Basic Information About

Balancing Machines
?What is a dynamic balancing machine
Dynamic balancing machines measure the size
.(magnitude) and angle (direction) of vibration

Rotation Generates Vibration

There is no limit to the number of products that

rotate. Using cars as an example, they consist of
tires, shafts, flywheels, gears, and crankshafts, to
name just a few. In our homes, we have a variety
of equipment, including fans, vacuum cleaners,
refrigerator compressors, video heads, DVD and CD
systems, and computer hard drives. It would be
impossible to count all the types of rotating objects
.and how many exist
When these rotating parts or materials rotate, they
generate centrifugal forces. Normally, the sum of
these centrifugal forces equals zero, however, if
they do not, that rotating object will generate

vibration and noise. Dynamic balancing machines

.measure the amount and angle of this vibration

?What is dynamic unbalance

Unbalance occurs when the center-of-gravity of a
rotating object is not aligned with its center-of.rotation

Unbalance is caused when the center of gravity is

out of alignment with the center of rotation. To
correct the problem, a weight of mass m must be
attached to the opposite side of the rotating object.
Given a rotor mass M and radius R, the following
.relationship applies

Units Used to Express Unbalance

In Terms of the Mass Eccentricity e : m, mm, cm

In Terms of Mass m : g, mg, g ,kg
In Terms of Mass x Radius (mR) : mgmm, mgcm, gmm, gcm, kgcm

?What does "balancing" a rotor mean

.It means to reduce the amount of unbalance
Unbalance refers to the center-of-gravity of the
rotor being out of alignment with its center-ofrotation (eccentricity). If unbalanced, centrifugal
forces will generate vibration and noise during
rotation. The world in which we live is overflowing
with rotating objects. In most homes, looking
around many rooms you can find air conditioners,
forced air heaters, or fans, and sometimes even
dehumidifiers, humidifiers, or a video, CD or DVD
player under the television. In the bathroom you
can find washing machine, drier, electric razor, n
the kitchen ventilation fans, refrigerators,
microwave ovens and in a different room a
computer and printer. All of these consumer
electronic products include internal rotating parts
(motors). Outside the home you see automobiles,

which are a dense concentration of multiple

rotating objects, as are trains, ships, and aircraft. In
manufacturing plants, you can find all types of
rotating machinery on a production line. At power
plants there are rotating turbines and generators. If
all these items were not balanced properly, our
lives would undoubtedly be extremely noisy.
Furthermore, generating vibration and noise
consumes energy, meaning energy is being
wasted, which is counterproductive to current
efforts to save energy. Not only does vibration
waste energy, it causes bearings to wear more
quickly and shortens the operating life of products.
The process of reducing the amount of unbalance
.in rotating items like these is called balancing

What is the difference between dynamic

balancing (unbalance in two planes) and
static balancing (unbalance in one
?plane)
Unbalance created by motion Dynamic Unbalance
In general, unbalance can occur at any lateral
(axial) position along the rotating body and with
any magnitude. This unbalance is a combination of
static unbalance and couple unbalance and is
called dynamic unbalance. The couple unbalance
component only appears when the object is
rotated, so measuring dynamic unbalance requires
rotating the object. Dynamic unbalance must be
corrected at two locations in the axial direction

(two-plane correction for two-plane unbalance). Put

simply, unbalance apparent when the object is
perfectly still (no rotation) is called static
unbalance and unbalance that becomes apparent
after an object begins to rotate is called dynamic
imbalance

Unbalance Present With Static

Static Unbalance

When a rotor is placed on smooth rails, the heavy

side will turn to face downward. The unbalance
experienced when an object is static (not moving)
is called static unbalance. Static unbalance can be
corrected using only one location (one-plane
.correction for one-plane unbalance)

Why doesn't the sum of all centrifugal

?forces add up to zero
.The primary cause is an accumulation of error

There are many factors than can cause dynamic

unbalance

For formed or machined parts, potential causes

:include
Variations in the specific weight of materials
Shape is not symmetric with respect to the center
axis
Variations in forming, machining or other processes
:For part assemblies, potential causes include
Variations in assembly process
Variations in the mass of individual parts
Variations in placement

How accurately can unbalance be

?measured
In terms of eccentric distance, in the range of
.thousandths of a micron
Assuming a cylindrical rotor 50 mm in diameter
and weighing 300 grams, for example, model DBMSGF-03 could measure a 0.6 mg weight attached to
the rotor perimeter. In comparison, one grain of
rice weighs about 20 mg. This means it can detect
an unbalance equivalent to 1/33 of a grain of rice
on the surface of a 300 g workpiece roughly the
weight of a filled small-beverage can

Balancing
Machines

2008/94
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