L
x
Q.2
Solar
pond
FIGURE P217
Q.3
Q.4
Consider a long rectangular bar of length a in the x-direction and width b in the ydirection that is initially at a uniform temperature of Ti. The surfaces of the bar at x=0 and
y=0 are insulated, while heat is lost from the other two surfaces by convection to the
surrounding medium at temperature T with a heat transfer coefficient of h. Assuming
constant thermal conductivity and transient two-dimensional heat transfer with no heat
$2 T 1
!
$x2 %
fer with no heat generation, express the mathematical formulation (the differential equation and the boundary and initial
conditions) of this heat conduction problem. Do not solve.
Ti
h
a
FIGURE P2121
generation, write the differential equation and the boundary and initial conditions of this
Assuming
constant
and
formwhile
heat flux
q h. right
temperature of T1=80C
the
side
losesthermal
heat conductivity
by convection
to the surrounding
kind of differential equations can be solved by
steady two-dimensional
heat transfer,
express
the 120
mathematical
2
cen58933_ch02.qxd
9/10/2002
8:47
AM
Page
air at T =25C with formulation
a heat transfer
coefficient
oftheh=30W/m
C. Assuming constant
?
(the differential
equation and
boundary conditions)no
of heat
this heat
conduction problem.
Do not solve.
thermal
conductivity
generation
in the wall,
(a) write the differential equation
er a third order linear
and homogeneous
dif- and
n. How many arbitrary
constants
will
its
gen2123E Consider
a large one-dimensional
plane wall of thickness Lheat
# 0.5conduction
ft
and the boundary conditions
for steady
through the
lve?
and thermal conductivity k # 1.2 Btu/h ft F. The wall
wall, (b) obtain a relation
for the variation of temperature in the wall by solving the
is covered with a material that has an emissivity of $ # 0.80
s
differential equation, and
(c)
evaluate
of heat
transfer
through
and a solar
absorptivity
of rate
% # 0.45.
The inner
surface
of the the wall.
120the
HEAT TRANSFER
wall is maintained
at T1 # 520 R at all times, while the outer
r a small hot metal object of mass m and spesurface is exposed
to solar radiation
thatradioactive
is incident at a material
rate of
s initially at a temperature
Ti. Now the obQ.6 ofConsider
a homogeneous
spherical
piece
of
of radius
r0 =5uniform
cm heat generation i
276C
Consider
ofBtu/h
r ! r1ftto2. rThe
! router
discussis the
results.
Use
the
range
2, and
#
300
surface
also
losing
heat
by
qthe
cool in an environment at T" by convection
solar
sphere
of
equal
radius
made of the same ma
EES (or other) software.
that is generating heat
at a constant rate of g=5x107 W/m3. The environment.
heat generated
is
Which geometry
will have a h
270 In a food processing facility, a spherical container of
atisitsmaintained
center? Why? at a
dissipated to the environment
steadily.
The
outer
surface
of
the
sphere
inner radius r1 ! 40 cm, outer radius r2 ! 41 cm, and thermal
277
A 2-kW
resistance
uniform temperature of
70C and
thermal
conductivity
ofwater
the and
sphere
is k=15
W/m
C. heater wire with th
conductivity
k ! 1.5
W/m C
is used to store hot
to
ity
of
k
!
20
W/m
C,
keep
it
at
100C
at
all
times.
To
accomplish
this,
the
outer
surAssuming steady one-dimensional heat transfer, (a) write the differential equation and thea diameter of D ! 5
of L ! 0.7 m is used to boil water. If the out
face of the container is wrapped with a 500-W electric strip
boundary conditions for
heat
conduction
through
the
sphere,
(b)
obtain
a relation
for the
ature
of the resistance
wire is Ts ! 110C, d
heater and then insulated. The temperature of the inner surface
perature
at the and
center (c)
of the wire.
variation of temperature
the issphere
theat alldifferential
equation,
of the in
container
observedby
to besolving
nearly 100C
times. Assuming
of the
determine the temperature
at10thepercent
center
of heat
the generated
sphere. in the heater is lost
through the insulation, (a) express the differential equation and
the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional heat conQ.7 In a food processing
spherical
container
offorinner
radius r1 =40 cm, outer
duction facility,
through theacontainer,
(b) obtain
a relation
the vari110C
ation
of
temperature
in
the
container
material
by
solving
the
radius r2 =42 cm, and thermal conductivity k =1.2 W/m C is used to store hot water and
differential equation, and (c) evaluate the outer surface temto keep it at 100C at perature
all times.
accomplish
this, the
outerwater
surface
of the container 0is
of theTo
container.
Also determine
how much
at
r
100C
this
tank
can
supply
steadily
if
the
cold
water
enters
wrapped with a 600-W electric strip heater and then insulated. The temperature of the
at 20C.
D
Insulation
Hot
water
0
Resistance
heater
Electric
heater
r1
r2
FIGURE P277
r
100C
Spherical
container
T(r) !
FIGURE P270
g r02
r
1" r
0
k
$ ! " ##T
2
279
differential equation and the boundary conditions for steady one-dimensional heat
conduction through the container, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in
the container material by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the outer
surface temperature of the container. Also determine how much water at 100C this tank
can supply steadily if the cold water enters at 20C.
Q.8
Consider a water pipe of length L=15 m, inner radius r1=15 cm, outer radius r2=20
cm, and thermal conductivity k=15W/mC. Heat is generated in the pipe material
uniformly by a 30-kW electric resistance heater. The inner and outer surfaces of the pipe
are at T1=50C and T2=80C, respectively. Obtain the relation for temperature
distribution in the pipe at steady state and determine the temperature at the center plane
of the pipe.
Q.10 Consider a cylindrical shell of stainless steel of length L, inner radius r1, and outer
cone whose curved surface are well insulated while the base and the top are maintained at
constant temperatures. The circular cross section of the cone has a diameter of D=ax
where a=0.25. The small end is at x=50mm with T1=400K while the large end is at
x=100mm with T2=600K.