GLASGOW 2011
British Academy
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
I
CONTENTS
Preface
Editors note
18
19
Inaugural lecture
A foreigners view of the coinage of Scotland, by Nicholas MAYHEW
23
Antiquity: Greek
I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO
35
42
48
Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by Rachel
BARKAY
52
58
67
Not only art! The period of the signing masters and historical iconography,
by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO
73
81
89
97
105
114
123
CONTENTS
131
The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by
Dimitar DRAGANOV
140
The royal archer and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in the
Seleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT
163
170
178
184
189
199
203
213
Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN
230
237
246
251
The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by
Constantine LAGOS
259
265
CONTENTS
269
280
285
293
Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend , by Lucian
MUNTEANU
304
310
The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA
319
Le trsor des monnaies perses dor trouv Argamum / Orgam (Jurilovca, dp.
de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMACHI & V. IONI
331
337
350
357
365
The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC third
century AD, by Ziad SAWAYA
376
382
Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by Lavinia
SOLE
393
405
CONTENTS
417
427
436
Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Grtyn, by
Burkhard TRAEGER
441
447
461
473
487
The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by Franck
WOJAN
497
500
Antiquity: Roman
The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN
509
514
The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by Frank
BERGER
527
Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first fourth century AD, by Line BJERG
533
The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of
present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORI-BREKOVI
538
CONTENTS
Die Mnzprgung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus
(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER
545
557
569
576
580
592
Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during the
Tetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEN-REINA, F.J.
FORTES, L.M. CABALN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA
595
605
613
621
629
635
Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in the
Flavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS
645
657
662
CONTENTS
668
New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCABELLIDO
676
686
696
709
Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:
iconological considerations with special reference to the emperors
correspondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jrgen HAMER
715
The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrians eastern silver coinages, by F.
HAYMANN
720
726
732
742
749
757
765
772
The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH
780
785
CONTENTS
794
800
809
816
822
828
839
846
856
864
Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Stdte des Ostens: ein Projekt der
Kommission fr alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLL
872
878
888
893
901
Could the unofficial mint called Atelier II be identified with the officinae of
Chteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON
906
CONTENTS
911
916
926
933
941
A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo
della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI
954
964
973
Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,
by Alessia ROVELLI
983
991
999
1004
1013
1019
1020
1025
CONTENTS
1037
The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica in
the second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD
1045
1056
Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors Greek imperial
issues, by Yannis STOYAS
1067
1073
1082
Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. Scott
VANHORN
1092
Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., by
Daniela WILLIAMS
1103
Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA
1115
Antiquity: Celtic
La moneda ibrica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior: consideraciones sobre
su cronologa y funcin, by Marta CAMPO
1135
1142
1148
1155
Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armua de
Tajua, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLS
1165
1173
10
CONTENTS
1182
1191
1198
New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)
and Rheinau (Switzerland) a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,
by Michael NICK
1207
1218
Antiquity: general
La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. ARVALO
GONZLEZ
1231
Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Mnzen und Gemmen,
by Angela BERTHOLD
1240
Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by Alessandra
BOTTARI
1247
Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches to
reading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL
1254
1261
Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,
by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI
1266
Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG
project, by Marici Martins MAGALHES
1278
1292
The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by
Isabelle A. PAFFORD
1303
Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at the
Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER
1310
CONTENTS
11
1323
1334
Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the orum Museum, by D. zlem
YALCIN
1344
1355
1360
1372
1382
1392
1401
1408
1411
Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE
1418
1426
1431
1436
1441
12
CONTENTS
1452
1458
1464
Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 10001250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON
1470
1477
1492
Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & Marcin
WOOSZYN
1500
Die frheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Mnze?, by Ivar
LEIMUS
1509
Coinage and money in the years of insecurity: the case of late Byzantine
Chalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS
1517
1535
The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and its
implications, by Michael MATZKE
1542
1552
1557
1564
1570
CONTENTS
13
1580
1591
The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries in
Klapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav EPAROVI
1597
1605
1614
1620
1625
1633
1640
1649
1664
1671
1679
The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST
1687
1693
14
CONTENTS
1704
1713
1719
1725
1734
1744
1748
Representaciones del caf en el acervo de numismtica del Museu Paulista USP, by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO
1752
Freiburg im echtland und die Mnzreformen der franzsischen Knige (16891726), by Nicole SCHACHER
1758
1765
1774
The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins from
Jchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by Petr
VOREL
1778
The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to the
English Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV
1783
1789
1796
CONTENTS
15
1807
1813
1821
1826
Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage.
Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by
Keiichiro KATO
1832
1841
A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by
KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER
1847
1852
Silver fragments of unique Byid and amdnid coins and their role in the Kel
hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVK
1862
Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde,
by A.V. PACHKALOV
1869
Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVIe au XIXe sicles, by
Josette RIVALLAIN
1874
Les imitations des dirhems carrs almohades: apport des analyses lmentaires,
by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND
1884
1890
Glass jetons from Sicily: new find evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato,
by Christian WEISS
1897
Medals
Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by
Kathleen ADLER
1907
16
CONTENTS
1920
1931
1937
1945
The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by Jan
PELSDONK
1959
1965
Shines with unblemished honour: some thoughts on an early nineteenthcentury medal, by Tuukka TALVIO
1978
General numismatics
Dalliconografia delle monete antiche allideologia della nazione future.
Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di DAnnunzio sulla nuova monetazione
Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO
1985
1993
The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by Franois de
CALLATA
1999
2004
2012
2017
A prosopography of the mint officials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by
Luca GIANAZZA
2022
2027
CONTENTS
17
2036
2044
Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,
by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
2046
2047
2058
2072
2082
2089
2100
From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia
presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI
2102
Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides
Collection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by
Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU
2112
Index of Contributors
2118
great number of coins from Amphipolis from the collection of the Paris
cabinet using neutron activation non destructive analysis, which is the most
accurate and safe method as the total object is analysed and we obtain very
high precision in the results.
252
THEODOROS KOUREMPANAS
same way in the Macedonian inscriptions not only during the reign of the last Antigonids5 but also
during the period of the Roman province of Macedonia.6 It is thus certain that the inscription on
that particular issue of Thessaloniki indicates a date. H. Gaebler had proposed that it was the 34th
year of the reign of Philip V. However the use of the head of Rome among the very first issues of
the three Macedonian cities indicates that the first coins in the name of the three cities were issued
after the abolition of the Macedonian monarchy by the Romans. The inscription of that particular
coin of Thessaloniki can only designate the 34th year of the province of Macedonia created in 148
BC. We can be sure that the inscription mentioning the 34th year attests the year 115 BC, since the
period of the four Macedonian districts covering the years between the abolition of the monarchy
and the creation of the province only lasted about 20 years (168-148 BC). The authenticity of the
coins of Thessaloniki bearing this date cant be questioned, as a number of such coins have been
found in organized excavations.7
We can distinguish 14 issues of the type Dionysus / goat bearing different monograms and
symbols. The issue bearing the inscription attesting the 34th year is most probably the last one, as
the style of Dionysus on the obverse is very close to the head of Dionysus on the coins of the type
Dionysus / Pegasus which follows (Pl. III, 1, 4). If we agree that the coin issues of Thessaloniki
were annual, the first issue of the type Dionysus / goat should be dated to 128 BC. If coins were
not issued every year, the beginning of the coinage would slightly change but it is very difficult
to accept that the first issues in the name of the city could be dated before the creation of the
province in 148 BC.
The first three issues of the types Rome / wreath and Dionysus / goat bear the inscription
(Pl. II, 1-6). On the last issue of the type with the head of Rome we have
the inscription and the inscription on the type Dionysus
/ goat bearing the same pair of monograms (Pl. II, 7-8 ). The inscription will
be used for all the following issues of Thessaloniki with the exception of the type Artemis / bow
and quiver and some rare issues of the type Heracles / club.
On the types of Pella we find only the inscription and on the types of Amphipolis
we find only the inscription . As we have already mentioned above, the coins of
Pella with the head of Rome bear the same pairs of monograms as the type Athena / cow, and the
coins of Amphipolis with the head of Rome bear the same pairs of monograms as the type Poseidon / club. It is clear that the first issues in the name of the three cities are characterized by the use
of the same types and each issue is recognized by the different monograms. This practice belongs
to the Greek monetary tradition.
On the following types the monograms become rare and gradually disappear. Each different
type belongs now to a single issue and this is clearly a Roman practice as Prof. Olivier Picard has
pointed out. This coinage in the name of the Macedonian cities goes up to the middle of the first
century and the sequence of the different types is usually assured by overstrikes which were a
common practice in Macedonia from the second half of the second century till the first half of the
first century BC.
5
6
7
IG X 2 1, n.3.
Syll3 700.
Oeconomides and Kourempanas 2007, p. 230, no. 10.
253
Thessaloniki
Amphipolis
Rome / wreath
Rome / wreath
Rome / wreath
Athena / cow
Dionysus /goat
Poseidon / club
Apollo / tripod
Heracles / club
Strymon / dolphin
Strymon / trident
Athena / chariot
Dionysus / Pegasus
Heracles / lion
Heracles / centaur
Hermes / Pan
Zeus / bull
Zeus / bull
Zeus / bull
Athena / cow
Athena / cow
Dionysus / goat
Dionysus / goat
Janus / centaurs
Janus / centaurs
Apollo / tripod
The use of the same types and the same symbols helps us to distinguish coins that were struck
at the same time by the three Macedonian cities (Pl. III, 3-5). These coins are found together in
bronze hoards from Macedonia containing almost exclusively coins in the name of the three cities
Thessaloniki, Pella and Amphipolis. Also in organized excavations carried out in different parts of
Macedonia8 we find an almost equal percentage of coins in the name of the three cities. These conclusions show that there was a well organized monetary policy in the Roman province of Macedonia and explain why the circulation of bronze coins of each city was not limited to the area of the
city and its territory. Coins of all the three cities circulated all over the province of Macedonia - a
practice that is unusual for the bronze coins of the Greek cities.
The Hellenistic coins in the name of Thessaloniki, Pella and Amphipolis were imitated by barbarian tribes installed close to the frontiers of Macedonia. The imitations are distinguished by their
style and bear barbarous inscriptions with spelling errors in some cases. In the archaeological
museums of Northern Greece we can rarely find such imitations. On the other hand, the museums
of Scopia, Kyustendil and Blagoevgrad have in their numismatic collections a considerable number of imitations in the name of the Macedonian cities. This proves that the imitations circulated
in the frontiers of the Roman province of Macedonia. It is still difficult to designate with precision
the exact territory of the province during the period of the Roman Republic, as we are not well
informed from the literary sources at our disposal. It seems that the frontiers were unstable and
changed when the Roman army conquered new territories. The territory of the province could be
equally reduced by barbarian invasions. It is also difficult to draw a map with the settlements of
8
254
THEODOROS KOUREMPANAS
the different Thracian tribes. Our sources of information belong to distinct periods and the territory
of each tribe was certainly not stable.9 The significant number of imitations of Thessaloniki, Pella
and Amphipolis outside Macedonia shows that these imitations were not to be used outside the
territory they were struck. It seems that they were produced for local use.
The significant number of the coins in the name of the three Macedonian cities (Amphipolis,
Thessaloniki and Pella) is to be related to the wars of the Romans in the Balkans during the second
and first centuries BC. At the beginning the three cities use the type with the head of Rome that
was already used for the coinage in the name of the Roman quaestors of Macedonia.10 Then the
types usually reflect the most important cults of each city. An inscription from Lete, a small city
near Thessaloniki, confirms that the Greek cities were obliged to support the wars of the Romans
providing men and supplies to the Roman army. For that reason the Greek cities had to spend considerable amounts of money and could cover part of these expenses by striking their own coinage.
The numismatic issues in the name of the Macedonian cities become even more numerous at the
end of the second century BC, during a period in which took place the most important military
expeditions of the Romans known from literary sources.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adam-Veleni 2000 = . -, ,
: : , , , : 15-17 1998, ( 4; 2000), pp. 127-40.
Gaebler, H. (1926), Zur Mnzkunde Makedoniens. VII. Der Prgebeginn in Thessalonike.- Die
ersten Colonialprgungen in Pella, Dium und Cassandrea, ZfN 36, 111-41.
Guerra, M. / Picard, O. (1999), Lalliage des monnaies de bronze (Amphipolis, Thsos, Maronne), Thsos, matires premires et technologie de la prhistoire nos jours, actes du colloque
international, Limnaria 26-29 Septembre 1995 (Kavala-Athnes), pp. 195-205.
Macdonald, D. (2000), Macedonian civic bronze overstrikes and circulation areas NomChron
19, pp. 115-19.
Mackay, P. (1968), Bronze coinage in Macedonia 168 166 BC, ANSMN 14, pp. 5-11.
Malama / Salonikios (2002) = . - . ,
. . ., 16, pp. 145-55.
Oeconomides / Kourempanas (2007) = . - . , . , 146, pp. 221-42.
Picard, O. (2007), Esquisse dune histoire des rapports conomiques entre Grecs et Thraces,
Picard 2007.
Price 1987, p. 100, note 3. The issues of the Roman quaestors of
Macedonia should be dated after 148BC and not after the battle of Pydna
as P.MacKay has suggested. No literary source mentions that a province
was created immediately after 168 BC, even for a short period of time as P.
MacKay supposed. (Mackay 1968).
9
10
255
Thrace in the Graeco-Roman World, Proceedings of the 10th international congress of Thracology: Komotini-Alexandroupolis 18-23 October 2005 (Athens), pp. 464-73.
Price, M. (1987), Southern Greece, in: Burnett, A. / Crawford, M. (eds.), The Coinage of the
Roman World in the Late Republic. Proceedings of a Colloquium held at the British Museum in
September 1985 (BAR International Series 326), pp. 85-103.
Touratsoglou (1993) = I. , .
(.200. .- 268-286..), .
PLATE I
PLATE II
PLATE III