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Surname:_______________________

First Name:_________________________

Student ID NO:_________________________

The University of Sydney

Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering

U3.430
Mechanics and Properties of Solid 2

Semester 2, XXXX

Time allowed: Two hours

_____________________________________________________________________

Instructions to candidates

This examination consists of four problems.

All problems are to be answered.
All the problems are worth equal marks.
Do not take this examination paper out of the room.
Books and notes are not permitted in this examination room.

_____________________________________________________________________

This examination booklet consists of 6 pages. Students are asked to check that their
booklets are complete and to indicate that they have done so by signing, as provided
below.
I have checked this booklet and affirm that it is complete.

Signature:______________________________________
Students finding an incomplete booklet should obtain a replacement from the
Examination Supervisor immediately.
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ESSENTIAL FORMULAS
(i) Equations of motion
xx xy xz
+
+
+ f x = a x ,

x
y
z

yx yy yz
+
+
+ f y = a y ,

y
z
x

zy zz
zx

+
+
+ f z = a z .
x
y
z
(ii) Strain-displacement relations:

u
,
xx =
x

v
,
yy =
y

w
zz =
,
z

xy =

1 u v
+ ,
2 y x

yz =

1 w v
+ ,.

2 y z

zx =

1 u w

+
2 z x

(iii) Generalised Hookes law:

{
{
{

yy
zz
xy

}
}
}

E
(1 ) xx + ( yy + zz ) ,
(1 + )(1 2 )
E
(1 ) yy + ( zz + xx ) ,
=
(1 + )(1 2 )
E
(1 ) zz + ( xx + yy ) ,
=
(1 + )(1 2 )
E
E
E
=
xy , yz =
yz , zx =
.
1+
1+
1 + zx

xx =

(iv) Stress transformation rule in xy-plane:

(
(

) (
)

1
1

nn = 2 xx + yy + 2 xx yy cos 2 + xy sin 2,

= 1 sin 2 + cos 2.
xx
xy
nt 2 yy

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(v) Principal strains in a plane deformation state in xy-plane:

1 1
xx yy
+ 2xy ,
= xx + yy
2 2
2

tan 2 =

2 xy
xx yy

(vi) Airy stress function for plane deformation problems:

In Cartesian coordinate system, the relations between stresses and stress function are

xx

2
= 2,
y

yy

2
= 2,
x

xx

2
.
=
xy

In polar coordinate system, they become

2
1 1 2
1 1 2
rr =
+
, = 2 , r = 2

.
r r r 2 2
r
r r r
The compatibility equation in terms of stress function is

4
4
4
+2 2 2 + 4 = 0
x 4
x y
y
if in Cartesian coordinate system and is
2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
= 0

2+
+
+
+
r r r 2 2 r 2 r r r 2 2
r
if in polar coordinate system.
(vii) Yield criteria:

Tresca criterion

1 3 = Y
von Mises criterion

2 ) + ( 2 3 ) + ( 3 1 ) = 2 Y2
2

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Problems
1. A thin plate shown in Fig. 1 is under plane stress state in xy-plane. Using the strain
gauge technique, the normal strains at a surface point in the directions as described
in the figure are obtained as xx = 0, 60 and yy = 90. If the Youngs modulus of
the plate material is E and Poissons ratio is , find the expressions of principal
stresses at the point, 1 and 2, in terms of 0, 60 and 90.
y
o
60
x

Figure 1
2. Can the following function be used as an Airy stress function?

C
2
y2 ,
3 xy 3h 4
2h

where C is an undetermined constant. If yes, can this be used to find the stresses in
the thin cantilever beam with unit thickness, as shown in Fig. 2? Why? It is known
that the applied loads at the right end of the beam are a concentrated shear force P
and a bending moment M = PL.
P
h/2

h/2

M=PL
L

Figure 2
3. Detailed stress solutions are important to the design of a deep-drawing system to
avoid flange wrinkling in the metal sheet. Figure 3 shows the schematic of an
axisymmetric deep-drawing process using an initially circular metal sheet. (i)
Provide the mechanics model for stress analysis of the flange part and specify all
the stress boundary conditions. The diameter of the die opening is 2a and the sheet
thickness is t (t<<a). The outer diameter of the flange is 2b. (ii) If you need to use
the principle of superposition to get the stresses, how would you resolve the
problem into simpler models? (Note: Detailed solutions of stresses are not
required!)
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Rigid
Flange
Holder

P1

P2

P2

Rigid
Punch

Rigid Die
Workpiece

Figure 3

4. A very large plate with a very small central hole (radius a) is subjected to a
uniform uniaxial tension T, as shown in Fig. 4. The plate is clearly under a plane
stress state. The stresses in the plate have been obtained as follows:
y

r
a

x
T

Figure 4

rr =

T a 2 T 3a 4 4a 2
1 2 + 1 + 4 2 cos 2,
2
r 2
r
r

T a 2 T 3a 4
1 + 2 1 + 4 cos 2,
2
r 2
r

T 3a 4 2a 2
r = 1 4 + 2 sin 2,
2
r
r

(i) Show that if the plate is subjected to a biaxial uniform tension, as shown in Fig. 5,
the stresses in the plate will become
rr =

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T a2
T a2
1 2 , = 1 + 2 , r = 0.
2
2
r
r

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r
a

x
T

Figure 5
(ii) Find the elastic limit tension, Te, for the case of Figure 5, if the yield stress of the
plate material is Y.