Qualitative Method In Business

BUSN 401
FALL - 2015

Assignment 01

MEMBERS

NAME

ID

Khalfan Al Mansouri

20124014

Instructor: Dr. A. Sathakathulla

University of Modern Science

QUESTION 01:
Discuss the difference between statistics as numerical fact and statistics as a discipline?

The discipline of statistics covers several areas of science and industries, including the environment, health and
epidemiology, computer science and astronomy. Statisticians may also work in education, engineering and in other
non-science sectors such as business. Work is done primarily in an office setting, but they may also travel to sites to
collect data to analyze later.
Statisticians may work for government or in the private sector. Statistician positions generally require a graduate
degree in mathematics or statistics, but some jobs may only require a bachelor's degree. Statisticians present their
data through several graphs and plots such as pie or chart graphs, bar graphs and stem and leaf plots.
Statistics may be descriptive or inferential. Descriptive statistics describe features of the population or sample being
studied and includes measurements such as mean, median and mode. Inferential statistics involve inferring
something about the population studied. This process is done through hypothesis testing.
Question 02:
The US Department of Energy provides fuel economy information for a variety of motor vehicles. A sample of 10
autos is shown in the table below. Data show the size of the auto (compact, midsize, or large), the number of
cylinders in the engine, the city driving miles per gallon, the highway driving miles per gallon, and the
recommended fuel (diesel, premium, or regular).
a. How many elements are in this data set?
Answer: There are 10 elements or observations in this data set.
b. How many variables are in this data set?
Answer: There are 5 variables in this data set, Class, Cylinders, City MPG, Highway MPG, and Fuel Type.
c. Which variables are categorical and which are quantitative?
Answer: Class and Fuel Type are Categorical, Cylinders, City MPG and High-way MPG are quantitative.
d. What type of measurement scale is used for each of the variables?
Answer: Class and Fuel Type are nominal. Cylinders, City MPG and Highway MPG are Ratio.

Question 03:
Refer to Table 1.6.
a. What are the average miles per gallon for city driving?
Answer: The average city gas mileage is 182/10 = 18.2 mpg.
b. On average, how much higher is the fuel e ciency rating for highway driving as compared to city driving?
Answer: The average gas mileage for highway travel is 261/10 = 26.1 mpg. So that on average the average Mileage for highway
travels 7.9 mpg higher than city driving.
c. What percentages of the cars have four-cylinder engines?
Answer: Three of the 10 cars have 4 cylinders, so 30 percent are four cylinders.
d. What percentage of the cars will run on regular fuel?

Answer: Seven of the 10 cars run on regular fuel, so 70 percent run on regular fuel.

Question 12:
Construct a commulative frequency distribution and commulative relative frequency distribution?
Class
10 20 30 40 50 Total

19
29
39
49
59

Frequency
10
14
17
20
2
63

Relative
Frequency
0.1587
0.2222
0.2698
0.3174
0.0317

Cumulative
Frequency
10
24
41
61
63

Question 13:
Construct a histogram and an Ogive for the data in Exercise 12?
25
20
15
Class Frequency

10
5
0

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59

25
20
15

Commulative
Frequency

10
5
0
10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59

Question 14:
a. Construct a Dot Box?

Cumulative Relative
Frequency
0.158
0.380
0.650
0.968
0.999

b. Construct a Frequency Distribution?

c. Construct a Percent Frequency Distribution?
Class
6
8
10
12
14

7.9
9.9
11.9
13.9
15.9

Frequency
4
2
8
3
3
n= 20

Relative Frequency
0.20
0.10
0.40
0.15
0.15
1.00

Percent Frequency
20
10
40
15
15
100

Commulative Frequency
CF
4
6
14
17
20

CRF
0.20
0.30
0.70
0.85
1.00

C%F
20
30
70
85
100

Question 15:
A doctors office staff studied the waiting times for patients who arrive at the office with a request for emergency service. The
following data with waiting times in minutes were collected over a one month period.
2 5 10 12 4 4 5 17 11 8 9 8 12 21 6 8 7 13 18 3
Use classes of 0-4, 5-9, and so on in the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Show the frequency distribution?

Show the relative frequency distribution?
Show the cumulative frequency distribution?
Show the cumulative relative frequency distribution?
What proportion of patients needing emergency service waits 9 minutes or less?

Class
0
5
10
15
20

4
9
14
19
24

Frequency
4
8
5
2
1
n= 20

Relative
Frequency
0.20
0.40
0.25
0.10
0.05
1.00

Percent
Frequency
20
40
25
10
5
100.00

Commulative Frequency
CF
4
12
17
19
20

CRF
0.20
0.60
0.85
0.95
1.00

C%F
20
60
85
95
100

The number of patients with waiting time of less than 9 minutes is 12.

Question 36:
Consider a sample with data values of 27, 25, 20, 15, 30, 34, 28 and 25. Provide the five number summaries for the data?
Ordering the list:
Minimum:
Maximum:

15 20 25 25 27 28 30 34
15
34

Finding the Median:

(25 + 27) 2 = 26 = Q2

Lower half of the list:

15, 20, 25, 25, so Q1 = (20+ 25) 2 = 22.5

Upper half of the list:

27 28 30 34 so Q3 = (28 + 30) 2 = 29

Question 37:
Show the Box Plot for the data in Exercise 36?

Mininum
Value

21.2

26

29.2

Q1

Median

Q3

Maximum
Value

15

20

25

25

27

28

30

34

Question 38:
Show the five number summary and the Box Plot for the following 5, 15, 18, 10, 8, 12, 16, 10, 6?
Ordering the list:

5 6 8 10 10 12 15 16 18

Minimum:

Maximum:

18

Finding the Median:

Q2 = 10

Lower half of the list:

5 6 8 10, so Q1 = (6+ 8) 2 = 7

Upper half of the list:

12 15 16 18 so Q3 = (15 + 16) 2 = 15.5

Mininum
Value

10

Q1

Median

15.5
Q3

Maximum
Value

10

10

12

15

16

18

Question 39:

A data set has a first quartile of 42 and a third quartile of 50. Compute the lower and upper limits for the corresponding box
plot. Should a data value of 65 be considered an outlier?
Lower Limit = First Quartile - 1.5* IQR =Q1-1.5*(Q3-Q1) =42-1.5*(50-42) =42-12=30
Upper Limit = Third Quartile + 1.5* IQR =Q3+1.5*(Q3-Q1) =50+1.5*(50-42) =50+12=62
Outer fence are calculated 3 times IQR from the quartiles.
Any observation lying between upper limit and outer fence are known as suspected outlier and any observation lying outside
outer fence is known as outlier.
Outer Fence=50+3*(50-42)=74
Hence the value 65 lies between outer limit and outer fence and hence be called a suspected outlier.