TURUNAN RALAT
Percobaan 2 (Bandul Sederhana)
T =2
T=
T2=
l
g
4 2l
g
4 2l
g
2
g=
4 l
2
T
|Tg|| T|+|lg|| l|
g=
Misal:
2
'
U=4 l U =0
V =T 2 V ' =2T
||
| ||
||
|| |
( 0 ) ( T 2 ) ( 2T ) ( 4 2 l ) 8T 2 l 8 2 l
g
U ' V V ' U
=
=
=
= 3
2
T
V2
T4
T
(T 2)
Misal:
U=4 2 l U ' =4 2
2
'
V =T V =0
||
|| || |
( 4 2 )( T 2 ) ( 0 ) ( 4 2 l ) 4 2 T 2 4 2
g U ' V V ' U
=
=
=
= 2
2
2
4
l
V
T
T
(T 2)
| ||
Sehingga;
| | | |
g=
8 2 l
42
|
T
|
+
|l|
T3
T2
Percobaan 3 (Massa Jenis Zat Cair)
1. Dua Jenis Zat Cair
2=
1 h1
h2
| | | |
2 =
2
2
h 1|+
|
| h 2|
h1
h2
Misal:
'
U= 1 h1 U =1
V =h 2 V ' =0
| ||
||
|| || |
||
|| || |
2 U ' V V ' U
( 1 ) ( h 2) ( 0 ) ( 1 h1 ) 1 h2 1
=
=
=
=
2
h1
h2
V2
h22
( h2 )
Misal:
'
U= 1 h1 U =0
V =h 2 V ' =1
| ||
( 0 ) ( h 2) ( 1 ) ( 1 h 1)
2 U ' V V ' U
h
h
=
=
= 1 2 1 = 1 21
2
2
h2
V
h2
h2
( h2 )
Sehingga;
|| | |
2=
1
h
h 1|+ 1 21 | h2|
|
h2
h2
2. Tiga Jenis Zat Cair
h + h
3= 1 1 2 2
h3
| | | | | |
2 =
3
3
3
h 1|+
h2|+
|
|
| h3|
h1
h2
h3
Misal:
U= 1 h1 + 2 h2 U ' =1
V =h 3 V ' =0
||
| ||
|| || |
3 U ' V V ' U
( 1 ) ( h 3 )( 0 ) ( 1 h1 + 2 h2 ) 1 h3 1
=
=
=
=
2
h1
h3
V2
h32
( h3 )
Misal:
U= 1 h1 + 2 h2 U ' =2
'
V =h 3 V =0
| ||
||
|| || |
3 U ' V V ' U
( 2) ( h 3 )( 0 ) ( 1 h1 + 2 h2 ) 2 h3 2
=
=
=
=
2
h2
h3
V2
h32
( h3 )
Misal:
U= 1 h1 +2 h2 U ' =0
'
V =h 3 V =1
||
| ||
||
||
( 0 ) ( h 3 )( 1 ) ( 1 h1+ 2 h 2) 1 h1 + 2 h2 1 h1+ 2 h 2
3 U ' V V ' U
=
=
=
=
2
2
h3
V
h32
h32
( h3 )
Sehingga;
| || | | || | |
2 =
h + h
h 1 + 2 h2 + 1 1 2 2 2 | h3|
h3
h3
h3
Percobaan 5 (Elastisitas)
1. Tegangan
F mg
= =
A pl
|m || m|+| p|| p|+|l ||l|
Misal:
U=mg U ' =g
'
V = pl V =0
| ||
||
|| || |
||
|| || |
||
|| || |
( g ) ( pl ) ( 0 ) ( mg )
U ' V V ' U
gpl
g
=
=
= 2 2=
2
2
m
pl
V
( pl )
p l
Misal:
U=mg U ' =0
V = pl V ' =l
| ||
( 0 ) ( pl )( l )( mg ) mgl
U ' V V ' U
mg
=
=
= 2 2= 2
2
2
p
V
( pl )
p l
p l
Misal:
U=mg U ' =0
V = pl V ' = p
| ||
( 0 )( pl )( p ) ( mg ) mgp mg
U ' V V ' U
=
=
= 22= 2
2
l
V
( pl )2
pl
pl
Sehingga;
| plg || m|+| mgpl|| p|+|mgpl || l|
2. Regangan
=
L
l0
|L|| L|+|l || l |
Misal:
U= LU ' =1
V =l 0 V ' =0
| ||
||
|| |||
||
|| || |
'
'
( 1 ) ( l 0 )( 0 )( L )
l
U V V U
1
=
=
= 02 =
2
2
L
l0
V
l0
( l0 )
Misal:
U= LU ' =0
V =l 0 V ' =1
| ||
'
'
( 0 ) ( l 0 ) (1 ) ( L ) L L
U V V U
=
=
=
= 2
2
2
l 0
V
l 02
l0
( l0 )
Sehingga;
||
| |
1
L
| L|+ 2 | l0|
l0
l0
3. Modulus young
F l0
mgl 0
F/A
= =
=
=
L/l 0 A L pl L
|m || m|+|l ||l |+| p|| p|+|L|| L|+|l || l|
Misal:
U=mgl 0 U ' =g l 0
'
V = pl LV =0
||
||
|| |
||
||
|| |
| ||
'
'
( g l0 ) ( pl L )( 0 ) ( mg l0 ) g l0 pl L
g l0
U V V U
=
=
= 22
=
2
2
2
m
pl L
V
( pl L )
p l L
Misal:
U=mgl 0 U ' =mg
'
V = pl LV =0
| ||
'
'
( mg ) ( pl L )( 0 ) ( mgl 0 ) mgpl L
U V V U
mg
=
=
= 22
=
2
2
2
l 0
pl
L
V
( pl L )
p l L
Misal:
U=mgl 0 U ' =0
'
V = pl LV =l L
||
||
||
||
|| |
||
||
||
| || | | || | |
| | |
| ||
( 0 ) ( pl L ) ( l L ) ( mg l 0 ) l Lmg l 0
mgl
U ' V V ' U
=
=
= 2 2 2 = 2 0
2
2
p
V
( pl L )
p l L
p l L
Misal:
'
U=mgl 0 U =0
V = pl LV ' =pl
||
| ||
'
'
( 0 )( pl L )( pl ) ( mg l 0 )
plmg l
mg l 0
U V V U
=
=
= 2 2 02 =
2
2
2
L
V
( pl L )
p l L
pl L
Misal:
'
U=mgl 0 U =0
V = pl LV ' =p L
| ||
( 0 ) ( pl L ) ( p L ) ( mg l 0 )
p Lmg l 0
mgl
U ' V V ' U
=
=
= 22
= 2 0
2
2
2
l
V
( pl L )
p l L
pl L
Sehingga;
=
g l0
mgl
mgl 0
mg l
mg
m +
l 0 + 2 0 | p|+
| L|+ 2 0 | l|
2
pl L
pl L
p l L
pl L
pl L
Percobaan 6 (Penentuan Percepatan Gravitasi Bumi Melalui Percobaan Bisang
Miring)
g=
2x
t sin
2
2 1
2
[| | | | | | | | | | ]
g
g=
x
2
g
2
g
x +
|t | +
3
t
Misal:
U=2 x U ' =2
2
'
V =t sin V =0
||
||
'
'
( 2 ) ( t 2 sin ) ( 0 ) ( 2 x ) 2 t 2 sin
g U V V U
2
=
=
= 4 2 = 2
2
2
2
x
V
t sin
t sin
( t sin )
| ||
Misal:
|| |
'
U=2 x U =0
2
'
V =t sin V =2 t sin
||
| ||
||
|| |
||
||
'
'
( 0 ) ( t 2 sin )( 2 t sin ) ( 2 x ) 4 x t sin
g U V V U
4x
=
=
=
=
2
2
4
2
3
t
t sin
t sin
V
( t2 sin )
Misal:
U=2 x U ' =0
V =t 2 sin V ' =t 2 cos
||
| ||
'
'
( 0 ) ( t 2 sin )( t 2 cos ) ( 2 x ) 2 x t 2 cos 2 x cos
g
U V V U
=
=
= 4 2 = 2 2
2
2
t sin
t sin
V
( t 2 sin )
Sehingga;
[| | | | | | |
2
g= 2
t sin
2
4x
2
2 x cos
x + 3
| t| + 2 2
3
t sin
t sin
2 1
2
|| | ]
2
Percobaan 7 (Kalor Lebur Es)
L=
m 3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 ) +m 4 C 4 ( T 1T 2 )m 2 T 2
m1
| || | | || | | || | | || | | || | | ||
L=
L
L
L
L
L
L
m4 +
m3 +
m2 +
m1 +
T1 +
T 2|
m4
m3
m2
m1
T 1
T2
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
U ' =C 4 ( T 1T 2 )
V =m 1
'
V =0
| ||
'
'
L
U V V U
=
2
m4
V
| ||
(C 4 ( T 1 T 2 ) ) ( m1 ) ( 0 ) (m3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 ) +m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2 ) m2 T 2)
L
=
2
m4
( m1 )
| ||
m1 C 4 ( T 1 T 2 )
L
=
m4
m12
| ||
C 4 ( T 1T 2 )
L
=
m4
m1
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
U ' =C 3 ( T 1T 2 )
V =m 1
'
V =0
| ||
'
'
L
U V V U
=
2
m3
V
| ||
( C3 ( T 1T 2 ) ) ( m1 ) ( 0 ) (m3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 ) +m4 C 4 ( T 1 T 2 ) m2 T 2)
L
=
2
m3
( m1 )
| ||
m1 C3 ( T 1 T 2 )
L
=
m3
m 12
| ||
C 3 ( T 1T 2 )
L
=
m3
m1
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
U ' =T 2
V =m 1
V ' =0
| ||
L
U ' V V ' U
=
m2
V2
| ||
(T 2 )( m1 ) ( 0 ) ( m3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 ) +m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2 ) m2 T 2)
L
=
2
m2
( m1 )
| ||
T 2 m1
L
=
m2
m 12
| || || |
T 2 T 2
L
=
=
m2
m1
m1
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
'
U =0
V =m 1
'
V =1
| ||
'
'
L
U V V U
=
2
m1
V
| ||
( 0 ) ( m1 ) (1 ) ( m3 C3 ( T 1T 2 ) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2 )
L
=
2
m1
( m1 )
| ||
( m3 C3 ( T 1 T 2 ) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2 ) m2 T 2 )
L
=
m1
m 12
| ||
( m3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 )+ m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2 )m2 T 2 )
L
=
m1
m12
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
U=m3 C3 T 1m3 C 3 T 2+ m4 C4 T 1m 4 C 4 T 2m 2 T 2
U=( m3 C 3+ m 4 C 4 ) T 1( m 2 +m3 C 3+ m4 C4 ) T 2
U ' =
V =m 1
m 3 C 3+ m 4 C 4
'
V =0
| ||
'
'
L
U V V U
=
2
T 1
V
| ||
( m3 C 3 +m4 C 4 ) ( m 1) ( 0 ) ( ( m3 C3 + m4 C 4 ) T 1( m2 +m3 C 3+ m4 C 4 ) T 2 )
L
=
2
T 1
( m1 )
| ||
m C m +m C m
L
= 3 3 1 24 4 1
T 1
m1
| ||
m C +m C
L
= 3 3 4 4
T 1
m1
Misal:
U=m3 C3 ( T 1T 2) + m4 C 4 ( T 1T 2) m2 T 2
U=m3 C3 T 1m3 C 3 T 2+ m4 C4 T 1m 4 C 4 T 2m 2 T 2
U=( m3 C 3+ m 4 C 4 ) T 1( m 2 +m3 C 3+ m4 C4 ) T 2
( m2 +m3 C3 +m4 C 4 )
'
U =
V =m 1
V ' =0
| ||
'
'
L
U V V U
=
2
T 2
V
| ||
(( m2 +m3 C 3 +m4 C4 ) ) ( m1 )( 0 ) ( ( m3 C 3+ m4 C 4 ) T 1( m2 +m3 C 3 +m4 C 4 ) T 2 )
L
=
2
T 2
( m1 )
| ||
(( m2 +m3 C 3 +m4 C4 ) ) ( m1 )
L
=
T 2
m12
| ||
m +m C +m C
L
= 2 3 3 4 4
T 2
m1
Sehingga;
L=
| || |
| |
Percobaan 8 (Koefisien Muai Panjang)
=
L
l0 T
T =T 2T 1
| | | |
Misal:
| |
C 4 ( T 1T 2 )
C3 ( T 1 T 2 )
T
( m3 C 3 ( T 1T 2 ) +m4 C4 ( T 1T 2 )m2 T 2 )
m
m4|+
m3|+ 2 | m2|+
m1|+
|
|
|
2
m1
m1
m1
m1
| |
| |
| |
l 0|+
| L|+
T 1|+
T 2|+
| T|
|
|
|
l0
L
T1
T 2
T
'
U= LU =0
V =l 0 T =l 0 ( T 2T 1 ) V ' =T 2T 1
||
||
||
( 0 ) ( l 0 ( T 2 T 1 ) ) ( T 2T 1) ( L ) ( T 2T 1) ( L )
U ' V V ' U
L
=
=
=
= 2
2
2
2
2
l 0
V
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
[ l0 ( T 2T 1 ) ]
| ||
Misal:
U= LU ' =1
V =l 0 T =l 0 ( T 2T 1 ) V ' =0
||
||
||
||
||
( 1 ) ( l 0 ( T 2 T 1 ) ) ( 0 ) ( L )
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
U ' V V ' U
1
=
=
= 2
=
2
2
2
L
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
V
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
[ l0 ( T 2T 1 ) ]
| ||
Misal:
U= LU ' =0
V =l 0 T =l 0 ( T 2T 1 )=l0 T 2l 0 T 1 V ' =l 0
||
| ||
'
'
( 0 ) ( l 0 T 2l 0 T 1 )( l 0 ) ( L )
l0 L
U V V U
L
=
=
= 2
=
2
2
2
2
T 1
V
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
[ l0 ( T 2T 1 ) ]
Misal:
'
U= LU =0
V =l 0 T =l 0 ( T 2T 1 )=l0 T 2l 0 T 1 V ' =l 0
||
| ||
||
||
( 0 ) ( l0 T 2l 0 T 1 )( l 0 ) ( L )
l L
U ' V V ' U
L
=
=
= 2 0
=
2
2
2
T 2
V
l 0 ( T 2 T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2 T 1 )2
[ l0 ( T 2T 1) ]
Misal:
U= LU ' =0
V =l 0 T V ' =l 0
| ||
||
|| || |
'
'
( 0 ) ( l0 T ) ( l 0 ) ( L ) l 0 L
U V V U
L
=
=
= 2
=
2
2
2
T 2
V
l0 T
l0 T 2
[ l0 T ]
Sehingga;
| |
| |
| | |
L
1
L
L
L
| L|+
| T|
T 1|+
T 2|+
| l0|+
2 |
2 |
2
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2T 1 )
l 0 ( T 2 T 1 )
l0 T
2
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