The Study on Exploring the User Satisfaction of Easy

Teaching Web of Taipei by Information-Seeking and

Technology Acceptance Model
Chien-Yun, Dai
Department of Applied
Electronics Technology
Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei City
Chienyun.Dai@gmail.com

Charng-Tzer, Harn
Department of Industrial
Education
Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei City
jerryhan@tp.edu.tw

Wan-Fei, Chen
Department of Industrial
Education
Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei City
ntnu896700046@gmail.com

II.

LITERATURE REIVEW

A. Big Six
Big Six (Big Six Skills) is an information seeking
model proposed by Eisenberg and Berkowitz [1], which is
to perform step by step explanation and determination
specific to a problem. Big6 is mainly composed of six
stages including task definition, information seeking
strategies, location and access, use of information, synthesis,
and evaluation, and the model is not only simple but also
has been known as a information seeking model focused on
problem solving [2].

Keyword Big Six, TAM, Easy Teaching Web of Taipei

B. Technology AcceptanceModel (TAM)

Technology acceptance model developed by an
American scholar Davis [3], based on the theory of reasoned
action (TRA). It can be used to explore whether an
information system is accepted by users [4]. TAM is
composed of total of five dimensions, including perceived
usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), attitude
toward using (ATU), behavioral intention to use (BI) and
actual system use(ASU), wherein, PU is that users consider
use of information systems being both convenient and
beneficial and being able to upgrade their performance and
effectiveness, PEOU is that users consider the use of
information systems being easy to use without difficulty. As
shown in the next diagram, PEOU on PU has a positive
impact on relations, in addition, both PU and PEOU affect
users attitude toward using information systems, and attitude
toward using affects users behavioral intention to use,
thereby affecting the actual user satisfaction [5].

INTRODUCTION

The knowledge acquiring method for human being has

been changed by the information technology, following the
surge of network resources, how to effectively search and
use information has become an important issue in the digital
era. Easy Teaching Web of Taipei (referred to as ET Web)
(http://etweb.tp.edu.tw) is a community website for
providing teachers knowledge exchanges with knowledge
and human resources in various learning areas of the
primary and secondary schools consolidated by the Taipei
City Government. In addition to providing teachers to
quickly and accurately find the necessary teaching
materials, also as a platform for teachers to share teaching
materials, teaching resources and teaching experiences with
other teachers.
The technology acceptance model (referred to as TAM)
often used for explaining the attitude toward using
information system, and according to TAM theory, both
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are key
factors for user to accept the product, and Big Six is often

978-1-4244-8165-1/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

Man-Ting, Kao
Department of Applied
Electronics Technology
Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei City
manting049@gmail.com

used in the digital environment as an information seeking

patterns. Therefore, the study adopted TAM to explain the
relation between user attitude and user satisfaction and with
Big Six as mediator to discuss behavioral tendencies of
technology acceptance and satisfaction of system utilization.

AbstractE-learning has become a new technology in the

educational field recently because of development of
information communication technology. Therefore, the
Department of Education, Taipei City Government
constructed a digital platform based on the internet, named
Easy Teaching Web of Taipei (ET Web), for teachers and
academic staffs to surf in 2003. For the purpose of analyzing
the effectiveness of the ET Web, the technological acceptance
model (TAM) and information-seeking model, the Big Six,
have been employed in this study. There are 318 valid samples
totally selected randomly from members in the ET Web to fill
out a pencil-paper questionnaire. The result shows that the
perception of ease use (PEOU) can predict the perception of
use (PU), the attitude toward using (ATU), and the Big Six.
Meanwhile, PU can predict ATU. In addition, the user
scarification can be predicted by ATU, and Big Six
respectively. According to results of this study, we find the ET
Web can promote the satisfaction of users by improving the
easy use of the system.

I.

Yu-Hsi, Yuan *
Department of Industrial
Education
Taiwan Normal
University
Taipei City
yuc88g@gmail.com
* Corresponding Author

7007

Figure 1. Technology Acceptance Model

Figure 3. Research Concept

C. Big Six and TAM

The function of Taipei ET Web is something like the
electronic libraries, which can provide the useful information
resource to the users by searching with themselves. Chang,
Lin, and Chin [6] had pointed out that the information
seeking would impact the information seeking intention. And
the information seeking intention can be treated as the
attitude toward system using. Therefore, we followed the
model developed by Chang et al. to establish our hypotheses.
III.

C. Hypotheses
Based on the literature, summarized that the PU and
PEOU are of considerable relevance to ATU and behavioral
intention to use, coupled with Big Six, the satisfaction level
of attitude toward using will be an important factor of
affecting users using ET Web, thus the following
hypotheses has been developed:
H1. Perceived Easy of Use will positively predict
Perceived Usefulness.
H2. Perceived Easy of Use will positively predict
Information Seeking.
H3. Perceived Usefulness will positively predict
Information Seeking.
H4. Perceived Easy of Use will positively predict
Attitude Toward Using.
H5. Perceived Usefulness will positively predict Attitude
Toward Using.
H6. Information Seeking will positively predict Attitude
Toward Using
H7. Attitude Toward Using will positively predict User
Satisfaction

METHODOLOGY

A. Procedure
The purpose of the study is to discuss the cause effect
model between actual system use and PU, PEOU, Big Six,
ATU, behavioral intention to use of users of ET Web. The
procedure of the study is shown as in Figure 2.

Figure 4. Research Framework

D. Research Tools
The study applied research tools to modify and
synthesis the relevant scaled dimensions of information
seeking model and TAM in important academic periodicals.
First of all relevant technology acceptance scale includes
PEOU, PU, ATU and US four parts. Wherein, the
" PEOU " and " PU " dimensions are compiled by selecting
5 and 10 items from the research questionnaires of Davis [7]
and Chuttur [8] studies respectively. The ATU dimension
is compiled by selecting 7 items from the research
questionnaire of Davis [7]. Finally, the US dimension is
compiled by selecting 5 items from the research
questionnaire of DeLone and McLean [8][9].
On the other hand, information seeking model related
scale is compiled by selecting 42 items from six dimensions
of task definition, information seeking strategies, location
and access, use of information, synthesis and evaluation, in

Figure 2. Procedure

B. Research Concept
For understanding the relationship between system use
and behavioral intention to use of users of ET Web, the
study hopes to apply the close influence and relation among
perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, Big Six,
behavioral intention to use and actual system use, to build a
conceptual model as shown in Figure 3, dividing into
dimensions of PEOU, PU, Big Six, ATU, US.

7008

TABLE II.

the research questionnaires of academic studies by

Eisenberg and Berkowitz [1], Barbara [10], Chen [11] and
Lai [12] .
Therefore the scale applied in the study is composed of
69 items in five dimensions including PEOU, PU, Big
Six, ATU and US.
1) Reliability
As shown in Table , the effective sampling quantity of
the study is 318 records, with reliability coefficient ranged
between .941 and .977. In all the dimensions of the
questionnaires, ATU dimension has the lowest reliability
coefficient (Cronbachs =.937), Big Six dimension has
the highest reliability coefficient (Cronbachs =.977),
Based on the results of internal consistency reliability
coefficient analysis, it shows that the Cronbachs
coefficient of the scales each dimension and summary scale
are all higher than .70, indicating good reliability in the
scales of the study.
TABLE I.

Gender
School

Seniority

School Type

Internet Time
per Day

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY

Dimensions
Perception of easy use
Perception of usefulness
Attitude toward use
Satisfaction of using
Big six
2)

Demographic
variables

Items
5
10
7
5
42

Cronbachs alpha
.941
.961
.937
.951
.977

Use
Experience

Group

Female
Male
Elementary School
Junior High School
Senior High School
Less than 5 years
6 to 10 years
11 to 15 years
Over 16 years
Public
Private
Less than 1 hour
1 to 2 hours
3 to 4 hours
5 to 6 hours
Over 6 hours
Never Use
Know but never use
Ever use

187
131
76
149
86
55
86
71
103
293
13
31
108
87
32
55
58
53
189

58.8
41.2
23.9
46.9
27.0
17.3
27.0
22.3
32.4
92.1
4.1
9.7
34.0
27.4
10.1
17.3
18.2
16.7
59.4

On basis of the gender analysis, it shows that the

number of samples for women is 187 (58.8%), for men is
131 (41.2%), from descriptive statistic data analysis results
in more number of females than male. On basis of school
system, the majority of respondents were teaching at the
junior high (46.9%), followed by the high school teachers
(27.0%), a small number of primary school teachers (23.9%).
For the "school type " the respondents worked in, public
school for the most (92.1%). According to seniority
analysis revealed that within 5 years was the least (17.3%),
over 16 years the most (54.7%), indicating a strong majority
of respondents who have years of teaching. On "the number
of hours online every day" point of view, analysis results
showed the largest number of 1 to 2 hours (34.0%), 3 to 4
hours came next (27.4%), indicating that more than 61.4% of
the respondents had at least a day online 1 to 3 hours. By
Respondents, "have been used ET Web" experience analysis
showed that only 189 (59.4%) had used ET Web, 53 (16.7%)
said that heard of but not used, 58 (18.2%) said that have not
used ET Web, indicating the majority of the respondents had
used ET Web.

Validity

For the validity of the study, three expert meetings had

been called for reviewing the questionnaire, invited five
university professors, one senior and one junior teacher,
totally eight people was invited, through rigorous expert
meeting
The
technology
acceptance
behavior
questionnaire of ET Web had been compiled, as the basis
for evaluating the technology acceptance, satisfaction and
effect study.
E. Data Analysis
The study applied descriptive statistic analysis methods
to discover the socio-demographic variables from the
research samples, in addition, a path analysis also adopted to
analyze the path coefficient (standardized regression
coefficient) between two variables for the effect in between.
IV.

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE SUMMARY (N=318)

RESEARCH FINDING

B.

Correlation
As shown in Table III, the relations of variables of
PEOU to PU, Big Six, ATU and US presented
high positive correlation (r=0.547~0.781, p<.01), meaning
obvious correlation of perceived ease of use to Big Six
of ET Web; the relations of PU to Big Six, ATU and
US presented high positive correlation (r=.0.372~0.750,
p<.01), meaning obvious correlation of PU to ATU of
ET Web; in addition, the relations of variables of Big Six
to ATU and US presented high positive correlation
(r=.0.352~0.374, p<.01), also indicating obvious correlation

A. Demographic Variables
In the study, with convenient sampling method, invited
Taipei high school and junior high school teachers to
participate in the questionnaire, a total of 318 valid
questionnaires has been received, the descriptive statistics of
personal background variable analysis is shown as in Table
II.

7009

TABLE IV.

of Big Six to ATU of ET Web, and the relation of

variable of ATU to US presented high positive
correlation (r=.0.85, p<.01), meaning obvious correlation of
ATU to US of ET Web.
TABLE III.

Factors
PEOU
PU
BIG 6
ATU
US
** P<.01

CORRELATION ANALYSIS SUMMARY (N=318)

PEOU

PU

BIG6

ATU

US

0.781**
0.547**
0.639**
0.685**

0.372**
0.749**
0.750**

0.352**
0.374**

0.850**

PATH ANALYSIS SUMMARY

Factors PEOU
PU

.781***
PEOU

PU
BIG 6
ATU
US
* P<.05; ** P<.001

C. Path analysis
After controlling for gender, age, education level and
years of service and other background variables, firstly,
examined the regression forecast of "PEOU" to "PU "
reached significant level ( =.781; p <.001), the research
hypotheses H1 had obtained statistical support, the further
inference being "PEOU" to "PU" had predictive effect,
indicating obvious positive predict of "EOU" to "PU", that is,
the better "PEOU", the better "PU"

BIG6

ATU

US

.631***
-.121 n.s

.136*
.643***
.352***

.850***

Figure 5. Path Analysis Result

V.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESIONS

A. Conclusions
In the study, the average ET Web user satisfaction
reached 3.41 (SD =.838), showed an intermediate value of
partial satisfaction, presenting the user has a good
satisfaction.
The result shows that the PEOU can predict the PU, the
ATU, and the Big Six. Meanwhile, PU can predict ATU. In
addition, the user scarification can be predicted by ATU and
Big Six respectively.

Then verified the regression forecast of "PEOU" to "Big

Six" reached a significant level ( =.631; p <.001), the
research hypotheses H2 had also obtained statistical support,
the further inference being "PEOU" to "Big Six" had obvious
positive predictive effect, that is, the better "PEOU", the
better information seeking capability of "Big Six".

With PEOU and PU showing positive correlation,

it indicated if users considered information system easy to
use, then users would feel that the system will be useful to
the teaching performance. It presented that the system design
aspect of man-machine interface for users, operating
procedures, in line with user requirements. Meanwhile, the
teaching material searching and resource sharing applications,
also provided users with referential value.

Further verified the regression forecast of PU to

"Big Six" did not reach a significant level, it was known that
the research hypotheses H3 had not obtained statistical
support.
Yet further verified the regression forecast of "PEOU" to
ATU reached a significant level ( =.136; p<.05), the
research hypotheses H4 had also obtained statistical support,
the further inference being "PEOU" to "ATU" had obvious
positive predictive effect, that is, the better "PEOU", the
better change of "ATU".

About the relationship between use behavior and

behavioral intention to use, the study results shown that for
PEOU to Big Six and ATU, the information
seeking feature design of Big Six was better than
ATU, therefore the study results shown regarding
information seeking, the capability of users to use Big
Six was more important than ATU

Then yet further verified the regression forecast of "PU"

to "ATU" reached a significant level (=.643; p<.001), the
research hypotheses H5 had also obtained statistical support,
the further inference being "PU" to "ATU" had obvious
positive predictive effect, that is, the better "PU", the better
change of "ATU".

For the relation of PU to Big Six and

ATU, presented that users considered ET Web equipped
with positive value of elevating teaching performance, and
the importance of information seeking feature design of
Big Six came next, presented that the ET Web users
concern to personal teaching performance affected
behavioral intention to use, and directly influenced to
practical behavior and satisfaction of users.

Then, further verified analysis results that the hypotheses

of Big Six being the intervening variable between
PEOU and ATU sustained, that is, through Big
Six PEOU could partially affect ATU, and the
research hypotheses H6 had obtained support.

B. Suggestions
Through the conclusions of the study, it was found that
teachers of ET Web user, provided with stronger tendency
of Big Six, will be helpful to the speed for the teacher to

Further verified the regression forecast of ATU to

US also reached a significant level (=.850; p<.001),
the research hypotheses H7 had also obtained statistical
support.

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[9]

seek personal needed teaching materials, therefore, for the

coming future ET Web to enhance teachers problem
solving capability with Big Six, will promote teachers
teaching quality.
Based on the above findings, this study suggests that
ET Web should hold series of theme activities for teachers
not using the website for teaching resources, expand
publicity and promotion of new usage; while regularly
evaluates the search engine function of the website for
continuous improvement, stimulates users for repeated
application use in order to reach set up purposes of the
website.

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

The study adopted Big Six as intervening variable

for TAM model, the study results didnt effectively
cover the capability of ET Web usage for teachers, for the
continued future study, could focus on other external
variables, for conducting in-depth study, such as teachers
computer anxiety, computer self-efficacy, computer coping
strategy, and computer literacy.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks to the Information Department of Taiwan, Taipei
City Government Bureau of Education for their assistance;
Professor I-Hua Chang, National Chengchi University,
Department of Education for providing professional advice,
Teacher Zhi-Min Cai, Taipei Datong High School for
reviewing, and the experts for reviewing the questionnaires
with valuable feedbacks, and the full cooperation of school
teachers.
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