Biology Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____

____

1. Chemical reactions that release energy

a
.

will not occur.

b
.

need catalysts to occur.

c
.

will always explode.

d
.

often occur spontaneously.

2. If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
a
.

also releases energy.

b
.

absorbs energy.

c
.

destroys energy.

cannot occur.

____

3. Which of the following diagrams correctly shows the reaction pathway of a reaction that absorbs energy?
a
.

b
.

c
.

d
.

____

____

4. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?

a
.

Enzymes work best at a specified pH.

b
.

All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates.

c
.

Enzymes are proteins.

d
.

The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job.

5. Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?

a
.

Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.

b
.

All catalysts are enzymes.

c
.

Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction.

d
.

Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

____

____

____

6. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called

a
.

a catalyst.

b
.

a lipid.

c
.

a molecule.

d
.

an element.

7. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

a
.

products of the reaction.

b
.

speed of the reaction.

c
.

temperature of the reaction.

d
.

pH of the reaction.

8. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?
a
.

The cell lacks cytoplasm.

____

b
.

The cell lacks a cell membrane.

c
.

The cell lacks a nucleus.

d
.

The cell lacks genetic material.

9. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

a
.

prokaryotes

b
.

bacteria

c
.

eukaryotes

d
.

viruses

____ 10. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

a
.

plants

b
.

animals

c
.

bacteria

d
.

fungi

Figure 71

____ 11. Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 71?
a
.

The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus.

b
.

The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus.

c
.

The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

d
.

The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

____ 12. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

a
.

stores DNA

b
.

stores sugars

c
.

builds proteins

d
.

packages proteins

____ 13. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?
a
.

The cytoplasm is a fluid that fills the inside of the nucleus.

b
.

The cytoplasm is an organelle that is usually found near the nucleus.

c
.

The nucleus is an organelle that is surrounded by the cytoplasm.

d
.

The nucleus is a fluid and it mixes with the fluid cytoplasm.

____ 14. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
a
.

Golgi apparatus

b
.

lysosome

c
.

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrion

____ 15. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

a
.

helps a cell keep its shape

b
.

contains DNA

c
.

surrounds the cell

d
.

helps make proteins

Figure 72

____ 16. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 72 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates?
a
.

structure A

b
.

structure B

c
.

structure C

d
.

structure D

____ 17. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a
.

Golgi apparatus

b
.

mitochondrion

c
.

vacuole

d
.

ribosome

Figure 73

____ 18. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 73 above modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other
materials for storage or release from the cell?
a
.

structure A

b
.

structure B

c
.

structure C

d
.

structure D

____ 19. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the
cell to use?
a
.

chloroplast

b
.

Golgi apparatus

c
.

endoplasmic reticulum

d
.

mitochondrion

____ 20. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
a
.

mitochondrion

b
.

ribosome

c
.

chloroplast

d
.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

____ 21. The primary function of the cell wall is to

a
.

support and protect the cell.

store DNA.

.
c
.

direct the activities of the cell.

d
.

help the cell move.

____ 22. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is

a
.

found in all organisms.

b
.

composed of a lipid bilayer.

c
.

selectively permeable.

d
.

a rigid structure.

____ 23. Diffusion occurs because

a
.

molecules are attracted to one another.

b
.

molecules constantly move and collide with each other.

c
.

cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.

d
.

cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

____ 24. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the
molecules will
a
.

move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.

b
.

stop moving across the membrane.

c
.

continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

d
.

move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

____ 25. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
a
.

osmotic pressure.

b
.

osmosis.

c
.

pinocytosis.

d
.

active transport.

____ 26. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
a
.

water to move into the cell.

b
.

water to move out of the cell.

solutes to move into the cell.

.
d
.

solutes to move out of the cell.

____ 27. The cells of unicellular organisms are

a
.

specialized to perform different tasks.

b
.

larger than those of multicellular organisms.

c
.

able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life.

d
.

unable to respond to changes in their environment.

____ 28. Which of the following is an example of an organ?

a
.

heart

b
.

epithelial tissue

c
.

digestive system

d
.

nerve cell

____ 29. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called

a
.

an organ.

b
.

an organ system.

c
.

a tissue.

d
.

a division of labor.

Science Skills

Figure 26

1. Apply Concepts According to Figure 26, which enzyme would you expect to find in a bacterium growing in
a hot spring?

2. Interpret Graphs According to Figure 26, what are the optimum temperatures for each enzyme?

3. Apply Concepts Based on Figure 26, which enzyme would have the most activity in humans?

4. Interpret Graphs Based on Figure 26, which enzyme is active over the largest temperature range?