Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak

Student: Aidana Sheralieva IR 4-A

Take home exam:

The reforms of Ataturk Era in Turkey

The merits of Mustafa Kemal are not limited to brilliant military victories. It was a welleducated man who turned the whole way of life of the Turkish people, who, with his reforms
transformed Turkey.These reforms can be grouped into the following groups,I created the
table,in order to mentioned the main raforms.
1. Political
transformation:
Abolishment
of the
Sultanate (1
November
1922).
Proclamation
of the Republic
(29 October
1923).
The abolition
of the
Caliphate (3
March 1924).

2.
Transformation
s in public life:
Giving women
equal rights
with men
(1926 - 1934
years).
Reform of
hats and
clothes (25
November
1925).
The ban on
the activities of
religious orders
and
monasteries
(30 November
1925).
Law of the
names (21 June
1934).
Cancel
prefixes to the
names as
nicknames and
titles (26
November
1934).
The
introduction of

3.
Transformation
s in the legal
sphere:
Cancel
medzhelle (set
of laws based
on the Shari'a)
(1924 - 1937).
The adoption
of the new Civil
Code and other
laws, as a
result became
possible
transition to a
secular system
of government.

4.
Transformation
s in education:
Integration
of all education
authorities
under the
unified
leadership (3
March 1924).

5.
Transformation
in the
economic
sphere:
Cancel ashar
system (old
agricultural
tax).

Promotion of
Adoption of
private
the new Turkish enterprise in
alphabet (1
agriculture.
November
1928).

Establishment
The
of model farms.
establishment
of the Turkish
The
linguistic and
publication of
Turkish
the Law on the
Historical
industry and
Society.
the
establishment
Streamlining
of industrial
of university
enterprises.
education (31
May 1933).
The adoption
of the 1st and
Innovations
2nd of
in the field of
industrial
Fine Arts.
development
plans (19331937 years),
the

an
international
system of time,
calendar and
measuring
measures
(1925 - 1931
years).

construction of
roads
throughout the
country.

On the political front, his reforms ushered Turkey into the era of Republicanism
for Kemal ardently believed that it is only a Republican authority, which can
fulfill the aspirations of the citizens and instill a sense of oneness among the
people.
Kemal was a socialist to the core and during his reign, the betterment of
women was uppermost in his mind. He placed great importance to female
education. He worked towards improving the status of women in Turkey
through the adoption of Western Codes. A landmark in Women Rights was
reached in Turkey, when during his rule; they received the right to vote in
1934.
He was all for taking education to every nook and cranny of the country.
He believed that education was the only means of enlightening the people,
which in turn, would lead to an improvement in their quality of life. It was with
this idea that he made primary education compulsory. He adopted a populist
policy whereby all special class privileges were abolished. Kemal often quoted
that no one rose above the state and acknowledged the supremacy of the
Turkish citizenry. His nationalistic ideas were staunchly opposed to
imperialism.
In the cultural sphere, Kemal took upon himself the amendment of the

Turkish language. In 1928, he did away with the Arabic script and integrated
Latin alphabets into the Turkish language.
Between 1926 and 1930, Kemal initiated many legal reforms, which paved
the way for the emergence of Turkey as a secular state. His dream was a state
where religion did not interfere with administration, education and law and
where religious dogma didn`t obstruct free thinking and free institutions.
Kemal`s principle of secularism was never akin to agnosticism. Rather it
was a drive to banish clerical fundamentalism and irrational beliefs and take
Turkey towards modernization. He undertook a massive economic
development program, which incorporated agricultural expansion, and
industrial and technological advances.
Mustafa Kemal Atartuk died on 10th November 1938. His name remains
etched in the hearts of the Turkish people as military leader who led from the
front to give them independence and a statesman, a revolutionary and a
reformist who constantly strove to build a modern Turkey.

Book: Atatrk An Intellectual BiographyM. kr Haniolu

https://ru.scribd.com/doc/73179243/Ataturk-s-Reforms