1.

)
Double Pipe Heat
Exchanger
Counter Current double pipe HE
The variables are almost the same
with the
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with the
addition of T lm
L
Design variable is
Pass
Q= UA T lm
q=D

q UATlm q= total
heat transfer
U= over all heat transfer coefficient
Tlm= temperature gradient
Design veriable Log mean
temperature can be calculated by:

LMTD=

L
( Pass
)( T

lm

FT )

no of shell
no . of pass
)

shell

3.) Evaporators

Single Effect Evaporator

Design variable is Evaporator
area and Economy

T 1 T 2
T1
ln
T2

2.)
Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger

W steam
w Cp T air =
Q=U o A o T lm F T =
wCp T air
U o A o T lm=
E
e=
V0

Crystallizers
Swenson-Walker Crystallizer

FhF=VhV+LhL+ChC
Design variables are the balances OMB,
SB and EB
4.)Humidifier/Dehumidier/Cooling
Tower
Adiabatic Humidifier

6.) Drier
Batch Drier

T 1 =T= t as = t wb
WB: w( H 2H 1 )= L2L1 = M
H LM
MTE: w( H 2H 1 =k ' a S Z
UG a S Z
HT E: w C s ( t 2 t 1 =
T LM
H
1 H 2)
H LM = (

ln ( H 1)

T LM =

5.)

T 1 T 2
T1
ln
T2

Gas Absorber

Design variable is the drying

time
Constant Rate Period:
Q
=
( x 1x 2
A RC
Falling Rate Period:
x1

Q dx
=
Ax R
2

7.)

Cooling tower

Design variable is the WB, MTE

and HTE
T 1 =T= t as = t wb *adiabatic
WB: w( H 2H 1 )= L2L1 = M
MTE: w( H 2H 1 =k ' a S Z
H LM
HT E: w C s ( t 2 t 1 =
UG a S Z
T LM
H

1
H 2)
H LM = (
ln( H 1)

8.)

x
1x w
F
1
=
(ln f + m ln
)
W m1
xw
1x f
Fx F WxW
xD =
FW
10.)
Extraction/ Leaching

ln

Liquid Extraction tower

Design variable is number of
stages

T 1 T 2
T1
ln
T2
Filter

T LM =

Plate and Frame Filter press

Design variables are the Ruth
factor and volume

9.)

2
dV P A gC
rf =
=
d c(V + V e )
2V
dV 2
= V+ e
d K
K
2( P) A 2 gC
K=
c
Distillation column

Design Variable is F, W, Xf, Xw

Y bY b
ln
Y aY a
N=
L'
ln
V ' Kb
11.)
Constant Stirred Tank
Reactor (CSTR)
Design variables are volume and
Average time
t=

V
V0

FA X
r A
0