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UsingGraphicsinJavaFX
March9,2015
ByManojDebnath
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JavaFXisbuiltprimarilytocreateanddeliverrichInternetapplications(RIAs)uniformly,acrossavariegatedplatform.Apartfromitscoreutility,
JavaFXisbundledwithasetofAPIsthatnotonlysupportbasicgraphicsprogrammingbutalsosomeofthehighlevel3DAPIsasapartofthecore
SDK.TheeaseandsimplicityofgraphicsprogrammingwithJavaFXisremarkablewhencomparedwithsomeofthestalwartsinthisarena,suchas
theJava3Dlibrary.BecauseJavaFXisfocusedonanUIdevelopment,itprovidessomeexcellentfeaturesfromthegroundupinthegraphicsarena
inparticular.Let'sexploresomeofitsfeatures.

JavaFXfromtheGroundUp
Beforedelvingintocode,wemustunderstandsomeofthebasicpackagesandclassesintheSDKAPIclasshierarchy.Thereareafewcommon
classes,interplayingacrucialroleandarethebasisofkickstartingagraphicscodeenvironment.Theycanbebetterunderstood,Ibelieve,ifwedraw
ananalogy.Let'screateoneaswegoalong.
Thejavafx.stagepackagecontainsthefollowing:

AStageclass,whichisatoplevelUIcontainer.Imagineitasthetheatricalstageofthedramacalledgraphicsprogramming.
AScreenclass,whichrepresentsdisplayparameterssuchassizeofthestage,resolution,andsoforth.
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Thejavafx.scenepackage(mostlyused)containstheseitems:
ASceneclass,whichisthesecondlevelcontainerwheretheacttakesplace.Itissimilartoasceneofthedramainactionoranactinmotion.
ANodeclassisanabstractbaseclassforallthegraphicalnodesinJavaFX,suchastext,images,media,shapes,andsoon.Theyarethe
actors.
AGroupclassisthesubclassofNode,whosepurposeistogroupseveralnodeobjectsintoasingleact.
ACanvasclassisbasicallyaNodesubclasswhichprovidesanAPItodrawshapesusingasetofgraphicscommands.Theadvantageof
CanvasisthatwecanobtainitsGraphicsContextandinvokedrawingoperationstorendercustomshapesonscreen.
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Now,let'srephrasetheanalogy:Theabstractiondrama(graphicsprogramming)isdefinedbyseveralactors(Nodes),clubbedforinteraction(Group)
accordingtothescript(Scene),dramatisedonastage(Stage),whereourviewpoint(Screen)isdefinedbytheangle/distanceofthestagefromthe
gallery.
Observeinthefollowingcodehowactors(Nodeobjects:LineandTextobjects)aregrouped(asaGroupwithchildren)inascene(Sceneobject)and
displayedinastage(Stageobject).Application.launchexecutesthestartmethodimplicitlyandthedramaiscomplete.
//...importstatements
publicclassBareBoneGraphicsextendsApplication{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
Application.launch(args);
}
@Override
publicvoidstart(StageprimaryStage)throwsException{
primaryStage.setTitle("GraphicsinJavaFX");
Grouproot=newGroup();
Scenescene=newScene(root,300,250,Color.WHITE);
root.getChildren().add(newText(scene.getWidth()/2,
scene.getHeight()/2,"GraphicsisFun"));
root.getChildren().add(newLine(0,5,scene.getWidth(),5));
root.getChildren().add(newLine(5,0,5,scene.getHeight()));
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

Listing1:AbareboneJavaFXgraphicsprogram

WorkingwithText
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Textrenderingisoneofthecommonaspectswhenweplaywithgraphics.Wecanapplyseveralparameterstodisplaytextinascenewithavariation
offont,color,stroke,fill,androtate,andprovidesomeeffectssuchasshadowandthelike.Thefollowingcodedrawstextwiththehelpofa
concreteNodeclass,Text.Thecharactersaredisplayedrandomlywithrandomrotation.AnotherTextobjectisdisplayedwithashadoweffect.
//...importstatements
publicclassRenderingTextextendsApplication{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

Application.launch(args);
}
@Override
publicvoidstart(StageprimaryStage)throwsException{
primaryStage.setTitle("GraphicsinJavaFX");
Grouproot=newGroup();
Scenescene=newScene(root,650,450,Color.WHITE);
Randomrandom=newRandom(System.currentTimeMillis());
for(inti=0;i<500;i++){
Texttext=newText(random.nextInt((int)
scene.getWidth()),
random.nextInt((int)scene.getHeight()),
newCharacter((char)random.nextInt(255)).toString());
text.setFont(Font.font("Serif",random.nextInt(30)));
text.setFill(Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255),
random.nextInt(255),random.nextInt(255),0.5));
root.getChildren().add(text);
}
Texttext2=newText(60,
scene.getHeight()/2,"GraphicsisFun!");
text2.setFont(Font.font("Serif",FontWeight.EXTRA_BOLD,
FontPosture.REGULAR,60));
text2.setFill(Color.RED);
text2.setFontSmoothingType(FontSmoothingType.LCD);
DropShadowshadow=newDropShadow();
shadow.setOffsetX(2.0f);
shadow.setOffsetY(2.0f);
shadow.setColor(Color.BLACK);
shadow.setRadius(7);
text2.setEffect(shadow);
text2.setStroke(Color.DARKRED);
root.getChildren().add(text2);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
}

Listing2:Manipulatingtextrenderinginascene

Figure1:OutputofListing2

WorkingwithShapes
JavaFXprovidesanAPItodrawboth2Dand3Dshapes.3Dshapesareabitmorecomplex,whereconceptssuchasprojection,cameraangle,
differenttypesoflight,andshadingtechniquescomeintoplay.Letusputthatasidefornowandconcentrateonhowwecanmanipulate2Dshapes.
Thebasic2Dshapescanbeusedtodrawmorecomplexoneswhenusedappropriately.
Inthefollowingexample,Canvasisusedasthebasicdrawingcontainer.Observehoweasyitistomanipulateshapeswiththehelpofthe
GraphicsContextobject.
publicclassDrawingShapesextendsApplication{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
Application.launch(args);
}
@Override
publicvoidstart(StageprimaryStage)throwsException{
primaryStage.setTitle("GraphicsinJavaFX");
Grouproot=newGroup();
Canvascanvas=newCanvas(650,600);
GraphicsContextgc=canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
draw2DShapes(gc);
root.getChildren().add(canvas);
primaryStage.setScene(newScene(root));
primaryStage.show();
}
privatevoiddraw2DShapes(GraphicsContextgc){
doublewidth=gc.getCanvas().getWidth();
doubleheight=gc.getCanvas().getHeight();
Randomrandom=newRandom(System.currentTimeMillis());
gc.setFill(Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255),random.nextInt(255),

random.nextInt(255),0.9));
gc.translate(width/2,height/2);
for(inti=0;i<60;i++){
gc.rotate(6.0);
gc.setFill(Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255),random.nextInt(255),
random.nextInt(255),0.9));
gc.fillOval(10,60,30,30);
random.nextInt(255),
random.nextInt(255),0.9));
gc.strokeOval(60,60,30,30);
gc.setFill(Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255),random.nextInt(255),
random.nextInt(255),0.9));
gc.fillRoundRect(110,60,30,30,10,10);
gc.setFill(Color.rgb(random.nextInt(255),random.nextInt(255),
random.nextInt(255),0.9));
gc.fillPolygon(
newdouble[]{105,117,159,123,133,105,77,87,51,93},
newdouble[]{150,186,186,204,246,222,246,204,186,186},10);
}
}
}

Listing3:Manipulating2DshapeswithGraphicsContextinaCanvas

Figure2:OutputofListing3

Conclusion
IfyouintendtouniteboththeworldofGUIprogrammingwithgraphicsandanimation,JavaFXistherightplatform.Apartfromitsbusinessutility,
graphicsprogrammingisalwaysfuninanyplatformorlanguage.Thethingthatmattersisthedeterminantofhowsteepthelearningcurveis.
JavaFXundoubtedlyprovidesasimpleandintuitiveAPItoworkwith,makingthelearningcurvealmostflat.AbeginnertointermediateJava
programmerwithalittleknowledgeofcomputergraphicscandoamazingthingsinJavaFX.Lastbutnotleast,withtheinclusionof3DAPIs,
JavaFXnowhasanotherfeatheronitshatKudos!totheFXteam.Thisarticlemerelyscratchedthesurfacewe'llexploremoreinfuturearticles
likethis.Staytuned.
Tags:Java,RIA,JavaFX,SDK,graphics,textrendering

2Comments(clicktoaddyourcomment)
ByglazOctober15201502:53PDT
Thankyou
ByJorgeJuly23201516:22PDT

Replytothiscomment

Thanksalot!thispostwasreallyusefulforme!
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