IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 28, NO.

2, MAY 2013

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tioned. As regards the correlation between the spread of data in

Fig. 7 and the spread of data due to wind direction, actually Fig. 7
is shown as a general example to compare a manufacturers power
curve, as in Fig 6, and an actual power curve in a wind farm. In
particular, unfortunately it is not the plot of same actual data used
in the analyses. Therefore, specifically there is no relation of Fig.
7 with our direction-dependent power curves. As our analyses are
based on numerical calculations, we have not worked out analytical relation yet to describe the wind power relation with wind
speed and direction together. However, based on these preliminary results and discussers comments, we will improve this idea
of direction-dependent power curves with a generalized relation
and conclusion.
4) The wind direction was not predicted using Persistence and Grey
model. The proposed method has not been compared to other
neural networks or Bayesian-based methods yet. We would consider to improve the proposed technique with automatic and adaptive tuning of the model parameters along with its comparison
with other advanced prediction techniques.
Once again, we are thankful to the discussers for their interest in our
research paper and valuable feedback.

Discussion of Online Tracking of Thvenin Equivalent

Parameters Using PMU Measurements
Maziar Vanouni, Student Member, IEEE
The authors of [1] are congratulated for presenting an interesting
technique for identifying Thvenin equivalent circuit (TEC) of a power
system, seen from a bus, using measurement data derived from phasor
measurement units (PMUs). The paper points out that PMU measurements cannot be used directly to estimate TEC parameters due to the
phase drift brought about by the continuous change of frequency in real
power systems. Therefore, a method has been presented to eliminate
the effect of the phase drift and to synchronize the PMU measurements
so that the synchronized samples can be used to identify TEC. The discusser has a comment presented as follows.
The authors derived the phase shifts, needed to make the measured
phasor samples synchronized, in [1, (12)(13)]. According to the triangulation shown in [1, Fig. 3], it is evident that the phase of vectors
and
with respect to can also be
and
, respectively, to satisfy [1, (11)]. Therefore, an alternative solution set for the phase shifts,
represented by and , can be derived as follows:
(1)
(2)
The phase shifts derived from the above equations lead to another solution set for TEC parameters according to [1, (16)(17)]. Therefore,
using the proposed method for synchronizing the samples, two solution
Manuscript received August 01, 2012; accepted January 10, 2013. Date of
publication April 04, 2013; date of current version April 18, 2013.
The author is with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
and with the Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management
(FREEDM) Systems, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
USA (e-mail: mvanoun@ncsu.edu).
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2254332

TABLE I
DATA SETS USED FOR TEC IDENTIFICATION

TABLE II
CALCULATED PHASE SHIFTS AND CORRESPONDING TEC PARAMETERS

sets are derived but the authors have not discussed the other solution.
One of the solutions is not valid considering the hints given in [2].
However, the noteworthy point is that it is not the case that the phase
shifts derived by [1, (12)(13)] always result in the valid solution and
the phase shifts derived by (1)(2) of this paper always result in the
invalid solution. The fact that which set of phase shifts yields the valid
or invalid solution depends on the measured samples. Therefore, the
discusser believes that both of the solutions are to be computed and
evaluated for a set of measurement data to achieve the correct solution.
What is claimed above is shown through a simple numerical example
,
,
in which a load is connected to a TEC with
. The load is changed randomly to generate different
and
data sets. In order to imitate the phase drift of PMUs data, the angle
of voltage and current phasors are shifted intentionally by two, five,
and ten degrees corresponding to the first, second, and third sample.
The phase shifts for making the phasor samples synchronized are computed for each data set using [1, (12)(13)] and (1)(2) in this paper,
and then, the corresponding TEC parameters are derived. The results
are presented in Tables I and II. Table I represents the voltage magnitude, active, and reactive power of taken samples for each data set.
Table II represents the calculated phase shifts and the corresponding
TEC parameters using each data set. It should be noted that in the tables, DS stands for data set and the phase shifts are presented in degrees. As it can be seen in Table II, each set of calculated phase shifts
can lead to a valid or invalid solution for TEC parameters, depending
on the set of measurement data.

REFERENCES
[1] S. M. Abdelkader and D. J. Morrow, Online tracking of Thvenin
equivalent parameters using PMU measurements, IEEE Trans. Power
Syst., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 975983, May 2012.
[2] S. A. Arefifar and W. Xu, Online tracking of power system impedance
parameters and field experiences, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no.
4, pp. 17811788, Oct. 2009.

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