Various Types of Vessels

Primitive man made rafts and canoes and later developed paddles and sails to
explore rivers and lakes. With the progress of technology, humans made ships out of
papyrus or wood. They used various types of vessels such as sailing ships,
steamers and luxurious passenger ships for the purpose of carrying out war and
trade, acquiring colonies and transporting cargo and passengers.

Ships of Korea
The Korean people, who settled in the Korean peninsula, were actively involved in
maritime activities and had the skill to build excellent ships. Korea has boasted
excellent ships such as the strongly-built warships of the Goryeo period and the
Geobukseon (turtle ship) of the Joseon period. It has had its share of maritime
heroes as well, such as Jang Bogo, Choi Museon and Yi Sunshin.

Types of Vessels
World marine transportation underwent a complete change in quantity as well as in
quality from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Owing to the Industrial
Revolution, which started in England in the late 18th century, the 64 years between
1850 and 1914 saw an increase of 6.35 times in the world's total tonnage. Ships
were constructed larger and larger with the advancement of ship-building
technologies.

1.Passenger Ships
A passenger ship refers to a ship which conveys more than 12 passengers and is
characterized by a big upper-structure because space for passengers must be
located above the loadline. The design and construction of passenger ships require
advanced ship-building technology. Passenger ships, which became popular in the
19th century, became larger and faster in the 20th century.
Luxury passenger ship
A passenger ship at the end of the 19th century was at most 10,000 tons. However,
the Mauretania, built in 1907, and the Lucitania led the age of 30,000 ton passenger
ships. Then the 1910's saw the appearance of the 40,000 ton class Olympic and
Aquitannia.
The Mauretania, 1907
In 1932, an Italian passenger ship, the Rex and a luxurious French passenger ship,
the Normandie, which was over 80,000 tons, were built. The Queen Mary and the
Queen Elizabeth continued the trend of constructing luxury passenger ship of largesize.
The Lucitania
When France built the 80,000-ton Normandie in 1932, England matched it with the
Queen Mary, which was 1,000 tons heavier than the Normandie.
The Normandie of France

The Titanic
At the beginning of the 20th century when trans-Atlantic liners were thriving, the
White Star Line of England built two luxurious passenger ships, the Olympic in 1910
and the Titanic in 1911.
The Olympic, a passenger ship
The four-chimneyed Titanic with 1,316 passengers and 892 crew members launched
out on its maiden voyage departing Southampton for New York on April 10, 1912.
The Titanic
The Titanic hit against an iceberg!
Around 11:40 p.m. on April, the fourth day of her voyage, the Titanic hit against an
iceberg on the sea 95 miles south of Grand Bank, Newfoundland. The bottom of the
Titanic had a double-hull structure for safety, but at 2:20 a.m. the next day, the ship
completely sank 2 hours 40 minutes after running against the iceberg. The resulting
death total of 815 people was unprecedented in maritime history. Fortunately, the
ship sent an SOS by wireless, an invention by Marconi at the beginning of the
century and the Carpatia was able to arrive at the site of accident to rescue many of
the Titanic's passengers. The accident created a sensation socially as well as in
terms of ship-building technology. A series of safety measures were taken after the
accident.
Liners
The construction of the Queen Mary started in 1930 at the climax of the rule of transAtlantic liners. The ship, launched in the presence of the king and queen of Great
Britain in September, 1934, was placed on the Southampton-New York line. Its
construction began one month earlier than the construction of its rival, the
Normandie, but the Queen Mary was launched one year later than the French ship.
The Queen Mary
The Queen Elizabeth, which went into commission in 1947, was a luxury passenger
ship in every sense. Its first-class cabin on the deck could accommodate 822
passengers. More than 800 passengers could dine in its first-class restaurant. An
onboard theater had 383 seats. The ship could carry 2,288 passengers and needed
1,250 crew members.
The Queen Elizabeth
The Queen Elizabeth II, constructed in 1969, was a 60,000-ton passenger ship. It
could accommodate 748 passengers (including 382 in tourist class and 26 in the first
class cabins). It was equipped with a restaurant with a seating capacity of 500, a
theater with 200 seats and a conference room with a capacity of 125. But the ship
sank in the sea off Hong Kong by a fire of unknown origin.
The Queen Elizabeth II
The Catamaran, an ocean greyhound plying the waters to Ulleungdo

 The Angel
Car Ferry
A car ferry is a passenger ship that also carries automobiles on board. It is equipped
with an automobile deck and a ramp to load the automobiles. Automobile operators
load and unload their automobiles themselves.
The car ferry combines the mass-transporting capacity and cheaper fare of the ship
with speediness and mobility of automobiles. Currently, a car ferry travels between
Busan and Jeju.

2.Cargo Vessels
Cargo vessels are mainly used to carry cargo. Most non-passenger ships are
classified as such. As the main purpose is to transport cargoes, cargo vessels tend
to minimize cabin area and maximize cargo storage capability. Cargo vessels are
designed to transport a large volume of cargo safely and speedily.
Container ships
Container ships carry as many containers as possible in the ship and on deck.
Developed in the late 1960's, container ships revolutionized marine cargo
transportation.
A trailer ship loads and unloads trailers without the use of a derrick, trailers are
directly taken aboard by way of a flying bridge. The car ferry is one example of a
trailer ship.
Roll-on-roll-off containership
The inside of a full lift-on lift-off container ship is divided into long compartments into
which containers are piled vertically.
The Hanjin London
Oil Tankers
Tankers carry bulk products in liquid form such as petroleum, gasoline, malt,
unbottled wine, chemicals, LPG and LNG.
Oil tankers are the most typical tanker.
The Hyundae Banner
A shuttle tanker built by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering
An LPG tanker conveys LPG such as liquified butane and propane gas which is
obtained while refining petroleum. The first LPG tanker was built in the Netherlands
in 1934.

 An LPG tanker
An LNG tanker, conveying liquified natural gas, has a hull structure designed to
conteract high pressures and low temperatures. The first LNG tanker was the
Methane Pioneer built in England in 1959. Hyundae Heavy Industries built the first
LNG tanker in Korea in June, 1994.
An LNG tanker by Hyundae Heavy Industries
Bulk Carrier
A bulk carrier refers to a cargo vessel which carries bulk grain, mineral or coal.
Grain carrier
Mineral container ships transport iron ore, bauxite and limestone. Iron ore, the
material used to make steel, is most often carried. The appearance of a mineral
container ship is similar to that of an oil tanker.
Ore carrier
Wood chips, the main ingredient in the manufacture of paper, are transported in a
specially designed vessel. Unlike grain, wood chips are able to keep equilibrium in a
vessel. Chip containers are made in such a way to maximize the volume of storage
so that a large volume of chips can be carried.
Chip container ship
Special product carriers
Special product carriers are designed for a specific type of cargo and are named
after the cargo they were made to carry.
A chemical tanker was developed to accommodate the growth of the organic
chemical industry. It transports special chemicals in liquid form.
A lash can take lighters or barges loaded with cargo on board. Because it can save
time for loading and unloading cargoes, the lash is very efficient. It does not need the
use of cargo cranes.

Lash
Product carrier
Cement carrier
Chip carrier
Automobile carrier

3.Fishing Vessels
Fishing vessels are used for fishing. The target fish and the location of the fishing
ground determine the size and number of fishing vessels.

Boat for fish pot

Fish pots connected to a line loaded with bait are thrown into the sea at a depth of
3-30m. Pots are pulled out 18-24 hours later with the day's catch. This type of fishing
can be done all around the country, but is most popular at Samcheonpo, Tongyeong
and Yeosu of the South Sea. This method can be used to catch a lot of fish with a
small-sized boat.
Long-line fishing vessel
Long-line fishing throws a series of fishing hooks into the sea. Fish are caught alive.
Flatfish, Alaska pollack, sea bass and small octopus are fished offshore with this
method. Tuna, Alaska pollack and flatfish are caught in deep seas.
Long-line fishing of tuna
Bottom Seine Trawl Fishing Net
Bottom seine trawl fishing refers to the fishing method of dredging the bottom of the
sea with a big sack-like net. Benthic fish, shrimp, octopus and shellfish are caught
with this method.
Bottom seine trawl fishing net: One-boat trawl and two-boat trawl
Trawl boat
In trawl fishing, a winged net located on both sides of the bottom of the boat is
pulled to catch fish.
Trawl boat
At the end of 1996, Korea had 187 trawl boats, among which 111 boats were
engaged in fishing in the Pacific, while 61 were positioned in the Atlantic Ocean. The
other 15 trawlers were located in the Indian Ocean. Alaska pollack, the main species
for which Northern Pacific trawl fishing was used, was popular as a source of protein,
but their fishing ground has been diminishing.
Drift grill net boat
Drift grill net boat
A drift grill net has flow lines and floats attached to the edge of the fishing net. School
of fish are caught in the meshes of the net.
Surrounding net boat
Surrounding net boat
A surrounding net can catch a large quantity of fish with a quadrangular net. A large
school of fish in the surface or middle layer of the sea are surrounded by the net and
then the sides of the net are brought in. The fish caught with this method tend to
congregate or be attracted to fishing lights.
Other types of fishing vessels


Purse seine boat
Tuna boat at the deep sea
Long bag set net
Large surrounding net
Factory Ship
The fish caught at a fishing ground can be processed on board a factory ship. Whale,
crab, trout and salmon are processed. Besides processing the fish, the factory ship
also stores fish products. Factory ships are usually large-sized vessels of thousands
of tons, carrying a number of crew. The Gaecheok and the Bukneung are put into an
Alaska pollack fishing ground in the Northern Pacific.
Independent Fishing Boat
In deep sea fishing, an independent fishing boat catches fish and conveys them to a
factory ship or the fishing base. When fishing ships were not big enough to be
equipped with freezing and processing facilities, the fishing fleet had one factory ship
and several catcher boats. But as the size of the fishing ship increased, independent
fishing boats came to be equipped with their own freezing and processing facilities.
Net boat
A net boat tugs the net. It is equipped with a crank or winch to draw in a net. It is a
fast-moving ship because it has to encircle the fish school and draw the net in rapidly.
The net boats used in purse seine fishing to catch mackerel and horse mackerel are
usually 100 tons with 300 -400 horse powers. They work with fish finding ships, fish
carrying boats and small barges.
Fish finding vessel
Fish finding vessels locate schools of fish by means of an ultrasonic wave fish finder.

4. Working Ships
Working ships are engaged in various kinds of special task. Working ships include
barges, push boats, crane ships, dredgers, cable layers, gold mining vessels and
salvage boats.
Barge
A barge tugs another vessel or raft. Considering its relatively small size, it has a
powerful engine and a pulling device. It is used to tug or pilot another vessel to and
out of a harbor.
Logs weighing 60 tons are transported from the African forest to Europe using a
trailer-barge.
Barges are used in harbors, inland seas, lakes, rivers and canals to carry cargo. The
boat which carries cargo between two points is called a barge, while the boat, which
loads and unloads cargo on behalf of large-sized vessels in a harbor, is called a
lighter.

 A barge
Push Boat
A push boat pushes other vessel to a quay in the harbor. In case the channel is too
narrow to use ordinary tug boats, a push boat and a barge combine forces to push
larger vessels.
Push boat
Crane Boat
Crane barge: Consisting of a block of large structures on the sea, a crane barge is
over 100m long and does various kinds of jobs.
Drill Ship: In order to develop resources found in continental shelves, various
excavating structures are used.
Drilling Rig
A crane boat has an ordinary ship body combined with a crane.
Crane boat
Dredger
A dredger is equipped with facilities to dredge soil, sand, gravel and stone from the
bottom of a river, harbor or seaway. A dredger is used to deepen the water's depth,
to collect soil, sand or mineral underwater, to lay foundation for underwater
structures or dredge wastes from the sea bottom.
Cable-layer
A cable-layer is used to lay or repair cables under the sea. The boat usually has
three pulleys at the bows and one smaller pulley at the stern.
Cable-repairing boat
Gold mining vessel
This boat is used to mine placer gold. The boat draws in soil and water and extracts
gold from the soil.
Salvage boat
A salvage boat salvages vessels that have been in accidents such as collisions,
grounding, fire or sinking. The salvage boat should have a powerful engine, a
tugging device and a durable body as well as special devices for putting out fires
even in hostile weather conditions. It also has first-aid equipment and can drain
water from a wrecked vessel.

5.Sailing Vessels and Yachts

Using a sail on board, sailing boats are powered by wind. Traditionally, small sailing
boats have been equipped only with sails. These days, however, most sailing boats
are equipped with sails and an ancillary engine to use both the wind and engine

power.
Sailing boats originated in Egypt a few centuries B.C. In the 15th century, square sail
boats with three masts were made along with the development of commercial
capitalism. A sailing boat with 5-6 square sails on one mast was introduced in the
18th century.
The 19th century was the period of trade: Silk and tea were imported from China to
Europe, while gold was imported from the New World. It was also the golden age of
sailing boats epitomized by fast-sailing clippers. Clippers are still being used in some
countries as a training ship for navy or seamen.
Ship Type: This is the basic type of ocean-going sailing ships. It has three masts,
each of which has a yard and square sails .
Barque Type: This type of sailing ship has three masts .
Barquentine type: Barquentine type of boat has three masts. The square sail is
placed on the foremast only, while the other masts have fore-and-aft sails
Brigantine type: It is similar to the brig type, but does not have the sail at the bottom
of the main mast.
Schooner type: It has more than two masts, which have fore-and-aft sales only.
There were 6-masted ships in the early 20th century. In the past, schooners were
used in ocean voyage or for fishing, but their number has decreased due to the
development of ship engine technology.
Lugger type: A lugger has two masts, each of which have one lugsail.
Cutter type: A cutter is loaded on a vessel in order to be used to carry a small
number of people and cargo, or as a lifeboat. Developed in England, it has quite a
big fore-and-aft sail on the mast. It is usually moved by 8-12 oars, but there are
sometimes cutters which have one or two masts and sails.
A motor-powered sailing vessel refers to a motor boat with sails or a ship equipped
with an internal combustion engine and sails. Most coastal carriers, which transport
coal, gravel and other products, belong to this type of "truck on the sea."
motor-powered sailing vessel
Yacht
A yacht is a small sailing boat developed in the West for sports or excursions.
Nowadays some yachts are equipped with a motor engine. The size of yachts varies
from small ones used in rivers or lakes to boats of hundreds of tons for ocean
voyages or for racing.

Yachts are classified by the type of sails into catrig, sloop, cutter, yawl, ketch and

schooler. Yawl, ketch and schooner are classified as large-sized yachts.

Boat
A boat is a small vessel without a deck. Usually a boat refers to a small vessel
which carries passengers and cargo between the main vessel and the wharf or
which is loaded on naval vessels. It is also used for racing or excursion.
The motor boat is powered by an internal combustion engine. The bottom of the
boat is flat and the stern is lower than the bow. By adding steps, the boat can reduce
the resistance of water and gain a speed of faster than 100 km/h. A hydrofoil boat is
equipped with small wings for buoyancy.
Motor boat
Kayak
A kayak is a small boat used by Eskimos for sea fishing in summer. It is usually a
single-seater and light enough to be carried by one person. It is fast, but the center
of gravity is low enough to endure high waves. Even when the kayak is capsized, it
can be put back by using oars. It is usually used in Greenland but is also found in
some parts of Canada. The kayak is widely used for racing.
Canoe
A canoe is a primitive type of long boat without rudder and keel. The canoe
appeared all around the world in the Neolithic age. Though it is made out of a whole
log, the bark boat of the Ainu and American Indians and the skin canoes like the
Eskimo's kayak also belong to the type of boat. The Eskimos wrapped animal skin
around a frame of wood or animal bones because big logs were not available.
Canoes were used for trade and fishing.