SOLID WASTE OR

REFUSE DISPOSAL

Prepared by:
Herda Balqis Ismail
Faculty of Civil Engineering
UiTM Johor
Kampus Pasir GUdang

LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, students are able
to:
Discuss the solid waste collection system
for a building
Describe the disposal method of solid
waste
Explain the safety precaution and control
of the building utilities

Definition of Waste

Waste is defined as any

substance/object that you
discard, intend to discard,
or are required to discard

an unwanted/undesired
material/ substance. It is also
referred to as rubbish, trash,
garbage, or junk depending
upon the type of material
and the regional terminology

Serpell and Alarcon (1998),

defined waste as any
material by-product of
human and industrial
activity that has no residual
value

Categories of waste
The categories of waste are defined as:
domestic
commercial
industrial
institutional
construction debris
Waste from road and drain cleaning and
grass cutting.

Composition of waste

Most waste is comprised of the following materials.

Paper - newspaper*, office paper*, packing

materials, cardboard*

Plastic - beverage containers*, packing

materials , bottles*

Metals - cans*, scrap metals*, appliances*,

building materials*

Glass - windows*, bottles*

Food waste and organic material - leaves,

peelings and scraps, spoiled food, grass
clippings

Human and animal waste

Wood - furniture, building materials, pallets*

Waste Composition
Area: Kuala Lumpur
No.

Source Of Waste

Residential

Commercial Institutional

1.

Food waste &

organic

63.1

76.8

40.6

2.

Mix paper

6.7

7.6

16.0

3.

Mix plastics

14.3

9.0

17.2

4.

Textiles

1.7

0.5

0.7

5.

Rubber & leather

0.6

0.3

0.1

6.

Yard waste

6.3

0.9

18.4

7.

Glass

2.1

0.9

1.5

8.

Ferrous

2.3

1.4

2.8

9.

Aluminum

0.1

0.1

1.3

10.

Others

2.8

2.5

1.4
Source: Nazeri 2002

COLLECTION SYSTEM
Refuse

bin
Refuse Chutes
Garchey system
Sink Grinder
Technocuum system - using pneumatic suction
Centralsug System - using pneumatic suction

(a) Refuse bins

This

is for non high

rise flats.
Refuse gathered
into disposable
plastic bags &
placed inside bins
to be collected by
lorries

(b) Refuse Chutes

Refuse Chute + Refuse Container lorries

Refuse Chute + incinerator lorries

Refuse

chutes is a hollow shaft, built in the high

rise flat or circular, square or rectangilar shaped.

At

the top is ventilation vent, every floor inlet

hopper & at the bottom is refuse container or
incinerator

(b) Refuse Chutes

Lorries

will collect the refuse from refuse

container & refuse ashes from incinerator

(b) Refuse
Chutes

Refuse Chute + Refuse Container lorries

(b) Refuse
Chutes

Refuse Chute + Incineratorlorries

Compactor
Trucks

c) Garchey System
Consist

of :
Special sink unit
+ stack pipe(waste pipe)
+ collection chamber
+ vacuum lorries
+ sewer

c) Garchey System

c) Garchey System

d) Sink Grinders
Refuse

insert into sink outlet, run water, close

plug, ON electrical switch- built in electrical
motor runs cutting ring ( grinder), becomes
smaller debris, flow with water into sewer.
Only for small biodegradable waste
Preferable less corkage

d) Sink Grinders

d) Sink Grinders

e) Technocuum System
Suitable

for high rise flats.

Using normal chutes, refuse is collectable
at underground refuse container and
then sucked at interval by lorries

e) Technocuum System

http://www.p2pays.org/ref/26/japan/Waste-011.html

e) Technocuum
System

http://www.hitachi-elev.com.hk/eng/products/other_product03_01.htm

e) Technocuum System

http://www.gec.jp/JSIM_DATA/WASTE/WASTE_1/html/Doc_350.html

f) Centralsug System

Suitable for high rise flats.

Using normal chutes, but
have pressure container
at the bottom central
suction pipe is linked to
this container to the
central incinerator.
Suitable for high rise
housing estate due to
large initial capital
involve.
System Concept

f) Centralsug System

f) Centralsug System

http://www.stpc.co.kr/english/ecentralsug.htm

f) Centralsug System

The rubbish vacuum transports waste underground.

Disposal Method
All

the waste collected either not treated

or partially treated must be disposed

Method

available:

Sea Dumping
Open land Dumping
Controlled landfill
Incinerator
Recycle Plant
Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

Sea Dumping
Unhygienic
Environment

risk

Photo courtesy of the U.S. Army,

In 1964, mustard gas canisters
are pushed into the Atlantic
Ocean off New Jersey. Millions of
pounds were dumped this way.

An open-air garbage dump tarnishes the

sapphire coast of Barrow, Alaska. Trash
that makes its way into the oceans
decomposes very slowly, littering
coastlines, polluting ground water, and
harming marine creatures that mistake
the trash for food.

Since the planet have a really big problem with garbage storage, people are
making some really radical moves. Here you will see how one American
company dumping broken trains in the see dept. If you ask me, this is so wrong.

Open land dumping

Unhygienic
Environment

risk

Open land dumping

Controlled landfill

Controlled landfill

Incinerator
Hikarigaoka Stoker Type Incineration
Plant, Nerima Ward, Tokyo

Maintenance
Smoke
emission

Hikarigaoka
High-Rise
Apartments

Hikarigaoka
University
Hospital

Incinerator

Waste segregation bins

Recycle Plant
High

Capital
Environmental friendly
Long term profit

Wastewater Treatment Plant

For

sink unit and

Sink grinder
High capital BUT
Environmental
friendly