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CHAPTER 8:

1.

1.ID: 2508911947
The community health nurse is working with a client who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes.
The physician has prescribed a diet and recommended adding an exercise regimen. Assessment
reveals the client has been smoking two packs of cigarettes per day for approximately 30 years.
Which statement most accurately reflects the appropriate approach for establishing health education
priorities for this client?
A.
The nurse must assist the client to recognize that smoking cessation should be the
highest priority.
B.
The nurse and client must partner in establishing health education priorities for the
client. Correct
C.
The client does not have his priorities in order and must be informed by the nurse as to
the most important priority.
D.
The nurse should not discuss smoking cessation because this is not the client's most
important health issue.
Lasting health behavior change depends on learner participation in determining health education
needs and priorities. The nurse and patient should partner together to establish health education
needs and priorities. The other options do not give the client the opportunity to establish his health
education priorities.

DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis


REF: Page 126
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508911941
Knowledge of various learning theories is important for community health nurses involved in health
education. Enhancing self-confidence and self-efficacy are important aspects of which learning
theory?
A.
Cognitive learning theory
B.
Humanistic learning theory
C.
Behavioral learning theory Incorrect
D.
Social learning theory Correct
Social learning theory's premise is based on behavior explaining and enhancing learning through the
concepts of efficacy, outcome expectation, and incentives. Humanistic theories help individuals
develop their potential in self-directing and holistic manners. Although social learning theory is largely
a cognitive theory, it also includes elements of behaviorism.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 125
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508911951
The nurse is meeting with a client who has been referred for assistance with smoking cessation.
During their first meeting, the client states he is very doubtful about his ability to stop smoking. In the
health belief model, the client's belief that actions can be performed to achieve the desired outcome
is referred to by which of the following terms?
A.
Self-efficacy Correct
B.
Perceived susceptibility
C.
Perceived benefits

D.
Cues to action
One component of the health belief model is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the degree to which
the client believes in his or her ability to be successful in taking the necessary actions to accomplish
the desired outcome. Other components of the health belief model include perceived susceptibility,
perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, demographics, and cues to action.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 126
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508911957
Smoking cessation programs often are provided to adults who meet in small groups. Educational
sessions include both formal and informal activities. Sharing of experiences of the members of the
group is sometimes encouraged. Which of the following statements is most reflective of Knowles'
assumptions about adult learners?
A.
Members of the group may enjoy sharing sessions about the smoking cessation
experiences of others, but such sessions are not health education.
B.
Members may benefit from hearing about the smoking cessation experiences of others
in the group, and sessions may provide health education. Correct
C.
Members will likely perceive sharing sessions about smoking cessation experiences as
a waste of time and drop out of the group.
D.
Members, unless trained in group dynamics, will not be able to fully benefit from
sharing sessions about smoking cessation experiences.
Adults may draw upon their many life experiences and the shared experiences of others. Such
activities can be a valuable part of the health education experience. Skilled facilitators enhance the
effectiveness of informal group activities, but it is not necessary for each group member to be trained
in group dynamics. The other options do not reflect Knowles' assumptions about adult learners.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Pages 126-127
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508911943
Learner assessment is an important aspect of health education. The assessment performed by the
community health nurse includes questions about the client's age, family roles, social roles, and
various responsibilities. Which of the following is the most important reason for obtaining this
information?
A.
The nurse will need this information to plan the meetings with the client.
B.
The information will help the nurse to understand the client's desired outcomes.
C.
The client's developmental stage and roles have an impact on readiness to
learn. Correct
D.
The information is necessary to understand how much time the client will have.
The client's social roles and the tasks associated with the client's developmental stage must be
considered because they will have an important influence on the client's learning experience.
Gathering information to plan and time the meetings and understand the desired outcomes is
necessary, but the most important reason to obtain the information is to understand the client's
readiness to learn.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis
REF: Page 127

6.

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.


6.ID: 2508911949
A client meeting with a community health nurse inquires about diabetes education classes. The
client's health records reveal the diagnosis of diabetes was made a little over 1 year ago. The client
reports partial compliance with diet, gradual improvement in her exercise program, and a 15-pound
weight loss. The client reports that she takes her medication as prescribed but rarely monitors her
blood glucose level. Which statement best reflects the impact of initial diabetes education on this
client?
A.
Learning occurred, but additional support and education are needed. Correct
B.
It is apparent that the diabetic education was totally inadequate.
C.
It is not possible to draw any conclusions about the education. Incorrect
D.
The education did not work because this client is noncompliant.
The client exhibits learning by striving over the past year to comply with the prescribed diet, improve
her exercise program, lose weight, and take the prescribed medications. Learning is described as
enduring change that involves modification of insights, behaviors, perceptions, or motivations. The
client perceives that additional support and health education will improve her diabetes management.

DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis


REF: Page 125
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508911945
A community health nurse often provides health education for individual clients. Her office has a play
center because some clients bring small children with them. She routinely offers her clients bottled
water, juice, or soda. She works with her clients at a small table rather than at her desk. Which
statement below best sums up her approach?
A.
Clients enjoy hospitality, but her approach has no support in learning theory.
B.
Adults learn better in a facilitative and nonrestrictive environment. Correct
C.
The nurse's approach simply takes the clients' minds away from their troubles.
D.
This approach is too informal and contrary to most learning theories.
According to Knowles' theory about adult learners, adults learn best in unstructured environments.
The comfortable, informal environment in the example encourages clients to express themselves and
allows the nurse to learn more about each client's motivation and readiness to learn.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis
REF: Page 126
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508911971
Which educator is credited with developing the concept of empowerment and included activism on
the part of the educator as a teaching methodology?
A.
Bandura Incorrect
B.
Pender
C.
Freire Correct
D.
Burris
The concept of empowerment can be traced back to Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator in the 1950s.
He promoted a problem-solving approach to education. Freire's approach supported activism on the
part of the educator.

DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge


REF: Page 129
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9.
9.ID: 2508911966
A community health nurse is asked to review a draft of a brochure developed for distribution to
clients. The nurse finds the brochure generally well designed but suggests replacing several words
with simpler words that have fewer syllables and are more commonly used. What is the best
explanation for the nurse's recommendation?
A.
The nurse assumes the clients are uneducated because they have low income.
B.
The nurse knows that English may not be the primary language of many clients.
C.
The nurse is assuming that most of the client's will read at a third-grade level.
D.
The nurse knows that more difficult words will pose a barrier to some clients. Correct
Materials written at a simpler level can be effective learning tools for clients who read at different
levels. The nurse should not make assumptions about the client's education. Simplifying the words
would not necessarily assist non-English-speaking clients.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Pages 137, 144
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
10.
10.ID: 2508978186
There are many ways the community health nurse can be engaged in health education in the
community. Which of the following are frequent roles or activities that the nurse can be expected to
fulfill? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Advocate Correct
B.
Consultant Correct
C.
Diagnostician
D.
Collaborator Correct
E.
Mediator Correct
In general, the physician is considered to be the diagnostician. All of the other roles are appropriate
for community health nurses, and all require knowledge and skills related to health education.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 123

CHAPTER 9:
1.

1.ID: 2508923192
Assisting the family of a special needs child through the complex health care system is an example of
what type of case management?
A.
Disease-specific case management
B.
System-centered case management
C.
Client-centered case management Correct
D.
Public health case management
Case management is client centered and system centered. Client-centered case management assists
the client through a complex, often fragmented and confusing health care delivery system and
achieves specific client-centered goals. System-centered case management recognizes that health
care resources are finite. Some case management programs are disease based; for example, case
management is focused on clients with heart failure. Case management has its origins in public

health.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 157
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508923182
Which of the following was a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010?
A.
Social Security benefits were denied to selected aggregates.
B.
Third-party payers (e.g., preferred provider organizations and health maintenance
organizations) use prospective payments systems to negotiate reimbursement.
C.
Value-based purchasing programs for hospitals were established. Correct
D.
Health care providers received a fixed amount of money based on the relative cost of
resources they use to treat Medicare patients within each diagnosis-related group. Incorrect
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, passed by Congress in March 2010, includes
provisions in Title III of the bill that requires improvement in the quality and efficiency of health care.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) established a value-based purchasing program for
hospitals, launched in the fall of 2013. The program links Medicare payments to quality performance
on common, high-cost conditions such as cardiac, surgical, and pneumonia care. Under the
prospective payment system introduced in 1983, health care providers receive a fixed amount of
money based on the relative cost of resources they use to treat Medicare patients within each
diagnosis-related group. Third-party payers used the prospective payment system to negotiate
reimbursement. Social security benefits were not affected by the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 158
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508924304
For an RN to apply for certification for case management through the Case Management Society of
America (CMSA), the nurse must perform essential activities of case management. Which of the
following is NOT one of the required activities?
A.
Diagnosis Correct
B.
Coordination
C.
Evaluation
D.
Outcomes
E.
Assessment
To apply for nursing case management certification through the CMSA, the nurse must perform
essential activities of case management, including assessment, coordination, planning, monitoring,
implementation, evaluation, and outcomes. Diagnosing is not an essential function of case
management.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 159
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508924308
In providing care for a client who recently had a liver transplant, a nurse case manager would focus
attention on all of the following except:
A.
medication monitoring and management.

B.

provision of direct clinical skilled care (e.g., dressing changes, medication


administration). Correct
C.
identification of potential problems and notification of the physician.
D.
evaluation of progress to meeting projected outcomes or goals.
Case management services focus primarily on care coordination, assessment, monitoring, planning,
and evaluation. The case manager will coordinate and monitor care; however, in most cases, the
interventions are provided by other health professionals, including other nurses.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 155
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508924300
In which case management setting is the nurse responsible for providing primary prevention to
employees to keep the work force healthy?
A.
High-risk clinic setting
B.
Occupational health setting Correct
C.
Home health and hospice setting
D.
Public health clinic setting Incorrect
More employers are providing health screening and education to their employees to keep their
workforce healthy. Community health nurses who work in occupational health settings are in a
position to provide primary prevention designed for the needs of the employees. The case manager in
the high-risk clinic setting provides services to high-risk clients in settings such as HIV clinics, dialysis
settings, and infusion centers. In the home health and hospice setting, the case manager would
provide services to clients in their homes. In the public health setting, the case manager would
provide services to clients in the community at large.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 161
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508924302
Which model of care was developed to provide collaborative, quality-driven, safe, primary care?
A.
Community case management model Incorrect
B.
Disease-specific case management model
C.
Patient-centered medical home Correct
D.
Geriatric care management
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a recent model of care developed to provide
collaborative, quality-driven, safe, primary care. The PCMH uses care coordination and case
management processes to provide comprehensive, patient-centered, cost-effective, quality care. In
the community-case management model, case managers provide services exclusively in the
community after discharge. Disease-specific case management and geriatric care management are
specific types of case management services provided to specific populations.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 157
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508923196
The case manager reviews the chart of a patient to determine appropriateness and timeliness of
medical care while the patient is in the hospital. This function of case management is referred to as:

A.
care coordination.
B.
utilization review. Correct
C.
continuum of care.
D.
care management.
Utilization review (UR) defined by CMSA consists of the evaluation of medical appropriateness or
medical necessity of care. This review ensures that patients receive the "right care at the right time"
to improve clinical outcomes and lower costs. Care coordination is defined as the deliberate
organization of patient care activities between two or more participants (including the patient)
involved in a patient's care to facilitate the appropriate delivery of health care services. Continuum of
care is defined as the long-term services required for discharged patients with chronic illness. Care
management consists of programs that apply systems, science, incentives, and information to
improve medical practice and to allow clients and their support systems to participate in a
collaborative process with a goal of improving medical, social, and mental health conditions more
effectively.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 157
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508978732
Which of the following is a goal of case management? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Providing high-quality care Correct
B.
Decreasing fragmentation of health services Correct
C.
Containing cost of health care Correct
D.
Integrating specialty care
E.
Enhancing quality of life for clients Correct
According to the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), nursing case management is a health
care delivery process whose goals are to provide quality health care, decrease fragmentation,
enhance the client's quality of life, and contain costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 159-160
Awarded 3.0 points out of 4.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508978736
Certification for registered nurses in the field of case management is provided through which
professional organization? (Select all that apply.)
A.
American Nurses Association
B.
American Nurses Credentialing Center Correct
C.
American Hospital Association
D.
Case Management Society of America Correct
E.
National Association for Healthcare Quality Incorrect
Although there is no standard for formal educational preparation for case managers, role-specific
certification is available through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the Case
Management Society of America (CMSA). The other options do not offer certification for nurses in the
field of case management.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 159
Awarded 0.0 points out of 2.0 possible points.

10.

10.ID: 2508978740
Which of the following are principles of a patient-centered medical home? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Physician-led, team based care Correct
B.
Value-based purchasing
C.
Integration and coordination of care Correct
D.
Improved access to care Correct
E.
Quality and safety Correct
The seven principles of a patient-centered medical home include the patient's relationship with the
primary care physician; the physician-led, team-based care; the patient as a "whole person" who
requires comprehensive care at various stages of life; integration and coordination of care; quality
and safety; improved access to care; and a payment system that accurately reflects the efforts and
care provided by the team. A value-based purchasing program was established by Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid as a part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.

CHAPTER 11:
1.

1.ID: 2508917347
In the United States today, where are most personal health care services provided?
A.
The private sector Correct
B.
The public sector
C.
The nonprofit sector
D.
The community health sector
Most personal health care services are provided in the private sector, usually in clinics, physicians'
offices, hospitals, hospital ambulatory centers, skilled care facilities, and homes. The public health
subsystem and community health nursing focus on prevention of disease and illness from a broader,
population-based perspective. Hospitals may be for profit or nonprofit.

DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge


REF: Page 187
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508917338
Services provided in the private subsystem include all of the following except:
A.
health promotion.
B.
disease prevention.
C.
heath care regulation. Correct
D.
treatment of disease.
Services in the private subsystem include health promotion, prevention and early detection of
disease, diagnosis and treatment of disease with a focus on cure, rehabilitative-restorative care, and
custodial care. The public health subsystem is required by law to address the health of populations.
Legal provisions at the local, state, and federal levels of government direct the establishment,
implementation, and evaluation of these activities.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 187, 189-190
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508917349
Personal care provided by physicians is delivered by various basic models. The following is an
example of an integrated health maintenance model:

A.

Dr. Jones is a family practitioner. He has his own practice in his own office. He covers all
of his own expenses.
B.
Dr. Cohen and Dr. Bernard are cardiologists who share a practice. They divide the
expenses, income, and offices.
C.
Dr. Davis is a general surgeon, Dr. Brown is an orthopedic surgeon, and Dr. Burnett is a
vascular surgeon. They share the practice, along with all of their expenses, income, and
offices.
D.
Dr. Smith is an internist, Dr. Gregory is a pediatrician, and Dr. Stanley is a family
practitioner. They are paid a monthly salary by an organization to see all of its
patients. Correct
The integrated health maintenance model has prepaid multispecialty physicians, such as in option D.
Option A is an example of a solo practice. Option B is an example of a single specialty group model.
Option C is an example of a multispecialty group practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 187
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508917341
The scope of health services at the federal level subsystem targets all of the following major health
areas except:
A.
the general population.
B.
individual families. Correct
C.
special populations.
D.
international health.
The scope of health services of the federal level subsystem targets the following major health areas:
the general population, special populations, and international health. For the general population,
federal activities include protection against hazards, maintenance of vital and health statistics,
advancement of scientific knowledge through research, and provision of disaster relief.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 189-190
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508917334
Which of the following statements is true regarding the state level subsystem?
A.
States share central authority of the public health care system with the federal
government.
B.
The organization and activities of public health services vary widely among the
states. Correct
C.
It is the role of the governor to direct most state health agencies.
D.
Compared with other state programs, state health programs usually have a small,
specialized staff.
States are responsible for the health of their citizens and are the central authorities in the public
health care system. The organization and activities of public health services vary widely among the
states. A health commissioner or secretary of health who is typically appointed by the governor
directs most state health agencies. The health officer is usually a physician with a degree and
experience in public health. In some states, the health officer directs the health department. Many
states have boards of health, which determine policies and priorities for allocation of funds. Staffing of
the state agency varies among states; however, compared with other state programs, state health

programs usually have a large staff.


DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 191
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508917353
Local health department service categories fall into all of the following except:
A.
community health services.
B.
school health services. Correct
C.
personal health services.
D.
mental health services.
Local health department service categories include community health services, environmental health
services, personal health services, and mental health services. School health services may be
provided at the federal, state, or local level, but it is not a service category of the local health
department.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 191
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508917345
An example of care provided under the local health department category of environmental health
services is:
A.
disease surveillance. Incorrect
B.
immunizations.
C.
occupational health. Correct
D.
nutrition services.
Environmental health services include food hygiene, such as inspection of food-producing and foodprocessing plants and restaurants; protection from hazardous substances; control of waste, air, noise,
and water pollution; and occupational health. The other options are examples of community health
services.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 191
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508917330
Key messages from the report To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (Institute of Medicine,
1999) include all of the following except:
A.
the magnitude of harm that results from medical errors is great.
B.
errors result largely from individuals' failures, not system failures. Correct
C.
voluntary and mandatory reporting programs are needed now to improve patient
safety.
D.
the IOM committee and others call on health care systems to focus on error reduction
as an important part of their operations and to embrace organizational change needed to
reorient error-ridden systems and processes.
The four key messages from this report are: (1) the magnitude of harm that results from medical
errors is great; (2) errors result largely from systems' failures, not individual failures; (3) voluntary and
mandatory reporting programs are needed now to improve patient safety; and (4) the IOM committee
and others call on health care systems to focus on error reduction as an important part of their

operations and to embrace organizational change needed to reorient error-ridden systems and
processes.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 194
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508917343
The report requested by Congress that examined the federal government's quality enhancement
process was:
A.
Leadership by Example. Correct
B.
Crossing the Quality Chasm. Incorrect
C.
To Err is Human, Building a Safer Health System.
D.
Health Professions Education.
Leadership by Example was a report requested by Congress that examined the federal government's
quality enhancement processes. Crossing the Quality Chasm focused on developing a new health
care system for the 21st century, one that improves care. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health
System focused on safety within the health care delivery system. In the report Health Professions
Education, the education of all health professionals is viewed as a bridge to quality care.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 195
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
10.
10.ID: 2508979353
The report Health Professions Education identified core competencies that apply to all health care
professions. These competencies include: (Select all that apply.)
A.
provide patient-centered care. Correct
B.
prioritize hands-off communication.
C.
use evidence-based practice. Correct
D.
apply quality improvement. Correct
E.
use informatics. Correct
Health Professions Education identified five core competencies that all apply to all health care
professions: (1) provide patient-centered care, (2) work in interdisciplinary or interprofessional teams,
(3) use evidence-based practice, (4) apply quality improvement, and (5) use informatics. The authors
noted that all health professionals "should be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members
of an interdisciplinary team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches,
and informatics."

CHAPTER 12:
1.

1.ID: 2508933079
Which of the following prospective payment methods determined the amount of reimbursement that
health care providers would receive for specific illnesses from Medicare?
A.
Current procedural terminology codes
B.
Actuarial classifications
C.
Diagnostic-related groups Correct
D.
Medigap insurance
For determination of the prospective amount, Medicare depended on the diagnostic-related groups to
calculate the reimbursement. Physician services are coded according to current procedural

terminology codes. Actuarial classifications ensured that adequate premiums were charged by private
health insurers for the projected health care needs of those enrolled. Medigap insurance is a privately
purchased individual or group health insurance plan designed to supplement Medicare coverage.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 211
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508933085
Access to health care is determined by the circumstances of the individual that obstruct the means to
obtain desired health care. Which of the following is NOT a barrier to access to health care?
A.
Preexisting conditions
B.
Nonparticipating physician
C.
Inability to communicate
D.
Personal avoidance of a health problem Correct
Any condition that prevents an individual from seeking desired health care presents a barrier. Chosen
avoidance is not a barrier.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 216
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508933081
In a managed care organization, physicians are responsible for the approval or referral of some
services. In this position, they are referred to as:
A.
enforcers.
B.
gatekeepers. Correct
C.
carriers.
D.
distributors.
Some services may only be accessed on approval or referral from physicians who are called
gatekeepers (the primary care providers). The other options do not pertain to the referral or approval
of services by a physician.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 214
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508933075
Currently, the state with the highest rate of adult smoking is:
A.
Tennessee.
B.
Indiana.
C.
Kentucky. Correct
D.
Ohio. Incorrect
Kentucky has the highest rate of adult smoking in the country. Tennessee, Indiana, and Ohio have a
lower rate of smoking that Kentucky does.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508933083

During World War II, faced with a decrease in the number of workers, employers added a health
insurance plan to employee's benefits. These plans were called:
A.
health maintenance organizations.
B.
prospective payment plans.
C.
indemnity plans. Correct
D.
cafeteria plans.
During World War II, employers began to add health insurance to employees' benefits rather than
increasing the wages. This type of health insurance was called an indemnity plan. A health
maintenance organization is a managed care plan that acts as an insurer and sometimes a provider
for a fixed prepaid premium. Prospective payment is payment for health care providers based on the
disease or injury that is treated. Cafeteria plans are customizable health care plans.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 209-210
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508933094
A major cause for the rise in health care costs is:
A.
an increase in the specialization of physicians.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
B.
a decrease in nonprofit hospitals.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
C.
a shortage in the number of primary care physicians.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
D.
a demand for complex and advanced services. Correct
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.

DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge


REF: Page 205
Correct
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
7.
7.ID: 2508933087
Enacted in 1965 as part of the Social Security Act, __________ was intended to provide health care to
the population of U.S. citizens 65 years of age and older.
A.
Medicare Correct
B.
Medicaid
C.
Social Security
D.
Blue Cross/Blue Shield
The intent for Medicare, when enacted in 1965, was to provide health care to the growing population
of those 65 years of age or older. Medicaid is a public welfare assistance program that finances health
care coverage for the indigent and children. Social Security was created in 1935 to provide retirement
benefits to workers. Blue Cross and Blue Shield were health insurance plans that paid all of the costs
of covered services provided to the enrollee.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508933090
One of the first health insurance companies established in the 1930s to provide health care to
subscribers was:
A.
Aetna Insurance.
B.
Woodmen of the World.
C.
Humana Health Maintenance Organization. Incorrect
D.
Blue Cross and Blue Shield. Correct
During the 1930s, in an effort to provide care and avoid bankruptcy, health care providers began to
establish health insurance plans. One of the most recognizable of these is Blue Cross and Blue Shield.
The other options were all created later.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 209
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508979912
Cost containment incentives include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Capitated reimbursement Correct
B.
Limited access to care Incorrect
C.
Fee-for-service billing Correct
D.
Health care rationing Correct
E.
Carve-out services
Economic or cost-containment incentives can be divided into the following broad categories:
capitated reimbursement, access limitation, and rationing. Fee-for-service billing has a potential for
overuse. Carve-out services are services provided within a standard benefit package but delivered
exclusively by a designated provider or group, such as mental health services or dialysis services.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 213-214

10.

Awarded 1.0 points out of 3.0 possible points.


10.ID: 2508979916
Provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care act include: (Select all that apply.)
A.
mandating that all citizens obtain health insurance. Correct
B.
reducing Medicaid eligibility.
C.
subsidizing insurance premiums for all citizens. Incorrect
D.
prohibiting denial of coverage for preexisting conditions. Correct
E.
establishing health insurance exchanges. Correct
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provisions include mandating that all citizens obtain
health insurance, expanding Medicaid eligibility, subsidizing insurance premiums for low income
purchasers, prohibiting denial of coverage for preexisting conditions, and establishing health
insurance exchanges.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 217

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