltd. (51%-owned by MFB Hungarian Development Bank Plc., 49%-owned by MSZKSZ (Hungarian
Hydrocarbon Stockpiling Association) operates the existing strategic and commercial storage (Szreg-1). The
strategic storage has 1.2 Bcm working gas capacity and 20 Mcm/day withdrawal capacity, and the commercial
storage has 0.7 Bcm working gas capacity and 5 Mcm/day withdrawal capacity.
Transit of gas
There is transit of gas to Serbia, and import/export points are connecting Hungary to Slovakia, Romania, Croatia
and Ukraine. The Romanian deliveries started in 2010 and the Croatian deliveries commenced in 2011, the
Ukrainian in 2012, and the Slovakian in 2015.
Regulatory features
The Hungarian gas market was opened to competition on 1 July 2007. More reforms were introduced in 2008,
under the new Gas Act (Act 40). The Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority (HEA), formerly
known as Hungarian Energy Office (HEO), is the regulator for natural gas. Besides setting the network usage fees
and the conditions of their appliance it also contributes to the implementation of the Network Code in the
Hungarian legislation which provides for transparent and non-discriminatory access to the network for all user
groups.
Transmission tariffs
The legal framework of transmission tariff regulation is based on the decree of Minister of National Development
The Authority determines the actual tariffs from July of 2013 and also the conditions of their appliance.
Transmission, distribution and storage charges are revised annually for the beginning of each gas year (on the 1st
of October).
Distribution
There are 10 distribution companies in Hungary, five of which are regional companies supplying more than
100 000 customers: E.ON Kzp-dunntli Gzhlzati Zrt, E.ON Dl-dunntli Gzhlzati Zrt, FGZ
Fldgzelosztsi Kft, TIGZ-DSO Fldgzeloszt Kft. and GZ-DGZ Fldgzeloszt Zrt.
Production
Producers: MOL Plc. and Hungarian Horizon Energy Ltd.
HUNGARY
Ireland
Gas Networks Ireland is responsible for operating, maintaining and developing the natural gas transportation
system in Ireland.
The Gas Networks Ireland transmission system includes onshore Scotland, interconnectors and the Republic of
Ireland (ROI) system. The interconnector system comprises of two subsea interconnectors between ROI and
Scotland; compressor stations at Beattock and Brighouse Bay, and 110 km of onshore pipeline between Brighouse
Bay and Moffat in Scotland. The Interconnector (IC) system connects to the GB NTS at Moffat in Scotland. It
also supplies gas to the Northern Ireland market at Twynholm and the Isle of Man market via the second subsea
Interconnector (IC2)
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
Regulated Third Party Access: The Commission for Energy Regulation (CER) regulates both the gas and the
electricity industries. A Code of Operations, approved by the CER, is in place. A revised Code, providing for an
Entry/Exit based gas transportation regime, applies since April 2005. Market opening of all sectors, apart from the
residential market, occurred on 1 of July 2004. Full market opening occurred in July 2007.
The CER is responsible for the regulation of gas transmission and distribution tariffs, which are published.
Transmission level tariffs are entry-exit based. Distribution tariffs are postage stamp based for the whole country.
Distribution
Owned and operated by Gas Networks Ireland.
Production
Up to the end of 2015 the majority of Irelands gas demand (over 90%) was met by UK imports with the
remaining gas supplied from indigenous reserves from Kinsale Energy through the Inch Entry Point.
The Corrib Gas Field commenced production in late December 2015 and it is expected that approximately 55% of
the Gas Networks Ireland annual system demand will be provided from the Bellanaboy Entry Point in its first full
year of commercial production (2016/17), with the Inch and Moffat Entry Points providing the remaining 5% and
40% respectively.
IRELAND
Israel
The transmission network is owned and operated by Israel Natural Gas Lines Ltd which is 100% state-owned.
There are currently around 530 km of transmission pipeline in operation, with an extension of approximately 160
km under construction or planned by end of 2017.
Regulatory features
The Natural Gas Authority was established in accordance with the Natural Gas Industry Law, 2002. The Natural
Gas Authority is the regulatory body of the industry. All license- and infrastructure-owners are obligated to
provide their services to all consumers and those who wish to become consumers, (subject to license conditions),
equally and without discrimination. They are also forbidden from stipulating service provision upon any
condition.
Distribution
The distribution network is divided into six geographically separate regions. Each region is to be managed by a
single distribution license-holder. Distribution licenses are awarded by way of tender, all 6 licenses were awarded
(Central, Negev, South, the northern regions and Jerusalem).
Production
Supply from Tamar began in April 2013. Leviathan development is being planned.
LNG
A buoy was installed by INGL and operates since January 2013 in order to close the demand-supply gap in 20132015 and serve as a backup to the natural gas market.
ISRAEL
Italy
All but a few pipelines are owned and operated by SNAM Rete Gas.
SNAM Rete Gas is a regulated company owned by the integrated group SNAM SpA.

The storage system consists of 10 onshore depleted fields mostly located in the North. Eight are owned and
operated by Stoccaggi Gas Italia (Stogit a legally unbundled entity owned by SNAM SpA), and the remaining
two are owned and operated by Edison Stoccaggio.

Some Italian companies own participations in gas pipelines, as well as in other gas infrastructures, in Tunisia,
Switzerland, Germany, Austria, France and the UK.
Transit of gas
Transport capacity is available to Slovenia trough Gorizia (IT)/empeter (SI) interconnection point and to Austria
trough Tarvisio (IT)/Arnoldstein (AT) via TAGs reverse flow. Virtual and physical transit capacities are also
available to northern Europe markets through Switzerland. Former transit from Algeria to Slovenia has formally
been dismissed.
Regulatory features
Regulated TPA to all facilities including transmission, storage and LNG terminals are based on published tariffs.
There is an independent regulatory authority (the National Regulatory Authority, NRA) for tariffs, dispute
settlements and other gas-related matters. There has been legal unbundling of transportation, distribution, selling,
import and production activities. Storage must be unbundled from other activities, with unbundling of accounts
from transmission. Legislation introduced exemption from TPA to newly-built LNG terminals, pipelines and new
storage sites according to European Union law.
The NRA fixes tariffs for authorised shippers by considering a matrix mechanism.
Distribution
There are approximately 230 local distribution companies.
Selling activities
There are 447 companies authorized to sell natural gas, and they are legally unbundled from distribution
operators.
Production
Eni produces 85% of the domestic gas. Other important producers are the Edison Group, Royal Dutch Shell and
Gas Plus.
ITALY
Japan
No nationally integrated transmission pipeline network.

Storage tanks linked to LNG receiving terminals owned and operated by terminal owners.

Participation in LNG facilities abroad.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
Almost all parties that construct pipelines, including new entrants, are granted public utility privileges, while the
remainder is given special consideration. In April 2007 the scope of retail choice was expanded from consumers
with annual contract volume of 1 Mcm and above to those with annual contract volume of 0.5 Mcm and above.
The deregulated segment represents 63% of the gas utilities markets.
The major gas transportation companies are required to publish their tariffs and supply conditions for Third Party
Access.
Distribution
There are 207 private or local government gas utilities (August 2014).
Production
Producers include JAPEX and INPEX.
JAPAN
Korea
Nationwide trunk line is owned and operated by Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS), a state-owned monopoly.

KOGAS owns and operates the LNG receiving terminals in Pyeongtaek, Incheon, Tongyeong and Samcheok
(which became operational in July 2014). POSCO owns and operates the LNG receiving terminal in Gwangyang.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
The Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) regulates KOGAS wholesale of gas with detailed rate of
return/cost of service regulation. Local governments regulate distribution companies retail business. Limited
open access to transmission and storage for big consumers.
The government plans for a complete restructuring of the gas sector, including the introduction of competition at
the wholesale level, open access to the gas grid, and eventual retail competition.
Included in wholesale price of KOGAS.
Distribution
There are 32 private distribution companies (town gas) and 39 power plants.
Production
Korea began commercial gas production for the first time at Tonghae-1 in July 2004. Tonghae-1 is expected to
produce 400 000 tons of natural gas annually for 15 years.
KOREA
Luxembourg
On 5 February 1974 SOTEG was found as SOTEG S.A. (Socit de Transport de Gaz) for securing the transport
of natural gas from Belgium within Luxembourg. Its founding shareholders had been the State of Luxembourg
(50%), the Luxembourg steel enterprise Aciries Runies de Burbach-Eich-Dudelange, ARBED (45%), and the
metallurgical plant MMR-A (5%). In 1998 the shareholding structure has changed as followed: 21% State of
Luxembourg, 20% ARCELOR MITTAL, 20% E.ON, 19% CEGEDEL, 10% Saar-Ferngas, 10% SNCI.
Since the 1st July 2009 SOTEG, Cegedel and Saar Ferngas merged towards ENOVOS International, the holding
company of CREOS in which the TSO and DSO activities for electricity and gas are represented.
The new shareholders of ENOVOS International are: Luxembourg government 28.3%, SNCI 10.8%,
ArcelorMittal 25.3%, RWE 19.8%, E.ON 10.8%, and Electrabel 5.1%.
Creos key figures:

Length of natural gas grid (HP, MP, BP): 2 027 km
Total grid capacity: 319 000 Nm3/h
Number of connected customers: +/- 50 000
Number of employees: 663
For further information please refer to the website www.creos.lu
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
Regulated Third Party Access and accounts unbundling. There is one regulatory authority for gas, electricity and
telecommunication. New regulatory provisions came into force in June 2001.
Transportation charges regulated and published.
LUXEMBOURG
Mexico
Most transmission pipelines are owned and operated by Pemex; however, since 1995, when private investment
was allowed among transportation, storage and distribution activities, a number of private pipelines have come in
to operation and others are being built; one of them in joint ownership with PEMEX. All publicly owned
distribution grids were divested before 1995, and many new ones, privately owned, are operating or being
developed.
On December 21, 2013 as a result of Energy Reform, the National Center of Natural Gas Control (CENAGAS)
was created, as responsible for the management, administration and operation of the natural gas transport
infrastructure.

Currently, there are no storage facilities in Mexico (except for the LNG terminals), however, ownership of the
storage capacity can be public or private, and both are required to obtain permission from the Energy Regulatory
Commission (CRE). Deliveries are modulated by line-pack, but natural gas local market is growing and it is
expected that in the next few years Mexico will have to develop projects for natural underground gas storage.
The Secretariat of Energy (SENER) is the authority to establish public policy to ensure the natural gas supply, for
which it will dictate the measures applicable to storage levels that the country required for this fuel.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
The CRE oversees transportation, storage and distribution, activities that need permission from the CRE. Open
access is mandatory since the reforms to the sector in 1995.
Hydrocarbons industrial activities, such as the processing of natural gas, must obtain federal permits by SENER.
Except where competitive conditions exist, tariffs are regulated by the CRE, which establishes a maximum tariff
but allows freely negotiated rates below this level to be agreed.
LNG terminals
In October 2006 Altamira LNG terminal started operations through the regasification of natural gas coming from
Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago and Egypt to feed power stations. Another LNG terminal, located in Ensenada in
the northwest of Mexico started operations in May 2008. A third terminal, located in Manzanillo started
operations in March 2012.
MEXICO
Netherlands
Gasunie Transport Services B.V. has been the operator of the national gas transmission system since July 2005.
This independent operator is a 100% subsidiary of N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie, with its own management.
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie retains legal and economic ownership of the transmission grid.

The Facilities Norg and Grijpskerk are owned and operated by NAM (Norg, Grijpskerk). The Facility in Alkmaar
is owned and operated by Taqa.
The new storage initiative near Zuidwending in The Netherlands, owned and operated by Gasunie, came into
operation in January 2011. The caverns are filled with low calorific gas, expansion is planned for 2013. Nuon has
the option to develop caverns with high calorific gas. There is also salt cavern capacity for the benefit of the
Dutch market just across the German border owned by several parties.
The storage Bergermeer, owned by Taqa, is currently under construction and will start its operations mid 2014.
The official opening of the storage is foreseen for April 2015.
Transit of gas
Norwegian and Russian gas to Belgium, France and the UK.
There is possibly other transit, but this can not be clearly identified as Gas Transport Services (GTS) has a
decoupled entry exit system. For example: LNG from the Gate terminal in the Netherlands can flow to various
countries in North West Europe.
Regulatory features
The Gas Act was changed in 2012 because of the Third European Energy Package. At the moment there is fully
regulated access.
Gasunie Transport Services is one of the founding companies of PRISMA, the European capacity booking
platform. Via PRISMA, Gasunie Transport Services implements the first European Network Code (NC CAM)
well ahead of the stated implementation deadlines, thereby contributing to cross-border harmonisation which
enhances the functioning of North West European gas markets even further.
On the basis of the network operators proposals, the Dutch regulator (ACM Chamber) establishes the tariffs and
conditions for gas transmission. From 2014 onwards there will be a new Method Decision.
Distribution
Distribution is carried out by nine local companies.
Production
The Netherlands have a liberalised upstream regime with a dozen producing companies. A substantial part of the
production is realised by the small fields consisting of on-shore and off-shore fields.
The other part is produced by the Groningen concession. NAM is both the holder and operator of the Groningen
concession. The former 80 Bcm national production ceiling is replaced by a cap on Groningen (the Slochteren
field) production only. This means a maximum production limit for Groningen of 425 Bcm for a period of
10 years (2006-2015 and 2011-2020). As a consequence of earthquakes in the Groningen field, for the year 2015 a
yearly production limit of 30 Bcm has been set. In 2016 a decision will be taken on the production in 2016 and
subsequent years.
NETHERLANDS
New Zealand
New Zealand has a 2 600 kilometre-long natural gas transmission network that transports natural gas under high
pressure from the production centres to the distribution networks. The two major gas transmission pipelines are
the Vector transmission network (to most major North Island cities) and the Maui Pipeline.
Vector sold its gas transmission and non-Auckland distribution network to First State in April 2016. The 313 km
Maui Pipeline, which runs from the Oaonui Production Station (south of New Plymouth) to Huntly Power Station
(south of Auckland) in the North Island of New Zealand, has also been bought by First State, subject to regulatory
approval. Both gas transmission pipelines are operated under an Open Access Regime, allowing third parties to
ship gas along the pipelines.

There is one gas storage facility that has been developed. Located at the depleted onshore Tariki/Ahuroa gas field,
the facility is owned by Contact Energy. Gas started to be injected in December 2008 and the facility was
completed in May 2011. By the end of 2015, almost 15 PJ of gas was stored at the facility. Extraction capacity is
estimated to be 1.1 Mcm per day from four wells.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
Open-access, increasing regulatory oversight founded on information disclosure (pursuant to information
requirements set out in regulations) and price thresholds regime. Distributors required disclosing information on
price, pricing policies, terms and conditions of supply, and pipeline capacity.
Transportation charged separately, posted tariffs, and disclosure of other relevant information.
Distribution
There are four distribution companies; Vector, Powerco, GasNet and Nova Energy (a subsidiary of Todd Energy).
NEW ZEALAND
Norway
Norwegian gas transportation relates to offshore upstream gas pipelines to continental Europe and UK in addition
limited domestic downstream distribution.
Ownership is organized in joint ventures, where Gassled is the largest. Gassco is a state owned company
established to operate the gas export pipelines and terminals as an independent transportation system
operator (TSO).

No onshore storage facilities. Participation in storage facilities in Germany. Storage agreement in France.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
There is regulated access to the Norwegian upstream gas transportation systems.
Tariffs in the upstream gas transportation pipelines are set by government. The tariffs in the systems have two
types of elements:
1) operating cost elements that will cover operating costs in the system, and
2) capital cost elements that will secure the owners a fixed rate of return.
Distribution
There are some major distributors in Norway: Gasnor AS located in Karmy on the south west coast distributes
natural gas in pipelines, as well as LNG and CNG. The company owns and operates production facilities for LNG
(Karmy and Bergen). Gasnor is owned by Shell.
Lyse Gass, located in Stavanger, started with gas distribution in south west of Norway in March 2004 and also
operates a small distribution network. Lyse owns a small LNG terminal close to Stavanger.
Production
The Gas Sales Committee (GFU) was abolished from 1 January 2001 and producers are free to market their gas
directly. Although Petoro and Statoil holds the majority of production and operatorship licenses, international oil
and gas companies as well as European gas companies are active.
NORWAY
Poland
The transmission services are being carried out by state-owned GAZ-SYSTEM Joint Stock Company. In 2011 GAZSYSTEM became the owner of the transmission network, after having leased the network from 2005. On 30 June 2004, the
President of the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) granted a concession to GAZ-SYSTEM for the transmission and
distribution of gas in the period 2004-2014, which was later extended until 31 December 2030. On 18 September 2006, the
Extraordinary General Meeting resolved to transform the limited liability company into a joint-stock company. On
18 December 2006 GAZ-SYSTEM was designated as the operator of the gas transmission network until 1 July 2014 and, by
the decision of 13 October 2010, until 31 December 2030. By the decision of the President of ERO of 22 September 2014
GAZ-SYSTEM has been certified as compliant with the requirements of the directive 2009/73/EC in operating its network.

Storage facilities are owned by PGNiG. They are operated by PGNiG subsidiary Storage System Operator LLC, established
in 2010 in order to comply with the rules on legal and functional unbundling as provided for in III Energy Package. The
company was granted licence for gaseous fuels storage on 16 May 2012 and acts as the operator of the storage system from 1
June 2012. The SSO is required to offer enough capacity in storage facilities in order to meet the market demand. The current
storage capacity, which is offered in line with TPA rule, is of about 2.7 Bcm.
Ownership and operation of LNG facilities

The objective of the Polskie LNG Company is to construct and operate the LNG terminal in winoujcie. In the first stage of
operation, the LNG terminal will enable the re-gasification of 5 Bcm per year. If the demand of gas will grow, it will be
possible to increase the dispatch capacity up to 7.5-10Bcm. On 27 April 2016 LNG terminal was granted occupancy permit.
First commercial delivery is scheduled for July 2016 r.
Transit of gas
The governmental gas transit agreement signed with Russia on 25 August 1993 regulates transit of gas from the Russia to
Western Europe via the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline. This pipeline is a part of the system connecting, through Belarus and
Poland, gas fields in the Russia with networks in Western Europe. The Polish section of Yamal-Europe pipeline is owned by
EuRoPol GAZ S.A. - a joint venture of the Polish PGNiG (48% of shares), Russian OAO Gazprom (48%) and Polish GasTrading S.A. (4%) and is operated by GAZ-SYSTEM. The President of ERO issued a decision on 17 November 2010
appointing GAZ-SYSTEM as the independent system operator (ISO) of the Polish section of the Yamal-Europe pipeline.
Pursuant to this decision, the company will perform this function until 31 December 2025. The President of ERO has certified
GAZ-SYSTEM as compliant with the requirements of the directive 2009/73/EC in operating Yamal pipeline.
Regulatory features
The Energy Regulatory Office, an independent regulator, was established in 1997. The President of ERO grants licences for
storage, transmission and distribution, domestic trade, import and export, liquefaction and regasification. The Energy Law
guarantees third party access to the gas network and right to freely choose the supplier. In the Act of 26 July 2013, the
independence of the President was further strengthened.
Transmission tariffs on the GAZ-SYSTEM and distribution tariffs are approved by the President of ERO. Tariffs applied by
the operator for transmission services provided with the use of the Polish section of the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline are
calculated by the owner of the network - EuRoPol GAZ S.A and are approved by the President of ERO, and collected by
GAZ-SYSTEM.
Distribution
On 1 July 2013 previous six biggest distribution gas operators were merged into one company - PGNiG SPV 4, later named
PSG Sp. z o.o. In addition, many smaller suppliers also operate their distribution networks.
Production
The Minister of Environment grants licences for exploration, prospecting and exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits. The
leading company in this field is PGNIG responsible for 98% of production.
POLAND
Portugal
In 2006, following Council of Ministers Resolution 169/2005 of 24 September, the Portuguese government decided to concentrate all
natural gas transportation and electricity transmission infrastructure in one regulated business. Accordingly, the concession for gas
transmission was transferred from Transgs, Sociedade Portuguesa de Gs natural to REN Gasodutos. The new concession lasts for a
period of 40 years. REN Gasodutos is part of Redes Energticas Nacionais (REN), which owns and operates all gas and electrical
transmission infrastructure.

Portugal uses underground storage facilities in Carrio and LNG tanks in Sines terminal for the storing of natural gas. There are two
operators active in the underground gas storage sector REN Armazenagem and Transgs Armazenagem. The activity is operated on
a public-service concession basis and each facility is subject to regulated third-party access (TPA). As part of the restructuring of the
national natural gas system in 2006, some underground storage assets were transferred to a new underground storage operator, REN
Armazenagem, which is part of the REN group, while some assets remained in the hands of Transgs. Six cavities are in operation
two owned by Transgs and four owned by REN Armazenagem. With the start-up of the 6th cavity by the end of 2014, the total
storage capacity will increased to 3 839 GWh. The plans for construction of additional underground caverns in Carrio have been
postponed due to the recent economic and financial downturn and to the need of a reassessment of security of supply. In 2006,
ownership and responsibility for operation of the LNG terminal in Sines was transferred from Transgs Atlntico, owned by
Transgs, to REN Atlntico (part of REN). The terminal was revamped and expanded between 2009 and 2012, namely in terms of
storage and extraction capacity. With the finalization of the commissioning of the new facilities in May 2012, the terminal currently
has three tanks in operation with a combined storage capacity of 390 000 cm of LNG (2 569 GWh).
The Sines LNG terminal is a strategic asset for Portugal and allows the reception of large ships (Qflex class). The actual
configuration of Sines will allow to receive LNG cargoes not only from the Atlantic basin but also from further sources, namely from
Qatar, allowing sources diversification and increasing security of supply. Smaller market players can also have access to the terminal.
Transit of gas
In 2013, natural gas represented 17.3% of Total Primary Energy Consumption (TPEC) for Portugal, and 10% of Total Final Energy
Consumption (TFEC). Natural gas transported through the Portuguese transmission network is mainly for consumption in electricity
sector (46.7% in 2013). In 2013 the industrial sector represented 69.2% of the final consumption of natural gas (6.9% of TFEC),
while 30.1% was consumed by domestic and services sectors (3.1% of TFEC). The transportation agreements that allocated transit
capacity to the Spanish TSO through the Portuguese transmission system were terminated in the end of 2010. Currently the
Portuguese high pressure system operates as a single entry-exit zone and shippers are free to decide whether to import or export gas
through the existing interconnection points between the two adjacent gas systems.
Regulatory features
The natural gas market in Portugal developed later than elsewhere in Europe, following a derogation period delaying the
transposition of the 2003/55/CE Directive into national legislation. The process of restructuring the natural gas sector began in 2006
with the approval of Decree-Law 30/2006 of 15 February, which defined the general principles for the organisation and operation of
the National Natural Gas System. The law also transposed Directive 2003/55/EC into national law and mandated the unbundling
(legal separation) of the LNG regasification facility at Sines, the natural gas transportation grid and part of the natural gas storage
assets, from the previous incumbent Transgs and the sale of these to Rede Eltrica Nacional (REN), the Portuguese electricity
transmission grid operator. The transposition of the third gas Directive was initiated in 2011 and was finalised in 2012 with the
Decree-law 230/2012 and 231/2012, which amends the 2006 law.
The Portuguese natural gas system is based upon a full ownership unbundling model. Access to the transmission system and
remaining natural gas infra-structures underground storage and LNG terminal - is fully regulated and subject to TPA tariffs
approved by ERSE (the Energy Services Regulatory Authority).
Distribution
Natural gas distribution in Portugal is organised into six local distribution companies (LDCs) under 40-year concessions awarded by
the state and five autonomous network operators (AGUs) administered under 20-year licensing agreements. The six concession
holders are Beirags, Lisboags, Lusitaniags, Portgs, Setgs and Tagusgs, and five AGUs: Dianags, Sonorgs (ex-Dourogs),
Duriensegs, Medigs and Paxgs. While the concession areas are connected to the transmission network, the autonomous grids are
in some cases (in less densely populated areas) supplied by natural gas tankers. The legal basis for the natural gas distribution
concessions was established in Decree-Law 140/2006 of 26 July and contracts with the concession holders were signed in
April 2008.
PORTUGAL
Slovak Republic
Since 2013 the gas transmission system is owned and operated by Eustream, a.s. which is a 100% subsidiary of
SPP Infrastructure, a.s..

Underground gas storage facilities are owned and operated by two companies - NAFTA a.s. (shareholders:
56.15% SPP Infrastructure, a.s., 40.45% Czech Gas Holding Investments, and 3.40% others) and POZAGAS a.s.
(shareholders: 35% SPP Infrastructure, a.s., 35% NAFTA, and 30% GDF International).
Transit of gas
The Slovak Republic is a major transit country for Russian gas delivered to: the Czech Republic, Germany,
Austria, France, Italy, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. Total volume of transited gas in 2014 was 46.5 Bcm.
Regulatory features
The Regulatory Office for Network Industries was established in 2001. It regulates prices for gas transmission and
gas distribution. Also maximum prices for household customers are set by this Office.
Transmission tariffs are based on an entry/exit principle. Prices are defined, taking into account international
comparison of transmission fees and existing transit contracts, in order to ensure non-discriminatory access to the
network.
Distribution
More than 40 licenses were awarded for small local distribution network operators in the territory of Slovak
Republic. SPP - Distribucia, a.s. (100% subsidiary of Infrastructure, a.s.) is the owner and operator of the main
distribution network. Distribution tariffs are based on a postage stamp principle.
Production
Small: under 100 Mcm in 2013.
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Slovenia
The natural gas transmission network is owned and operated by the company Plinovodi. The transmission system
operator Plinovodi has been owned by the company Geoplin since 1 January 2005, which is a supplier of natural
gas.
Transit of gas
The Slovenian gas transmission network is connected with the gas transmission networks of Austria
(interconnection point in Cerak), Italy (interconnection point in empeter) and Croatia (interconnection point in
Rogatec).
Regulatory features
The operation of the natural gas transmission system and the operation of the natural gas distribution systems are
regulated in Slovenia. The activity of operating the natural gas transmission network is carried out as a national
mandatory public service. The provider of this service is the company Plinovodi. According to the Third Energy
Package and Act amending the Energy Act (EZ-1) the legal person who operates the transmission system network
has to own the entire network system and meet all legal requirements for carrying out the tasks of the independent
transmission system operator for natural gas (ITO). In 2012, the gas company Plinovodi fulfilled all the
requirements for carrying out the tasks of ITO and was successfully certified.
The regulated activity of operating the natural gas distribution systems is carried out as an optional local public
service. In Slovenia, 15 companies for natural-gas distribution provided this service in 2014.
The price for the use of networks consists of the network charge and the supplement intended for the operation of
the Energy Agency. The network charge is used for financing the costs of the system operators and the costs of
ancillary services. The network charges for the transmission and distribution networks are set by the system
operators, with an approval from the Energy Agency, while the supplement is set by the Government. The
network charge depends on the leased contractual transmission capacity, the transported quantities of natural gas,
the type of metering device used, and taking into account other parameters of the methodology for charging the
network charge. The network charge for a three-year period is set by the gas transmission system operator by the
public authority with the Act Setting the Network Charge for the Gas Transmission Network. From 1 January
2013 the transmission users are charged for the following elements: network charge for entry points, network
charge for exit points, network charge for own use, network charge for measurements. The transmission network
charges for the distribution networks include the costs related to the use of exit points on the transmission
network. The network charges for the gas distribution networks are not the same for all typical customers in
different distribution areas, as their prices reflect different costs of the system operators in individual areas. The
network charges for the distribution networks include also the costs related to the use of exit points in the
transmission network.
Distribution
The distribution of natural gas can be organised within a public company established by a local community, or
regulated with a concession act between the concessionaire and the local community as the awarding authority.
The tasks of the gas distribution system operators are listed in the provisions of the Energy Act; these tasks mainly
include the following: the distribution of natural gas, the operation, maintenance and development of a
distribution network and the provision of the long-term network capacity.
Production
Slovenia does not have its own natural gas resources, and it is totally dependent on foreign sources.
SLOVENIA
Spain
The Spanish Gas Transmission System is owned and operated by ENAGS and other small transmission companies.
ENAGS owns around 95% (~11 000 km.) of the high pressure grid (operated at 72/80 bar). ENAGS is a fully
independent company listed in the Madrid stock exchange since June 2002.
Ownership and operation of storage and LNG facilities

In Spain, there are four underground gas storages: Serrablo (820 Mcm), Gaviota (1546 Mcm), Yela (1050 Mcm) owned
by ENAGS and Marismas (686 Mcm) owned by Gas Natural. There are six LNG facilities in operation: three of them
(Barcelona, Cartagena and Huelva) are owned and operated by ENAGS, one by BBG (Bilbao, 50% owned by
ENAGS), one by SAGGAS (Sagunto, 30% owned by Enagas) and one by REGANOSA (El Ferrol Mugardos).
Another LNG plant (El Musel Gijn), whose construction has been completed.. Moreover, the construction of two
new LNG terminals in the Canary Islands is being planned.

Spain has two international links (non-EU) with Algeria. Both pipelines link the Hassi R'mel field in Algeria with
Spain. The MaghrebEurope Gas Pipeline (MEGP) links it to Spain through Morocco. The Algerian section of pipeline
is owned by an Algerian energy company, Sonatrach. The company owning the transportation rights as it passes
through Morocco is EMPL. The MEDGAZ deep-water pipeline, instead, connects Beni Saf (on the Algerian coast) to
Almera (on the Spanish coast). MEDGAZ started operations in March 2011.
Regulatory features
Regulated Third Party Access to all basic gas infrastructures is based on published tariffs. ENAGS has been certified
as Transmission System Operator, under the ownership unbundling regime, in accordance with Third Energy Package
provisions being also the technical manager of Spanish gas system. Comisin Nacional de los Mercados y la
Competencia (CNMC), is the independent regulator for gas, oil and electricity as well as other sectors. Entry-Exit tariffs
within a single balancing zone apply in the whole gas system. The regulator is currently reviewing the entry-exit tariff
regime. The Spanish gas market is a transparent system and publishes more information than required by the EU
regulation and also contributes to transparency initiatives which have been undertaken by the European Network of
Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG), Gas Storage Europe (GSE) and Gas LNG Europe (GLE) and is
complying with EU Regulation 1227/2011 on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency. Moreover, the
Spanish Gas system complies with the GGPSSO (Guidelines for Good Practice for Storage System Operators) and the
GGPLNG (Guidelines for Good Practice for LNG system operators). Royal Decree 13/2012 was adopted in 2012 and
transposes the gas directive 73/2009 into national law, even though Spain had already implemented most provisions of
the Third Energy Package before its transposition. ENAGS is actively participating within ENTSOG - which is
undertaking the tasks established under the Third Energy Package mainly including the development of network codes,
TYNDP etc, and the already approved Network Codes are currently being implemented.
Transport, LNG and UGS tariffs are cost-based, regulated, and are published by the Ministry of Industry, Energy and
Trade in the official gazette (BOE).
Distribution
The majority of the existing 17 distribution companies belong to 4 main groups: GAS NATURAL, Grupo EDP,
Madrilea Red de Gas and REDEXIS.
Liberalisation process
As from 2003 all customers, including residential, became eligible and, following EU legislation/regulation a tariff of
last resort was approved. New entrants account for approximately 75% of total supplies to the liberalised TPA market.
Production
National Production in Spain represents approximately 0.5% of total entries into the Spanish gas system.
SPAIN
Sweden
Swedegas AB is the owner of the Transmission system.

Only one small storage facility in Sweden, owned by Swedegas.
Transit of gas
No transit of gas.
Regulatory features
Regulated access. Ex ante revenue cap set by the National Regulatory Authority (NRA).
Regulated and published. Methodology approval by the NRA.
Distribution
Five distributors in Sweden: E.ON Gas Sverige AB, Gteborg Energi Gasnt AB, resundskraft AB, Kraftringen
Nt AB, and Varberg Energi AB.
Production
None.
SWEDEN
Switzerland
Owner and operator of the transit transmission system: Transitgas (owned by Swissgas 51%, FluxSwiss 46% &
E.on Ruhrgas 3%). Transmission system operators: FluxSwiss about 90%, Swissgas about 10%.

No storage facilities but agreement with France.

None.
Transit of gas
Mainly Dutch and Norwegian gas to Italy.
Regulatory features
Legal basis for Mandatory Open Access to transmission lines.
Transitgas transports departing Wallbach to regional zones. Transportation tariffs are published.
Distribution
About 100 companies of which the seven largest supply 50% of consumption needs. The majority of the
companies are owned by cantons or municipalities. Companies have monopolies in exclusive areas with respect to
the low pressure gas transmission system. In the high pressure gas transmission system, the transport of gas by
third parties is allowed but is very limited.
Production
None.
SWITZERLAND
Turkey
Ownership and operation of the gas transmission system and storage facilities
State-owned BOTAS owns and operates the transmission system. BOTAS has signed a Natural Gas Storage and Reproduction
Services Agreement with Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) to use TPAO's two depleted gas fields in the northern part of
the Marmara Sea (Kuzey Marmara and Degirmenky) as underground storage facility. The facilities were commissioned in April
2007 and gas withdrawals started in November 2007. By the end of 2015 the capacity of storage is 2.66 Bcm with a max. 20
Mcm/d withdrawal rate and 16 Mcm/d. After having been completed the legal procedures, the capacity allocation to third party
access started on 20 April 2012 for the capacity of 0.56 Bcm, which is not contracted with BOTAS (2.1Bcm). There are two
ongoing projects to increase the capacity of these facilities; the Degirmenky Extension Project (Phase II) and the Kuzey
Marmara Extension Project (Phase III). By December 2015, 99 % of Phase II Project, has been completed and commissioning is
still ongoing. After completion of this Project, the storage capacity will reach to 2.841 Bcm with a max. 27 Mcm/d withdrawal
rate. In the Kuzey Marmara Extension Project (Phase III), an increase in existing withdrawal rate by drilling 18 more deviated
offshore wells in the Kuzey Marmara reservoir is planned. Besides, a new surface facility with a 50 Mcm/d max. withdrawal
capacity is planned to be installed next to the existing surface facility. After completion of the Extension Projects, 4.29 Bcm
storage capacity with a 75 Mcm/d max. withdrawal capacity will be reached at the end of 2020. The Tuz Gl Underground
Natural Gas Storage Project (UGS) construction is underway at approximately 40km south of Tuz Gl. On 15 June 2011, the
contract was signed with China Tianchen Engineering Corporation-TCC and construction works take place in two phases. It is
planned to reach 500 Mcm working gas capacity in 2017 and reach a total working gas capacity of 1 Bcm with a max. 30 Mcm/d
injection and 40 Mcm/d withdrawal capacities in 2020. Two other license applications for storage facilities in the southern part of
Turkey have been evaluated by EMRA and the licenses were granted in 2014.
Transit of gas
For transportation of natural gas from the Caspian region to Europe through Turkey, the Trans Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP),
which aims to carry the natural gas initially from Shah-Deniz Phase II (SD2) of Azerbaijan to the Turkish-Greece border, is
being developed. According to the project, 16 Bcm of gas is expected to be produced from SD2 field, 6 Bcm of which is to be
delivered to Turkish energy market and the remaining 10 Bcm is to be transported to Europe. The Shareholder Agreement for
the TANAP Project was signed by SOCAR, BOTAS and BP on 13 March 2015 and construction began on 17 March 2015.
Construction activities are ongoing divided in 4 separate Lots. It is envisaged that gas flow would start to Turkey in 2018 and
to Europe in 2020. Regarding the delivery of Turkmen gas to Europe (Trans Caspian Pipeline Project), the Ashgabat
Declaration was signed on 1st May of 2015 between Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey and the European Union. Pursuant to
this Declaration, a High-Level Working Group was established to negotiate a roadmap about the Project. For this purpose, the
first meeting was held on July 2015 in Brussels and second meeting was held on February 2016 in stanbul. Within the scope
of the Turkish-Bulgarian Interconnector Project, which will ensure the security and diversification of gas supplies for both
countries and the whole region, the Memorandum of Understanding on the Gas Network Interconnection between Turkey and
Bulgaria was signed on 28 March 2014. Pre-feasibility studies of the Project are ongoing.
Regulatory framework
Within the framework of the Natural Gas Market Law enacted in May 2001, BOTAS' monopoly rights were abolished on
natural gas imports, wholesales and distribution, and an Independent Regulatory Authority EMRA was established. The
natural gas market activities have been unbundled as import and export, wholesale, production, distribution, transmission and
storage of natural gas by law. By the end of 2015, EMRA has issued 56 import licenses. Moreover, 8 export licenses,
45 wholesale licenses, 1 transmission license, 16 LNG transmission licenses and 8 storage licenses has been issued by the
regulator. Among the aforementioned licenses; 9 import licenses, 1 export licences, 2 storage licenses and 1 transmission
license are held by BOTAS.
Tariffs are approved and published by EMRA. By the end of 2015, the transmission network reached to 12.812 km.
Distribution
In accordance with the Natural Gas Market Law, EMRA is assigned with the duty of conducting in city natural gas distribution
license tenders. In this framework, EMRA has conducted tenders for the purpose of selecting the firms which will be granted in city
natural gas distribution licenses. The tendering process comprises two stages: prequalification and competitive tender. In addition to
the 7 distribution companies existing before the Natural Gas Market Law, with 62 new companies who have issued their licenses as a
result of the distribution license tenders, the total number of distribution companies is now 69.
Production
The natural gas production is very limited in Turkey. In 2015, the total production was 393 Mcm.
TURKEY
United Kingdom
The main onshore transmission pipeline system is owned and operated by National Grid. The offshore pipeline
system to mainland Europe is owned by production licensees Gas Interconnectors, while the offshore pipeline
system to Ireland is owned by private companies.

Storage facilities are owned and operated by private companies. The two largest storage facilities are required to
offer TPA while the others are exempted.
Transit of gas
Transit gas to Ireland.
Regulatory features
Regulatory body, named OFGEM, oversees downstream industry. National Grid regulated by price cap formula
(RPI-X), limited in rate of return it can earn:
Offshore pipelines (except interconnectors): upstream, negotiated TPA.
Interconnectors: downstream, statutory negotiated TPA.
Onshore transmission system: regulated TPA.
Onshore transportation tariffs are published. Storage tariffs for facilities offering TPA are published as well;
storage capacity of the peak shaving LNG facilities is auctioned while other tariffs are negotiated. Transportation
tariffs are zonal. A Network Code is in place. Offshore tariffs are negotiated and are published by voluntary
agreement.
Distribution
A mix of large and small, downstream gas distribution companies. There are eight gas distribution networks
(GDNs) operated by four GDN operators (National Grid Gas, Scotia Gas Networks, Northern Gas Networks and
Wales & West Utilities). The Gas Act also allows Independent Gas Transporters to develop and operate local
distribution networks.
Production
Liberal upstream regime, encouragement to export, competition.
UNITED KINGDOM
United States
Interstate and intrastate transmission pipelines transport natural gas from the producing area to market areas. Compressor stations (or
pumping stations), located strategically along the length of the pipeline network, keep the natural gas flowing forward along the
pipeline system. Gathering systems, primarily made up of small-diameter and low-pressure pipelines, move raw natural gas from the
wellhead to a natural gas processing plant or to an interconnection with a larger mainline pipeline.

The principal owners/operators of underground storage facilities are (1) interstate pipeline companies, (2) intrastate pipeline
companies, (3) local distribution companies (LDCs), and (4) independent storage service providers. There are about 128 entities that
currently operate the nearly 400 active underground storage facilities in the lower 48 states. If a storage facility serves interstate
commerce, it is subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC); otherwise, it is state-regulated.
Today, in addition to the interstate storage sites, many storage facilities owned/operated by large local distribution companies,
intrastate pipelines, and independent operators also operate on an open-access basis, especially those sites affiliated with natural gas
market centres. Open access has allowed storage to be used other than simply as backup inventory or a supplemental seasonal supply.

United States pipeline companies own and operate some pipelines abroad. For example, Kinder Morgan operates a number of
pipeline systems and terminal facilities in Canada including the Trans Mountain pipeline, the Express and Platte pipelines, the
Cochin pipeline, the Puget Sound and the Trans Mountain Jet Fuel pipelines, the Westridge marine terminal, the Vancouver Wharves
terminal in British Columbia and the North Forty terminal in Edmonton, Alberta.
In-transit natural gas

In-transit natural gas occurs in Minnesota, Michigan, and North Dakota for Canadas natural gas. In-transit gas also occurs in
California, where some of United States gas gets exported to Mexico and gets imported into the United States.
Regulatory features
Federal regulation of the interstate natural gas pipeline industry began with the passage of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) in 1938. The
NGA gave the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) the authority to establish just and reasonable rates for interstate
pipelines, which has been interpreted as a requirement for cost-of-service regulation in non-competitive markets. The NGA and
subsequent case law also gave the FERC the authority to approve the construction of pipelines and the abandonment of pipeline
service. Pipelines acquired the obligation to continue to serve their customers even after their customers' contracts had expired.
Almost all applications to FERC for interstate natural gas pipeline projects require some level of coordination with one or more other
Federal agencies. Intrastate natural gas pipelines operate within State borders and link natural gas producers to local markets and to
the interstate pipeline network. They are not jurisdictional to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Natural Gas Act (NGA) in 1938 gave the FERC the authority to establish just and reasonable rates for interstate pipelines, which
has been interpreted as a requirement for cost-of-service regulation in non-competitive markets. These rates include operating and
maintenance expenses and an allowed return on investment set as a percentage of the capital invested in facilities used to serve
customers. Pipelines must go through a lengthy, public process whenever they request rate increases, regardless of the
supply/demand balance in the underlying commodity. The FERC sets rates on a pipeline-by-pipeline basis, and approves for each
pipeline what amounts to a maximum allowable rate, or a rate cap. However, pipelines customers can and often do demand discounts
from these maximum rates, with the net outcome being that many pipeline customers pay less than the maximum rate a pipeline has
been given permission to charge by the FERC.
Distribution
Local distribution companies use distribution pipes, or mains, to bring natural gas service to most United States homes and
businesses. More than 1 000 local distribution companies deliver natural gas to end users through hundreds of thousands of miles of
small-diameter service lines. Local distribution companies reduce the pressure of the natural gas received from the high-pressure
mainline transmission system to a level that is acceptable for use in residences and commercial establishments.
Production
The largest 100 operators (as determined by total operated reserves) accounted for nearly 90 percent of proved oil and natural gas
reserves but less than one percent of all operators (which numbered over 14 000, based on data collected by EIA for the 2009
reporting year). They accounted for about 80 percent of total natural gas production. Production in the United States has grown
significantly in recent years, mostly driven by production increase from shale gas using hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling
techniques.
UNITED STATES

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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE B20/20 SERVICE

2) OECD Imports (NGIMPORT)

The IEA Natural Gas Data Service is structured into

5) World Imports (NGWIMP) to be released in

1) OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector

Contains the breakdown of imports by country of

Contains data on production, total imports and

For each of these five parts, the data is given in

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OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector (NGBALCON)

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Natural Gas (Million Cubic Metres)

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Energy Industry Own Use - Total

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OECD Imports (NGIMPORT)

iii) Import Origins

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OECD Exports (NGEXPORT)

iii) Export Destinations

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WORLD Balance (NGWBAL)

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WORLD Imports (NGWIMP)

iii) Import Origins

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All dry marketable production within national boundaries,

Natural gas produced in association with crude oil.

Natural gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons