----------------------- Page 1----------------------APARTMENT DESGIN

Click to edit Master subtitle styleLITERATURE STUDY

BY SNEHA.K
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 2----------------------ANTHROPOMETRICS
1/19/13
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----------------------- Page 5----------------------LIVING ROOM
Minimum
Requirements :
A living room for a
three- or fourbedroom dwelling unit
requires more space
for its occupants than
one for a one- or twobedroom dwelling unit
.
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----------------------- Page 6----------------------Planning
consideration :
should include
adequate floor
and wall space for
furniture
groupings,
separation of
trafficways from
centers of
activity, and ease
of access to
furniture and

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 7----------------------Each living unit should contain space for the

purpose of dining . This area may be

combined with the living room or kitchen, or
may be a separate room .
The amount of space allocated to dining
should be based on the number of persons to
be served and the proper circulation space.
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----------------------- Page 8----------------------DINNING ROOM AND
KITCHEN
Space for accommodating
the following
sizes of tables and chairs in
the dining area
should be provided,
according to the
intended occupancy, as
shown :
1 or2 persons: 2 ft 6 in by 2
ft 6 in
4 persons: 2 ft 6 in by 3 ft 2
in
6persons. 3 ft 4 in by 4 ft 0
1/19/13
in or 4 ft 0 in
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----------------------- Page 11----------------------Space Criterion
The size of the kitchen should be determined oy
the number of bedrooms provided in the
delwing unit . Work centers for the following
equipment, cabinets, and space for their use
should be provided :
1 . Range space with base and wall cabinet at
one side for serving and storage of utensils and
staples.
2. Sink and base cabinet with counter space on
each side forcleanup. Wall cabinets for storage )
f dinnerware .
3. Refrigerator space with counter space at
latch side of the refrigerator door.
4 . Mixing counter and base cabinet for
electrical appliances and utensil storage.
Wall cabinet for staple storage.
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----------------------- Page 12----------------------1/19/13

----------------------- Page 13----------------------BATHROOM
A bathroom should
have enough area to
accommodate a
lavatory, a water
closet, and a bathtub
or shower.
Arrangement for
fixtures should
provide for
comfortable use of
each fixture and
permit at least 90
door swing unless
sliding doors are used.
The bathroom should
be convenient to the
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----------------------- Page 17----------------------BEDROOM
Ideally, the
recommended
minimum bedroom
size should be
10'0"x 12"0"
exclusive of
closets, while the
recommended
minimum size for a
larger bedroom or
master bedroom
should be 12'0" x
16'0" exclusive of
closets . A larger
proportion of the
bedroom floor

42 in at one side or foot of

bed for
dressing
6 in between side of bed
and side of
dresser or chest

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----------------------- Page 18-----------------------

FURNITURE
ARRANGEMENTS
The location of doors and
windows should
permit alternate furniture
arrangements .
36 inches in front of
dresser, closet, and
chest of drawers
24 in for major circulation
path (door to
closet, etc.)
22 in on one side of bed for
circulation
12 in on least used side of
double bed .
The least-used side of a
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 19----------------------Entry And Accessibility
Standards
Building entries are to:
(a) reinforce a desirable pattern
of entries along a street
frontage;
(b) be clearly visible from
streets or internal driveways
so that
(c) visitors can easily identify
an individual apartment;
(d) provide a sense of
address, shelter and
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 20----------------------Frequent building entries are
required in urban environments.
Multiple building entries are
required where front building
setbacks are less than 6 m
and the frontage is over 15 m
long. Multiple building entries
may include common building
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 21----------------------Streetscape
There is nothing more
alienating than rows of
houses hidden behind
two metre high fences
blocking giving passersby no sense of whether

the homes are occupied

or not. Healthy
communities are ones in
which positive social
interaction is
encouraged
Eg. Fences low enough
to talk over and placing
mailboxes in shared
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 22----------------------Internal Common Areas,
Circulation Areas &
Apartment Entries
Standards
Clear lines of sight and well-lit routes
are required throughout the
development. In this regard, the routes from
car parking areas and public areas via the
lift and stair lobbies to the apartment
areparticularly important. Circuitous narrow
routes and places that allow concealment
shall not be approved e.g. deep alcoves or
numerous corners along a corridor.
Guidance
It is good practice for fire doors and smoke
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 23----------------------Common circulation areas should achieve the
following minimum dimensions:
a) A common lobby area with a dimension of 2 m in
any direction outside a lift or main staircase (not
applicable to a fire stair which is in addition to a
lift or a main stair access);
b) Up to 4 m corridor length from common lobby =
1.5 m width;
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 24----------------------c) Up to 8 m corridor length
from common lobby = 1.8
m width;
Greater than 8 m corridor
length from common lobby
= 2.0 m
width.
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 25----------------------The number of apartment units per floor accessible from a
common lobby is limited to a maximum of nine. This

includes all apartments served by corridors and balcony

walkways that are accessed by either lift(s), stair(s) or
directly from the street.
Higher amenity is created
through multiple common
a high proportion of dual
Lower amenity is
aspect apartments
created by a double
loaded corridor that
increases proportion
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 26----------------------Walk-up apartment buildings (i.e. where no
passenger lift is provided) have a maximum stair
rise of three storey, with an additional stair rise
only permitted as access to an upper level within
a third storey apartment unit.
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 27----------------------Accessibility
In the case of apartments
and most multi-unit
dwellings the need for
vertical circulation can be a
dominant consideration.
Although apartment
buildings can be designed as
walk-ups this results in
access problems for all but
the most able people any
of whom may themselves be
disabled at any time by a
vehicle accident or illness.
The provision of lifts
addresses the issue of
access but they add costs
and require additional

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 28----------------------Visual Privacy

Standards
Windows and balconies of
an upper floor level
apartment are to be
designed to prevent
overlooking of more than
50% of the private open
space of a lower floor level
apartment, either within the

same development or
adjoining development.
screening zone between
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 29----------------------Where architectural devices, such as
screening devices, high window sills or
obscure glass, are used to prevent
overlooking, they should be integrated with
the building design and have minimal
negative effect on amenity for residents or
neighbours.
Locating building
functions at internal
corners such as stairs
and lifts, improves
visual privacy.

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 30----------------------Natural Ventilation and

Daylight
Naturalventilationisanimportantaspectofapartm
entdesignbecauseit ensures regular exchange of
fresh air which is essential for maintaining
comfortablelivingenvironment.The
orientation,configurationand articulation of the
building envelope of both the building and each
apartment
mustbeconsideredifadequatenaturalventilationis
tobeachieved. Good design which achieves
appropriate natural ventilation in apartment units and
Room depth from window is
buildingswilleliminatetheneedformechanicalvent
between 6 m to 9 m =
ilationandair conditioning.
minimum ceiling height 2.7
m
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 31----------------------Room depths from window is
greater than 9 m = minimum ceiling
height 3.0 m
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 32----------------------Cross ventilation
Natural
Any building

and stack effect

ventilation

opposite a
window to a

habitable room is
limited in height
by a plane
projected at 600
above horizontal
from 750 mm
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 33----------------------Acoustic Privacy
Standards
Apartments near commercial activities should
be designed with regard to the potential noise
from those activities by locating noise-sensitive
sleeping and living areas and private open
spaces away from the noise source and by
incorporating appropriate noise reduction
measures in the external walls of the building.
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 34----------------------Streetscape and Public
Areas
Standards
Buildings are to be sited and designed to
avoid excessive cut and fill, particularly
adjacent to boundaries.
On major avenues, where a proposal does
not build to the side boundary, at least one
side boundary setback should be available for
deep-rooted planting.
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----------------------- Page 35----------------------Common Space
Common open spaces are
to be not less than 20% of
the total site area. The
calculation of the common
open space is not to
include front setbacks or
narrow strips of residual
land not visually or
physically incorporated into
the area, or areas not
readily accessible by
residents.

Ensure sufficient deep

soil zones are provided
within the common
open space to enable
the establishment and
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----------------------- Page 36-----------------------

Private Open Space

The minimum area of
screened private open
space for each ground
floor apartment is 24
m2. The minimum
dimension in one
direction is 4 m, to be
directly off a main
living area and is to
be located to
maximise solar
access. Space for
service functions,

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 37----------------------Private open space is to be directly

accessible from at least one living area.
All balconies/terraces are to be integrated
into the overall architectural form and detail
of the building. Successful integration of
balconies shall not negatively impact on
Balconies should be
solar access to apartments.
designed to provide privacy
to residents and to screen
household items. Use of
fully transparent
balustrades to balconies
should be avoided on lower
level balconies facing public
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 38----------------------Renewable energy
Photovoltaic panels are
less cost effective on
apartment buildings as
there are more
dwellings per site area
compared with the roof
area available to carry
the panels.
Nevertheless, the
provision of PVs can be
very worthwhile as the
energy captured can be
used to offset the

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 39----------------------Shading

Shading
should be
dealt with

according to
the same
principles that
apply to
detached
homes. With
multi-level
buildings it
may be
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----------------------- Page 40----------------------Sustainable landscapes
The extent of
landscaping
associated with
these dwelling
types varies
considerably,
ranging from
environments
dominated with
hard surfaces with
very limited
plantings to leafy,
substantial
vegetation

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 41----------------------Fire issues

Fire regulations may
determine outcomes that
seem to be less than
ideal from a
sustainability
perspective. It may not
be possible, for instance,
to ensure that all
Lightwells and atriums need
bathrooms and wet areas careful design consideration if
can have both natural
there is to be any attempt to use
light and ventilation.
them as part of a passive design
strategy. It is advisable to explore
Given the short
this sort of issue early in the
1/19/13
occupancy periods of
design process and discuss
----------------------- Page 42----------------------Thermal mass
Multi-storey buildings often
require dense concrete cores,
particularly for elements like
stair and lift wells. Multi-unit
dwellings demand good fire

separation that is often most

economically and effectively
provided by using concrete
construction whether pre-cast,
in-situ or as blockwork. In each
case the high density concrete
elements can provide excellent
thermal mass. Its situation in
the core of an apartment or as
party walls in well insulated
houses is good placement for
thermal mass and should be
incorporated as such into the
overall design strategy.
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 43----------------------Windows and glazing
Double glazing is advisable
for all climate zones. As well
as providing thermal
insulation it provides
additional acoustic insulation
that can be a real asset in
denser, urban environments.
Openable windows require
careful consideration in
multi-level buildings and
there are often regulatory
controls over the extent to
1/19/13
----------------------- Page 44----------------------Services
Co-ordinate the location of piped
services such as water and gas
supply and waste waterremoval
: withintheapartment ;
acrossthebuildingfloorplan
; and vertically through the
building.
Design services to minimise any
acoustic transmission.
Designservicestoensurethey
donotcompromise
visualamenity or presenation
ofthebuilding.
Plan apartments within the
building so that service areas are
adjacent to one another. This
promotes a co-ordinated service
design and limits the effect of
noise from services on adjacent
apartments.
Insulate pipes for acoustic

1/19/13

----------------------- Page 45----------------------Materials

Choose
enduringmaterials
thatareeasytomaintai
nandretaintheir
appearance overtime.
Choose materials that are
fit for purposing. exterior
tiles that are exposed to
Considertheuseofdiffer
the elements should be
non-slip.
entmaterials
tobreakdownthe
Consider the use
scaleoflarge buildings.
oflocalmaterials
When using combination of
1/19/13