CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
In this study the researcher use the experimental method. According to Gay
(2006: 230), this study belongs to Pre-Experimental Design, with pretest and
posttest design. The group of sample will be given test (listening test) to measure
their ability before the treatment (pretest). After that, the treatment will be given.
The post-test will be held at the end of the teaching process to measure the
students` improvement.
The design is as follow:
Figure 3.1 Research Design
O1

O2

Where:
O1

: Pretest

: Treatment using Simon says game

O2

: Posttest
(Gay 2006: 230)

B. Research Variables and Indicators

1. Research Variables
There are the independent variable and dependent variable that are
involved to see the improvement of students listening skill towards the given

treatments where the use of Simon Says game is the independent variable and
listening skill is the dependent variable.
2. Research Indicators
The indicator of this research is the students listening skill can be
improved. It focuses on the ability of students to understand spoken language
and respond it through body movement.
C. Population and Sample
1. Population

Arikunto (2006: 115) states that population is all subjects of a research.

Gay (2006: 101)) writes that population refers a large collection of individuals
or subjects that is the main focus of a scientific query. It is for benefit of the
population that researcher is done. However, due to the large sizes of
populations, researcher often cannot test every individual in the population
because it is too expensive and time-consuming. This is the reason why
researcher relies on sampling technique.
The population of this research is the first year Students of SMP
Negeri 1 Bontomarannu in the academic year of 2013/2014. The number of
the population in this research is 140 students, it consists of 4 classes.
2. Sample
Arikunto (2006:107) states if the population of a research is below
100, the researcher has to take all of them as a sample. If the population is
over 100, the researcher can take only 20%-25% of them. Since the number of
the sample over than 100, the researcher only would like to take one class as a

sample in this research, then class A is chosen. They consist of 20 females and
15 males from the various family backgrounds.
The sampling technique of this study is convenience sampling. This
sampling technique is a non-probability sampling technique where the
subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to
the researcher. Since, the researcher decided to take one class (students of the
first year Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bontomarannu). The subjects are selected
because the students are difficult to understand spoken language.
D. Research Instrument
The instruments that the researcher uses to get valid data is:
1. Test
The test is organized in order to find the students listening skill
improvement towards the use of Simon Says game in listening class. It is
carried out as the instrumentation to collect the data of the students scores in
pre-test and post test. Then, listening test is used as the test instrument where
the students works are examined. The first listening test (pre-test) is aimed to
know the students listening skill before the study is conducted. The listening
test in post test is aimed to find out the students listening skill after the study
is conducted.
In this research, the listening test is used as the instrument of the
research. It consist of 10 numbers of listening tests, it is all about imperatives.
The students have to follow all the instructions from the teacher. The
maximum score is 100 and the minimum is 0.

The formative tests are in the form of body-movement tests. In giving

scores to the students, I adopted a rating scale developed by Valette (1982:
89). She suggested the rating scale for teachers in teaching foreign languages.
The rating scale is as follow:
Table 3.2 The Assessment of Body Movement Test
Score
4

Criteria
The student carries out the instruction correctly after hearing it

only once.
The student carries out the instruction correctly after having it

repeat.
The student carries out the wrong instruction, but is able to correct

himself/herself without hearing it repeats again.

The student carries out the wrong instruction, but is able to correct

himself/herself upon hearing it repeats again.

The student carries out the wrong instruction on the second try.
(Valette, 1982: 89)
Students correct answer

Score =

x 10
Maximun Score

E. Data Collection
One important thing in this research is to collect the data that can
determine the result of the research. The procedures of data collecting used in this
research are:

1. Administering the teaching schedule

The teaching learning activity is two times a week. The more explanations
about the teaching schedules of the study and the materials given will be set as
on the table in appendix page and some lesson plans.
2. Conducting the pre-test
The pre test will be conducted as the next step on the procedure of the
study. The pre test is administered as the basic important information about the
students skill before the treatment is given.
3. Giving the treatment
Treatment is the next step of the study. In this stage, the researcher act as a
teacher. Then, as the focus of the study, there is the use of Simon Says game in
improving listening skill. The researcher will teach some material and apply
Simon Says game in teaching and learning process.
4. Conducting the post test
The next stage of the study is conducting the post test. It is the final test of
the study which is conducted after the treatment. The post test has the same
question and topic with the pretest in order to find out whether or not the use
of Simon Says game improves students listening skill.
F. Data Analysis
In this rate, the researcher tries to find out the score of each student and
the mean score of the students. To determine the score of each student, the
researcher used the following formula:

1. Scoring the students correct answer of pre-test and post-test by using the
formula:
Score=

The total correct answer

x 10
Total number of item test
Table 3.3 The Classified of Score
No

Score Ranger

.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

90-100
89-95
76-85
66-75
56-65
36-55
0- 35

Classification
Excellent
Very good
Good
Fair
fairly good
Poor
very poor
( Depdiknas, 2005)

2. Finding out the students means score of the both pre-test and post-test by
using the following formula:

X
X =
N
Where:

: Mean Score

: The sum of all score

: The number of subjects/sample

(Gay, 2006:320)

3. Calculating the standard deviation of the students

2
X

SD=

Where:
SD : Standard deviation
N

: The number of subjects

X : The sum of all score

(Gay, 2006:321)
4. Finding out significant different between mean score of the students by
calculating the value of the t- test. The formula is seen as follow:
D
2

D2

D
t=
Where:
t

: Test is significance

: The difference between the matched pairs (X1 - X2)

: The mean of DS

: The sum of D square

D2

: The number of subject

The square of the sum score for difference

(Gay, 2006: 329)

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Erosion in America (Pretest)
Erosion in Americas () farmland () by wind and water has been a
problem (:) since () settlers first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow
in the nineteenth century. By the 1930s, more than 282 million (i:) acres () of
farmland were (:) damaged by erosion. After (:) 40 years of conservation
efforts, soil erosion has accelerated (e) due () to new demands placed on the land
by heavy crop () production. In the years ahead, soil erosion () and the likely to
replace petroleum scarcity as the nations most critical natural resource problem.

Dolphins (Posttest)

Dolphins (:) are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories
of them true (u:) helping (e) drowning sailors have been common since () Roman
times. The more we learn about () dolphins, the more we realize that their society
is more complex than people previously imagined. These are the good ()
things,they look after other dolphins when they are ill, they serve (:) others, care
of pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some
scientists often () have suggested that dolphins have a language, but it is much
more probable that they communicate with each other without () needing words.
Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most
common argument in favor of mans superiority over them that we can attack ()
and kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the part
(:) the more we discover about these (i:) remarkable creatures, the less we appear
superior when we destroy them.