Olivine
Order of crystallization
Amphibole
Na-rich
plagioclase
feldspar
Biotite
Potassium feldspar
Muscovite
Quartz
Late
Calcium-rich
Plagioclase
crystal
Magma
Crystal becomes
more sodium-rich
as it grows
The two sides of the reaction series diagram (EM4.11) depict two different types of reactions between
minerals and melt. Bowen named these reactions the
continuous and discontinuous series.
The continuous series involves only the plagioclase
EM4.1-1
Smith/Pun How Does Earth Work? Second Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall 2010
Sodium-rich
Discontinuous series
Ca-rich
plagioclase
feldspar
Continuous series
Pyroxene
Decreasing temperature
Early
Olivine crystal
Magma
Olivine
Olivine crystallizes
from cooling magma
Decreasing temperature
Pyroxene
Pyroxene crystal
2 mm
The olivine crystals in this gabbro
have rims of pyroxene,
documenting the reaction of the
olivine with the magma to produce
pyroxene at the time crystallization
of the rock ended.
EM4.1-2
Smith/Pun How Does Earth Work? Second Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall 2010
Early
Putting It Together
Continuous series
Discontinuous series
Ca-rich
plagioclase
feldspar
Olivine
Bowens reaction series diagrammatically illustrates the minerals that commonly occur together in rocks in accordance with rock and laboratory studies that show early minerals to react
with magmas during crystallization.
In the continuous series, reactions produce
gradual changes in the composition of plagioclase feldspar during magma crystallization.
In the discontinuous series, an earlier formed
magnesium-rich (and calcium-poor) silicate
mineral is consumed by a reaction that produces
a different magnesium-rich silicate.
Rock composition
Mafic
Intermediate
plagioclase
feldspar
Felsic
Biotite
Late
Potassium feldspar
Muscovite
Quartz
EM4.1-3
Smith/Pun How Does Earth Work? Second Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall 2010