To design a sewage treatment plant (STP) for Universiti Teknologi Petronas to meet
sewage discharge of Standard A.
INTRODUCTION
Universiti Teknologi Petronass Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) was built to
treat all municipal wastewater from the students villages (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and
V6). According to law and regulations, the effluent discharged from the treatment
plant must meet the requirement stated in Environment Quality Act (EQA) 1974.
Standard A and Standard B of EQA 1974 are stated as below:
Parameter
Unit
Standards
A
C (Celcius)
40
40
6.0-9.0
5.5-9.0
BOD5 at 20C
mg/l
20
50
COD
mg/l
120
200
Suspended Solids
mg/l
50
100
Mercury
mg/l
0.005
0.05
Cadmium
Chromium,
Hexavalent
mg/l
0.01
0.02
mg/l
0.05
0.05
Arsenic
mg/l
0.05
0.1
Cyanide
mg/l
0.05
0.1
Lead
mg/l
0.1
0.5
Chromium, Trivalent
mg/l
0.2
Copper
mg/l
0.2
Manganese
mg/l
0.2
Nickel
mg/l
0.2
Tin
mg/l
0.2
Zinc
mg/l
Boron
mg/l
Iron (Fe)
mg/l
Phenol
mg/l
0.001
Free Chlorine
mg/l
Temperature
pH Value
Parameter
Unit
Standards
A
mg/l
20
50
mg/l
10
10
mg/l
10
Sulphide
mg/l
0.5
0.5
mg/l
10
mg/l
mg/l
10
20
Nitrate-Nitrogen
(river)
Nitrate-Nitrogen
(enclosed water body)
Phosphorous
(enclosed water body)
Ammoniacal
Nitrogen (river)
Raw Sewage
Pumping
Station
Distribution
Chamber
Anoxic
Zone
Aeration
Tank
Secondary
Screen
Chamber
Grit
Remover
Chamber
Sedimentation
Tank
Chlorination
Tank
RAS
Sludge Dewatering
Facilities
Drying bed
Solid
Landfill area
Liquor of sand bed/
filter press to primary
screen chamber of STP.
Filter Press
8% to 10% solid
contents dewatered
sludge
Solid
Landfill area
Treated
effluent of
plant.
Tank Anoxic
Tank Anoxic
Primary
Screen
Aeration Tank
Aeration Tank
Pump
Station
Secondary
Screen
Grit
Chamber
Grease
Trap
Secondary
Clarifier
Secondary
Clarifier
Chlorination
Tank
Gravity
Thickener
Drying
Bed
Process
The step by step processes of the plant, the defects of the plant, and the
rectification methods can be summarized as so:
Process
Defects
Suggested Rectification
The cover to cover up the hole
should be made into a bigger one
so that leakage does not happen
this time.
In the second case the water level
can be raised to a higher level or
the holes can be lowered down
so that the wastewater is able to
go through to undergo the
Manual Bar Screen process.
Wastewater
from
the
university,
namely
washrooms,
cafeteria
kitchens, labs (including the
chemical labs of Building
3,4and 5), etc will flow
through here.
The Automated Bar Screen
is used to automatically
scrap away large solid
waste to a rubbish bin.
c)Grit Chamber
-After the Sludge Pump
Sump, the wastewater is
now transported to the grit
chamber. The main use of
the grit chamber is to settle
the heavymetals and to
separate the suspended
solids from the wastewater.
e)Anoxic Chamber
-Since all the processes that
the
wastewater
went
through before were not in
working condition, in the
end the wastewater now is
full with suspended solids
by the time it is sent to this
process.
The
anoxic
chamber is used to mix the
wastewater without aeration
with one propeller within it.
1. Out off the two oil and grease 1. The first chamber should be
chambers the one that is
repaired as soon as possible
being used is not in working
while the other chamber should
condition while the other has
be able to interchange during
not been used since the start
operation as not to waste
of operation.
resources.
collects rainwater.
The aeration tank uses
bacteria to degrade organic
matters. As the degrading
process begins the bacteria
starts to multiply. When the
bacteria concentration is too
high in the aeration tank,
the water will be flown to
the clarifier. The biomass
that has been degraded will
settle there.
g)Clarifier
When the clarifier is too
concentrated with biomass,
the wastewater will be
pumped back to the anoxic
chamber to remove NO3
(recycle process) or the
biomass is sent to the
thickener to be thrown
away. There is a scrapper to
remove any solid waste in
the clarifier. The clarifier is
an oval tank, which the
water at the top part of the
tank will flow into the
effluent tank. The effluent
tank will flow the water to
the chlorination tank.
h)Thickener
The sludge will be flown
into the sludge chamber,
where it goes to the sludge
1.
i)Chlorination Tank
Parameter Used
Flow rate = 320m3/h = 7680m3/d
Temperature = 20C
Clarifier Height = 30ft = 9.144m
Based on wastewater laboratory results:
30
20
10
0
Time Of Day(h)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Hour
Since that the BOD, COD and TSS obtained from the laboratory experiment is too small,
therefore the influent BOD, COD and TSS from the typical composition of untreated
domestic wastewater(Table 3.15).
BOD = 200 mg/L
COD = 430 mg/L
TSS = 200 mg/L
Assuming the students population equivalent is 23000 PE.
23000 x 225L/day = 5175 m3/d (Q= 7680m3/d as the influent flow rate)
Laboratory Result
Aeration Tank Sample 1
Aeration Tank Sample 2
Aeration Tank Sample 3
MLSS
1950.00
2400.00
2466.67
MLVSS
1500.00
1866.67
2250.00
Sample
Name
Influe
nt
6am
Influe
nt
7am
Influe
nt
8am
Influe
nt 10
am
Influe
nt
11m
Influe
nt
12pm
Influe
nt
1pm
Influe
nt
2pm
Influe
nt
3pm
Influe
nt
4pm
Influe
nt
6pm
Influe
nt
7pm
Influe
nt
8pm
Influe
nt
9pm
Influe
nt
10pm
Influe
nt
12am
Influe
nt
2am
Influe
nt
5am
Bottle
of
sample
Nitrate,
NO3(mg/L)
Ammon
ia, NH3(mg/L)
Phospho
rus, PO3(mg/L)
Sample
Name
Bottle of
sample
Nitrate,
NO3(mg/L)
Ammon
ia, NH3(mg/L)
Phospho
rus, PO3(mg/L)
I1
1.70
3.40
3.20
Effluen
t 6am
E1
4.00
-0.60
2.10
I2
1.30
4.30
3.00
Effluen
t 7am
E2
3.50
-0.40
2.35
I3
1.50
5.20
2.80
Effluen
t 8am
E3
3.80
1.60
3.15
I5
0.60
2.00
2.65
E5
3.10
-0.10
2.15
I6
0.30
5.90
3.70
I7
0.75
7.50
overdos
e
Effluen
t 2pm
3.20
-0.50
2.70
I8
1.20
7.90
3.80
Effluen
t 3pm
E10
0.25
-0.30
4.95
I9
1.00
6.90
4.75
Effluen
t 4pm
E11
2.30
0.80
3.10
I10
0.70
7.50
4.35
Effluen
t 6pm
E13
0.81
-1.00
3.40
I11
1.00
6.10
3.15
Effluen
t 7pm
E14
1.50
-0.70
3.00
I13
3.40
7.10
3.15
Effluen
t 8pm
E15
1.30
-0.03
3.62
I14
0.80
6.90
1.70
Effluen
t 9pm
E16
0.54
-2.00
3.15
I15
0.70
7.40
4.85
Effluen
t 10pm
E17
0.53
-0.10
2.65
I16
-0.40
9.30
4.80
Effluen
t 12am
E19
0.40
-0.10
5.75
I17
-0.20
6.50
3.60
Effluen
t 2am
E21
1.90
0.10
3.00
I19
1.90
8.40
3.85
Effluen
t 5am
E24
3.60
0.60
2.30
I21
0.40
5.70
3.75
Anoxic
Tank
1.80
4.40
7.20
I24
1.40
5.80
2.75
Aerati
on
Tank
1.90
6.40
3.20
Effluen
t 10
am
Effluen
t 11
am
E6
E9
TKN = 40mg/L
From the average of composite sample,
NH4-N= 6.322 mg/L, NO3-N= 1.0028mg/L, TP = 3.325mg/L
Alkalinity as CaCO3 =140mg/L as CaCO3
SVI = 370mL/g
Qw Wasting Flowrate = 4L/min = 0.24m3/h = 5.76m3/day
Constituent
BOD
COD
TSS
MLVSS
TKN
NH4-N
TP
Alkalinity
MLVSS
Effluent TSS
A) Size of aeration tank required (compare with the present size volume)
Biomass production:
P X , bio =
QY ( S oS ) ( f d )( k d ) QY ( S oS ) SRT Q Y n ( NO x )
+
+
1+ ( k d ) SRT
1+ ( k d ) SRT
1+ ( k dn ) SRT
Q = 7680 m3/d
Y = 0.40 VSS/g bCOD
So = 320 g bCOD/m3
Kd = 0.12 g VSS/g VSSd
m = 6.0 g VSS/g VSSd
SRT = 30 days
-Determine S:
S=
K s [ 1+ ( k d ) SRT ]
SRT ( mk d ) 1
20 [1+ ( 0.12 ) 30 ]
=0.525 g bCOD/m3
30 ( 6.00.12 )1
NO x =0.80 ( 40 g / m3 ) =32 g / m3
-Substitute the above values and solve PX,bio
P X , bio =
]( )
(7680 )( 0.4 )( 3200.525 ) ( 0.15 )( 0.12 ) ( 7680 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 3200.525 ) 30 ( 7680 )( 0.12 ) ( 32 ) 1
+
+
3
1+ ( 0.12 ) 30
1+ ( 0.12 ) 30
1+ ( 0.08 ) 35
10
P X , TSS=
P X , VSS 337.238
=
=396.75 kg /d
0.85
0.85
X
( TSS) (V )=( P X ,TSS ) SRT=( 396.75 ) ( 30 )=11902.5 kg
V=
7680
2
=640 m
12
Area=
640
2
=320 m
2
Area=
d2
=320m2
4
d=
320 4
=20.185 21m
F /M=
Q So
( 7680 ) ( 200 )
g BOD
=
=
=0.152 g/ g d
XV g MLVSS d ( 4250 )( 2380.5 )
Lorg=
C) Return activated sludge (from clarifier to aeration tank) using the present
pumping system.
Sludge Volume Index ( SVI )=370 mg/ L
Wasting flowrate ( Qw )=
5.76 m3
d
Returning Sludge , X r=
106
=2702.7027 mg/ L
SVI
MLVSS concentration
X'r
MLSS concentration
R=
Qr
Q
R X r =( 1+ R ) X
R=
X
5000
=
5000=1.389
X r X 8600
Q r=
Q X ' Q w X ' r
X ' r X '
Q r=
R=
Qr
Q
R=
34994.1829
=4.557
7680
X TSS V
Xw Qw
SRT =
5000mg
396750000mg
1L
396750000 L 1
m3
5000
1000 L
79.35 m3
Assume the technician dispose waste of 60m3/d, waste dispose is not sufficient to
clear the waste produced. Therefore, waste disposed should be change from
60m3/d to 80m3/d.
Na ( HCO3 ) needed =
(1443.63)( 84)
=2425.3 kg/d NaHCO 3
(50)
Nitrogen required=
0.12 P X ,bio
Q
10
( 6 mg/kg)
( 0.12 ) (337.238 kg /d)
=5.27 mg/ L
(7680 m3 /d )(103 L/m3 )
Nitrogen required=
TKN = 40 mg/L
Since TKN > nitrogen required, TKN is adequate, no additional TKN is required.
Nitrogen required=
0.02 P X ,bio
Q
TP = 8 mg/L
Since TP > phosphorus required, phosphorus is adequate for microorganisms to grow. No
additional phosphorus is required.
Design Parameter
Average wastewater flow
SRT
Aeration tank volume
MLSS
MLVSS
F/M
Sludge production
Oxygen required
RAS ratio
Clarifier hydraulic application rate
Total Area of Clarifier
Alkalinity addition as Na(HCO3)
Nitrogen required
Phosphorus required
Unit
m3/d
d
m3
g/m3
g/m3
g/gd
kg/d
Kg/h
m3/m2d
m2
kg/d
g/m3
g/m3
Value
7680
30
2380.5
5000
4250
0.152
337.238
3129.62
4.557
12
640
2425.3
5.27
0.88
Conclusion:
The objective of this report is to design for sewage treatment plant to meet standard A. In
this report, parameters such as volume of aeration tank, sludge production and wasted,
nutrients required, alkalinity to be added and others were calculated and compared.
Therefore, the objectives had been achieved
Appendix