1

962 /1 - CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 1

CHAPTER 1 - 6 : REVISION NOTES

BY : MR CHEW CHIN KUEN

LESSON 25 : 8TH NOV 2015 (SUNDAY)

CLASS : LOWER 6 CHEM 2

TIME : 3.30 - 5.30 PM

STUDENT NAME :
SECTION A
[15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section
1.

Thermal decomposition of KClO3 yields KCl and O2. When 4.29 g of KClO3 undergo this
reaction, how many grams of oxygen are produced?

A.

1.12 g

2.

The diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of zinc. Use the data to calculate
the relative atomic mass of the sample :

B.

0.56 g

C.

2.24 g

D.

1.68 g

50
40
30
20
10
0
64

B.

65.5

65

C.

66

67

A.

65.3

65.8

D.

66.0

3.

Boron has the valence electron of 2s2 2p1. In which order are the electrons lost in
forming the B4+ ion?
1st

2nd

3rd

4th

p orbital

p orbital

s orbital

s orbital

p orbital

s orbital

s orbital

p orbital

p orbital

s orbital

s orbital

s orbital

p orbital

s orbital

s orbital

d orbital

4.

Which of the following statement are based on Bohr's hydrogen atomic theory?

I.
II.
III.
IV.

Energy of electron can be quantised.

Electron closer to nucleus has the lowest energy
Emission line become closer as energy level decreased.
At convergence limit, frequency emitted is the highest.

A.
C.

I, II and III only correct

I, III and IV only correct

B.
D.

I, II and IV only correct

II, III and IV only correct

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5.

The relative molecular mass of propanone, CH3COCH3, and butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3

are 58 and 60 respectively. Which of the following statements best explains why the
boiling point of propanone (68.0 C) is higher than that of butane (24.0C)?

A.
B.

The propanone molecule has a larger surface area than butane molecule.
The covalent bonds in the propanone molecule are stronger than those in the butane
molecule.
There are hydrogen bonds between propanone molecules, but not between butane
molecules.
There are dipole-dipole forces between propanone molecules, but only van der Waals'
forces between butane molecules

C.
D.

6.

In which one of the following pairs do the molecules have similar shapes?

A.
C.

AlCl3 and BCl3

BF3 and NH3

7.

Which of the following graph correctly described Charles' Law?

B.
D.

AlCl3 and PCl3

SF4 and SiCl4

B.

A.
VT/

Volume
/ m3

m 3 oC

Temperature / 0C

Temperature/0C
D.

C.
1/V /
m-3

Volume
/ m3
Low P
High P

Temperature / 0C

T / 0C

8.

Which one of the following cannot be liquefied by compression at temperature of

25.0 C?

A.
B.
C.
D.

CH3Cl, critical point data: 144.0 C, 66.0 atm

C2H2, critical point data: 35.5 C, 61.6 atm
C2H6, critical point data: 32.2 C, 48.2 atm
SiF4, critical point data: -14.1 C, 36.7 atm

3
9.

Iodine reacts with propanone in the presence of dilute acids as represented by the
following equation:
I2 + CH3COCH3 HI + CH3COCH2I.
The graph of the concentration of propanone in the reaction mixture measured at
regular time intervals is given as follows :
[CH3COCH3]
/mol dm-3
x----

x/2 ---------------------------

time / s

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the reaction above
A.
B.
C.
D.

The half-life of the reaction occur at time p second.

The order of reaction is zero order with respect to propanone.
The rate-determining step may be CH3COCH3 + I2 product
rate constant of the reaction I2 + CH3COCH3 HI + CH3COCH2I, is measurable by the
gradient of the graph.

10.

The initial concentration of a reactant, with a first order reaction, is 0.630 mol dm-3. What
will be its concentration after 3 half lives?

A.
C.

0.210 mol dm-3

0.079 mol dm-3

11.

For the reaction system,

2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
2 SO3 (g)
Kc has a value of 4.62 at 450.0 K. A system, at equilibrium has the following
concentrations: [SO3] = 0.254 mol dm-3, [O2] = 0.00855 mol dm-3. What is the equilibrium
concentration of SO2?

A.
C.

1.28 mol dm-3

0.465 mol dm-3

12.

Given the reaction,

2 NO (g) + O2 (g)
2 NO2 (g)
H = - 1189 kJ.
Which one of the following will cause an increase in the equilibrium concentration of
NO in a closed reaction chamber?

A.
B.
C.
D.

increasing the temperature of the system

adding some more O2(g) through an injection nozzle
removing the NO2 from the system by absorbing it in a species specific zeolite
increasing the pressure of the system while temperature is kept constant

B.
D.

B.
D.

0.315 mol dm-3

0.103 mol dm-3

1.63 mol dm-3

6.43 mol dm-3

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13.

The dissociation constant, Ka, for HOI(aq), hypoiodous acid, is 2.3 x 10-11 mol dm-3. What
is the pH of a 0.050 mol dm-3 solution of hypoiodous acid?

A.
C.

2.35
8.03

14.

Which one of the following is the most appropriate chemical indicator to use in the
titration of 0.100 mol dm-3 ammonia solution by 0. 100 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid,
HCl (aq)? Given that the titrant in this reaction is HCl (aq).

A.
B.
C.
D.

thymol blue, for which pKInd = 8.8, also H-Ind is yellow and Ind- is blue
methyl orange, for which pKInd = 3.8, also H-Ind is red and Ind- is yellow
thymolphthalein, for which pKInd = 9.9, also H-Ind is colorless and Ind- is blue
cresol red, for which pKInd = 7.9, also H-Ind is yellow and Ind- is red

15.

The boiling point-composition graph of a mixture solution consisting two liquids

component X and Y, is shown below.

B.
D.

Boiling point / 0C
of X

5.97
11.65

Boiling point / 0C
of Y

Mol fraction of Y

Which statements are true about the graph?

I.
II.
III.
IV.

The vapour pressure of X is higher than that of Y

Enthalpy change of the mixture between X and Y is zero
When mixture at point A is fractional distillate twice, liquid Y is obtained
The intermolecular forces of X and Y are almost the same.

A.
C.

I and III only correct

I, II and III only correct

B.
D.

II and IV only correct

II, III and IV only correct

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SECTION B

[15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section

16.

Natural samples of krypton consist of mixtures of isotopes. A particular sample of

krypton consist the following isotopes and abundance as described in table below.
nucleon number
relative abundance (%)

a)

80
2.40

82
11.70

Define isotopes

83
11.60

84
56.90

86
17.40
[1 mark]

b)

State the methods to obtain the above data.

[1 mark]

c)

Calculate the relative atomic mass of krypton using the information above [2 marks]

d)

From the value calculated in (c), determine the pressure of krypton gas produced at
25.00C. Given the density of krypton gas : 3.75 g dm-3.
[3 marks]

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17.

The boiling point-composition

composition curves
c
for the mixture of nitric acid and water at constant
pressure is shown in the graph below
Boiling point / 0C

Boiling point / 0C

120

120

Azeotropic
mixture

100

100

80

80

60

60
0

20

40

60

80

100

% composition of nitric acid

The azeotropic mixture between nitric acid and water is at 68.0 % of composition of
nitric acid, which occur at 1200C.
(a)

Define the term azeotropic mixture

[2 marks]

.......
.......
(b)
(i)

From the graph above

State the type of deviation from Raoults law exhibited by the mixture of nitric acid
and water.
[1 mark]

.......
(ii)

What is the forces of attraction between nitric acid and water, which results the
type of deviation as stated in (b)(i)?
[1 mark]

.......
(iii)

From
om the above graph, determine the vapour composition of the
th distillate when
the following composition by % of nitric acid solution is fractionally distilled for three
times.
[2 marks]
40.0% of nitric acid solution : ...............................................................................................
............................................
70.0% of nitric acid solution : ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................

(c)

Suggest a method on how to obtain nitric acid at its highest purity

[1 mark]

.......

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SECTION C
[30 marks]
Answer any 2 questions in this section
18.

Period 3 elements can form different fluoride based compound, for example MgF2, AlF3
and PF3.

a)

Melting point of MgF2, AlF3 and PF3 are described in the table below
Compound

Melting point / 0C

Magnesium fluoride, MgF2

1264

Aluminium fluoride, AlF3

1040

Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3

- 22

Explain the melting point of these fluorides

b)

[4 marks]

Sulphur can also react with fluorine to form sulphur fluoride at different oxidation
states, namely sulphur difluoride, SF2, sulphur tetrafluoride, SF4, and sulphur
hexafluoride, SF6.
i.

Draw the Lewis structures of SF2, SF4 and SF6. Using the valence-shell electron-pair
repulsion theory, deduce the shapes of these molecules.
[9 marks]

ii.

Fluorine and bromine are both elements in Group 17. Explain why SBr6 does not exist.
[2 marks]
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19. (a)

State the assumptions made in the kinetic theory of gases, and discuss the validity
of these assumptions for a real gas.
[4 marks]

(b)

Sketch a graph of PV/RT against P for an ideal gas. on the same graph, sketch also,
the curve for ammonia gas and methane gas. Explain the negative deviation of
ammonia and methane
[6 marks]

(c)

A fluoride X is formed when krypton reacts with fluorine. Given that 0.100 g of X
occupies 104 cm3 at 2.00 x 104 Pa and 305 K, what is the relative molecular mass of
X. Hence deduce its molecular formula.
[5 marks]

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20.

Lactic acid, CH3CH(OH)COOH, which is a monoprotic acid, is one of the component

found in soured milk. When 25.0 cm3 of lactic acid at unknown concentration is
titrated against sodium hydroxide 0.0500 mol dm-3, the following information were
obtained.

Volume of NaOH added / cm3

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

pH of mixture

2.50

3.00

3.40

3.70

4.00

4.30

4.50

4.70

7.80

10.1

11.2

11.6

(a)

Define pH

(b)

Based on the table above, plot a graph of pH value against the volume of NaOH
added to the mixture
[3 marks]

(c)

From the graph sketched in (b),

(i)

Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in the before the titration

(ii) Determine the Ka of lactic acid. Justify your answer

[1 mark]

[2 marks]
[4 marks]

(iii) Using the end-point of the curve, calculate the concentration of lactic acid.
[3 marks]
(iv) Suggest an indicator suitable to be used during the titration, and state the colour
changes occur from the beginning to the end-point, and finally until the end of
experiment
[2 marks]
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Solution for Summative Test 1 2015
1.
2.
3.

D
B
C

4.
5.
6.

B
D
A

7.
8.
9.

C
D
B

10. C
11. A
12. A

b) PV/RT

13. B
14. B
15. D

CH4
1--

16. a) - atoms with the same proton number, different

number of neutron / nucleon number
[1]
b) mass spectrum / spectra
[1]
(80 2.40 ) + (82 11 .70 ) + (83 11.60)

c)
AR =

+ (84 56 .90 ) + (86 17 .40 )

2.40 + 11.70 + 11.60 + 56.90 + 17.40

AR = 83.90
d) PV = nRT @ P = dRT / MR
P = (3.75 g dm-3 / 1.0 x 10-3) x 8.31 x 298 / 83.90
P = 111 kPa

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

18. a) - MgF2 and AlF3 are hold by ionic crystal lattice [1]
- NF3 is simple covalent molecule hold by weak Van Der
Waals forces
[1]
- Al3+ in AlF3 has higher charge than Mg2+ in MgF2 [1]
- Al3+ has higher polarising power / covalency
[1]
b) - i. Each comparison [1] x 9
[9]
SF2
SF4
SF6
Lewis

P / atm
[2]
- Axis [1] ; ideal gas and CH4 curve
- CH4 is hold by weak Van Der Waals forces
[1]
- causing particles to collide less frequently with the wall
of container as P increase
[1]
- which results PV/RT < 1
[1]
20.(a) pH = -lg [H+] (or using words)
(b) Axis [1] plotting [1] curve [1]

[1]
[3]

14
12

pH

17. (a) - liquid and vapour are at equilibrium

- under a constant boiling point
(b)i. negative deviation
ii. electrostatic attraction forces
iii. 40% HNO3 - pure H2O
70% HNO3 - 93% HNO3
(c) using dehydrating agent / use SiO2

[1]

ideal gas

10
8
6
4
2

No of
2 l.p.e.
1 l.p.e.
lpe &
6 b.p.e
2 b.p.e
4 b.p.e
bpe
Shape
bent
See-saw
Octahedral
[l.p.e : lone pair electron ; b.p.e. : bond pair electron]
ii. Br has large atomic radius / size
[1]
- steric hindrance effect take place in SBr6
[1]
19.(a) Assumptions made are:
-. gas particles have negligible size / volume.
[1]
- gas particles have negligible intermolecular forces of
attraction.
[1]
- collisions of gas particles are perfectly elastic.
[1]
- real gas have significant size or volume, there are
significant intermolecular forces between gas molecules,
[1]
- kinetic energy lost when the gas molecules collide [1]
(c) - PV = nRT @ PV = (m/MR)RT
- (2.00 x 104)(104 x 10-6) = (0.100/MR)(8.31)(305)
- MR = 121.8
Since KrFa ; (83.8) + a (19.0) = 121.8 ; a = 2
molecular formula = KrF2

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

0
0

10

VNaOH / cm3

15

20

[1]
(c) i. 2.50 = - lg [H+] @ [H+] = 10-2.50
- [H+] = 3.16 x 10-3 mol dm-3
[1]
ii. Ka is pH located 1/2 of V at end point
[1]
+
- since the ratio of [H ] / [CH3CH(OH)COO ] (or [acid] /
[salt] is 1 : 1 at 1/2 of V at end point
[1]
- pH at 1/2 V = pKa = 4.0
[1]
- Ka = 1.0 x 10-4 mol dm-3
[1]
iii. CH3CH(OH)COOH + NaOH
CH3CH(OH)COONa + H2O
[1]
M A VA a
M A (25.0)
1
[1]

M B VB

(0.0500)(15.00)

MA = 0.0300 mol dm-3

[1]
iv. indicator [1] colour change [1]
[2]
Bromothymol blue Yellow Green blue
Phenolphthalein
ColourlessLight pinkpurple