1.
1.ID: 2508911947
The community health nurse is working with a client who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes.
The physician has prescribed a diet and recommended adding an exercise regimen. Assessment
reveals the client has been smoking two packs of cigarettes per day for approximately 30 years.
Which statement most accurately reflects the appropriate approach for establishing health education
priorities for this client?
A.
The nurse must assist the client to recognize that smoking cessation should be the
highest priority.
B.
The nurse and client must partner in establishing health education priorities for the
client. Correct
C.
The client does not have his priorities in order and must be informed by the nurse as to
the most important priority.
D.
The nurse should not discuss smoking cessation because this is not the client's most
important health issue.
Lasting health behavior change depends on learner participation in determining health education
needs and priorities. The nurse and patient should partner together to establish health education
needs and priorities. The other options do not give the client the opportunity to establish his health
education priorities.
D.
Cues to action
One component of the health belief model is self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to the degree to which
the client believes in his or her ability to be successful in taking the necessary actions to accomplish
the desired outcome. Other components of the health belief model include perceived susceptibility,
perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, demographics, and cues to action.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 126
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508911957
Smoking cessation programs often are provided to adults who meet in small groups. Educational
sessions include both formal and informal activities. Sharing of experiences of the members of the
group is sometimes encouraged. Which of the following statements is most reflective of Knowles'
assumptions about adult learners?
A.
Members of the group may enjoy sharing sessions about the smoking cessation
experiences of others, but such sessions are not health education.
B.
Members may benefit from hearing about the smoking cessation experiences of others
in the group, and sessions may provide health education. Correct
C.
Members will likely perceive sharing sessions about smoking cessation experiences as
a waste of time and drop out of the group.
D.
Members, unless trained in group dynamics, will not be able to fully benefit from
sharing sessions about smoking cessation experiences.
Adults may draw upon their many life experiences and the shared experiences of others. Such
activities can be a valuable part of the health education experience. Skilled facilitators enhance the
effectiveness of informal group activities, but it is not necessary for each group member to be trained
in group dynamics. The other options do not reflect Knowles' assumptions about adult learners.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Pages 126-127
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508911943
Learner assessment is an important aspect of health education. The assessment performed by the
community health nurse includes questions about the client's age, family roles, social roles, and
various responsibilities. Which of the following is the most important reason for obtaining this
information?
A.
The nurse will need this information to plan the meetings with the client.
B.
The information will help the nurse to understand the client's desired outcomes.
C.
The client's developmental stage and roles have an impact on readiness to
learn. Correct
D.
The information is necessary to understand how much time the client will have.
The client's social roles and the tasks associated with the client's developmental stage must be
considered because they will have an important influence on the client's learning experience.
Gathering information to plan and time the meetings and understand the desired outcomes is
necessary, but the most important reason to obtain the information is to understand the client's
readiness to learn.
DIF: Cognitive level: Analysis
REF: Page 127
6.
CHAPTER 9:
1.
1.ID: 2508923192
Assisting the family of a special needs child through the complex health care system is an example of
what type of case management?
A.
Disease-specific case management
B.
System-centered case management
C.
Client-centered case management Correct
D.
Public health case management
Case management is client centered and system centered. Client-centered case management assists
the client through a complex, often fragmented and confusing health care delivery system and
achieves specific client-centered goals. System-centered case management recognizes that health
care resources are finite. Some case management programs are disease based; for example, case
management is focused on clients with heart failure. Case management has its origins in public
health.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 157
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508923182
Which of the following was a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010?
A.
Social Security benefits were denied to selected aggregates.
B.
Third-party payers (e.g., preferred provider organizations and health maintenance
organizations) use prospective payments systems to negotiate reimbursement.
C.
Value-based purchasing programs for hospitals were established. Correct
D.
Health care providers received a fixed amount of money based on the relative cost of
resources they use to treat Medicare patients within each diagnosis-related group. Incorrect
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, passed by Congress in March 2010, includes
provisions in Title III of the bill that requires improvement in the quality and efficiency of health care.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) established a value-based purchasing program for
hospitals, launched in the fall of 2013. The program links Medicare payments to quality performance
on common, high-cost conditions such as cardiac, surgical, and pneumonia care. Under the
prospective payment system introduced in 1983, health care providers receive a fixed amount of
money based on the relative cost of resources they use to treat Medicare patients within each
diagnosis-related group. Third-party payers used the prospective payment system to negotiate
reimbursement. Social security benefits were not affected by the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 158
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508924304
For an RN to apply for certification for case management through the Case Management Society of
America (CMSA), the nurse must perform essential activities of case management. Which of the
following is NOT one of the required activities?
A.
Diagnosis Correct
B.
Coordination
C.
Evaluation
D.
Outcomes
E.
Assessment
To apply for nursing case management certification through the CMSA, the nurse must perform
essential activities of case management, including assessment, coordination, planning, monitoring,
implementation, evaluation, and outcomes. Diagnosing is not an essential function of case
management.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 159
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508924308
In providing care for a client who recently had a liver transplant, a nurse case manager would focus
attention on all of the following except:
A.
medication monitoring and management.
B.
A.
care coordination.
B.
utilization review. Correct
C.
continuum of care.
D.
care management.
Utilization review (UR) defined by CMSA consists of the evaluation of medical appropriateness or
medical necessity of care. This review ensures that patients receive the "right care at the right time"
to improve clinical outcomes and lower costs. Care coordination is defined as the deliberate
organization of patient care activities between two or more participants (including the patient)
involved in a patient's care to facilitate the appropriate delivery of health care services. Continuum of
care is defined as the long-term services required for discharged patients with chronic illness. Care
management consists of programs that apply systems, science, incentives, and information to
improve medical practice and to allow clients and their support systems to participate in a
collaborative process with a goal of improving medical, social, and mental health conditions more
effectively.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 157
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
8.
8.ID: 2508978732
Which of the following is a goal of case management? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Providing high-quality care Correct
B.
Decreasing fragmentation of health services Correct
C.
Containing cost of health care Correct
D.
Integrating specialty care
E.
Enhancing quality of life for clients Correct
According to the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), nursing case management is a health
care delivery process whose goals are to provide quality health care, decrease fragmentation,
enhance the client's quality of life, and contain costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 159-160
Awarded 3.0 points out of 4.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508978736
Certification for registered nurses in the field of case management is provided through which
professional organization? (Select all that apply.)
A.
American Nurses Association
B.
American Nurses Credentialing Center Correct
C.
American Hospital Association
D.
Case Management Society of America Correct
E.
National Association for Healthcare Quality Incorrect
Although there is no standard for formal educational preparation for case managers, role-specific
certification is available through the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the Case
Management Society of America (CMSA). The other options do not offer certification for nurses in the
field of case management.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 159
Awarded 0.0 points out of 2.0 possible points.
10.
10.ID: 2508978740
Which of the following are principles of a patient-centered medical home? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Physician-led, team based care Correct
B.
Value-based purchasing
C.
Integration and coordination of care Correct
D.
Improved access to care Correct
E.
Quality and safety Correct
The seven principles of a patient-centered medical home include the patient's relationship with the
primary care physician; the physician-led, team-based care; the patient as a "whole person" who
requires comprehensive care at various stages of life; integration and coordination of care; quality
and safety; improved access to care; and a payment system that accurately reflects the efforts and
care provided by the team. A value-based purchasing program was established by Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid as a part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010.
CHAPTER 11:
1.
1.ID: 2508917347
In the United States today, where are most personal health care services provided?
A.
The private sector Correct
B.
The public sector
C.
The nonprofit sector
D.
The community health sector
Most personal health care services are provided in the private sector, usually in clinics, physicians'
offices, hospitals, hospital ambulatory centers, skilled care facilities, and homes. The public health
subsystem and community health nursing focus on prevention of disease and illness from a broader,
population-based perspective. Hospitals may be for profit or nonprofit.
A.
Dr. Jones is a family practitioner. He has his own practice in his own office. He covers all
of his own expenses.
B.
Dr. Cohen and Dr. Bernard are cardiologists who share a practice. They divide the
expenses, income, and offices.
C.
Dr. Davis is a general surgeon, Dr. Brown is an orthopedic surgeon, and Dr. Burnett is a
vascular surgeon. They share the practice, along with all of their expenses, income, and
offices.
D.
Dr. Smith is an internist, Dr. Gregory is a pediatrician, and Dr. Stanley is a family
practitioner. They are paid a monthly salary by an organization to see all of its
patients. Correct
The integrated health maintenance model has prepaid multispecialty physicians, such as in option D.
Option A is an example of a solo practice. Option B is an example of a single specialty group model.
Option C is an example of a multispecialty group practice.
DIF: Cognitive level: Application
REF: Page 187
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508917341
The scope of health services at the federal level subsystem targets all of the following major health
areas except:
A.
the general population.
B.
individual families. Correct
C.
special populations.
D.
international health.
The scope of health services of the federal level subsystem targets the following major health areas:
the general population, special populations, and international health. For the general population,
federal activities include protection against hazards, maintenance of vital and health statistics,
advancement of scientific knowledge through research, and provision of disaster relief.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 189-190
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508917334
Which of the following statements is true regarding the state level subsystem?
A.
States share central authority of the public health care system with the federal
government.
B.
The organization and activities of public health services vary widely among the
states. Correct
C.
It is the role of the governor to direct most state health agencies.
D.
Compared with other state programs, state health programs usually have a small,
specialized staff.
States are responsible for the health of their citizens and are the central authorities in the public
health care system. The organization and activities of public health services vary widely among the
states. A health commissioner or secretary of health who is typically appointed by the governor
directs most state health agencies. The health officer is usually a physician with a degree and
experience in public health. In some states, the health officer directs the health department. Many
states have boards of health, which determine policies and priorities for allocation of funds. Staffing of
the state agency varies among states; however, compared with other state programs, state health
operations and to embrace organizational change needed to reorient error-ridden systems and
processes.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 194
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
9.
9.ID: 2508917343
The report requested by Congress that examined the federal government's quality enhancement
process was:
A.
Leadership by Example. Correct
B.
Crossing the Quality Chasm. Incorrect
C.
To Err is Human, Building a Safer Health System.
D.
Health Professions Education.
Leadership by Example was a report requested by Congress that examined the federal government's
quality enhancement processes. Crossing the Quality Chasm focused on developing a new health
care system for the 21st century, one that improves care. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health
System focused on safety within the health care delivery system. In the report Health Professions
Education, the education of all health professionals is viewed as a bridge to quality care.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 195
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
10.
10.ID: 2508979353
The report Health Professions Education identified core competencies that apply to all health care
professions. These competencies include: (Select all that apply.)
A.
provide patient-centered care. Correct
B.
prioritize hands-off communication.
C.
use evidence-based practice. Correct
D.
apply quality improvement. Correct
E.
use informatics. Correct
Health Professions Education identified five core competencies that all apply to all health care
professions: (1) provide patient-centered care, (2) work in interdisciplinary or interprofessional teams,
(3) use evidence-based practice, (4) apply quality improvement, and (5) use informatics. The authors
noted that all health professionals "should be educated to deliver patient-centered care as members
of an interdisciplinary team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvement approaches,
and informatics."
CHAPTER 12:
1.
1.ID: 2508933079
Which of the following prospective payment methods determined the amount of reimbursement that
health care providers would receive for specific illnesses from Medicare?
A.
Current procedural terminology codes
B.
Actuarial classifications
C.
Diagnostic-related groups Correct
D.
Medigap insurance
For determination of the prospective amount, Medicare depended on the diagnostic-related groups to
calculate the reimbursement. Physician services are coded according to current procedural
terminology codes. Actuarial classifications ensured that adequate premiums were charged by private
health insurers for the projected health care needs of those enrolled. Medigap insurance is a privately
purchased individual or group health insurance plan designed to supplement Medicare coverage.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 211
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
2.
2.ID: 2508933085
Access to health care is determined by the circumstances of the individual that obstruct the means to
obtain desired health care. Which of the following is NOT a barrier to access to health care?
A.
Preexisting conditions
B.
Nonparticipating physician
C.
Inability to communicate
D.
Personal avoidance of a health problem Correct
Any condition that prevents an individual from seeking desired health care presents a barrier. Chosen
avoidance is not a barrier.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 216
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3.
3.ID: 2508933081
In a managed care organization, physicians are responsible for the approval or referral of some
services. In this position, they are referred to as:
A.
enforcers.
B.
gatekeepers. Correct
C.
carriers.
D.
distributors.
Some services may only be accessed on approval or referral from physicians who are called
gatekeepers (the primary care providers). The other options do not pertain to the referral or approval
of services by a physician.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 214
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
4.
4.ID: 2508933075
Currently, the state with the highest rate of adult smoking is:
A.
Tennessee.
B.
Indiana.
C.
Kentucky. Correct
D.
Ohio. Incorrect
Kentucky has the highest rate of adult smoking in the country. Tennessee, Indiana, and Ohio have a
lower rate of smoking that Kentucky does.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
5.
5.ID: 2508933083
During World War II, faced with a decrease in the number of workers, employers added a health
insurance plan to employee's benefits. These plans were called:
A.
health maintenance organizations.
B.
prospective payment plans.
C.
indemnity plans. Correct
D.
cafeteria plans.
During World War II, employers began to add health insurance to employees' benefits rather than
increasing the wages. This type of health insurance was called an indemnity plan. A health
maintenance organization is a managed care plan that acts as an insurer and sometimes a provider
for a fixed prepaid premium. Prospective payment is payment for health care providers based on the
disease or injury that is treated. Cafeteria plans are customizable health care plans.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Pages 209-210
Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
6.
6.ID: 2508933094
A major cause for the rise in health care costs is:
A.
an increase in the specialization of physicians.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
B.
a decrease in nonprofit hospitals.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
C.
a shortage in the number of primary care physicians.
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
DIF: Cognitive level: Knowledge
REF: Page 205
D.
a demand for complex and advanced services. Correct
The spiraling health care costs have been fueled by the presence of technological advances,
society's sense of entitlement to these therapies, a guaranteed payer, and the prevailing
medical orientation toward curative measures. The number of physicians or hospitals is not a
primary contributor to rising health care costs.
10.