DESIGN
- 47 -
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
DESIGN
Lifting Device (Lever) - A device to manually open a pressure relief valve by the application of external force to lessen
the spring loading which holds the valve closed. Lifting devices
can be an open lever or a packed lever (fully enclosed design).
BASICS OF
RELIEF VALVES
- 48 -
Operational Characteristics
Rated Capacity - The measured flow at an authorized percent overpressure permitted by the applicable code. Rated
capacity is generally expressed in lbs/hr for Steam, SCFM for
gases and GPM for liquids.
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
Lift - The actual travel of the disc away from the closed
position when a valve is relieving.
DESIGN
CLOSED
OPENING
OPEN
- 49 -
BASICS OF
RELIEF VALVES
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
SIZING GUIDELINES
GENERAL
2. Set Pressure
2. Relieving Capacity
a. ASME Section I - The minimum required relieving capacity
of the pressure relief valve for all types of boilers shall not
be less than the maximum designed steaming capacity
as determined by the Manufacturer and shall be based
on the capacity of all the fuel burning equipment as
limited by other boiler functions. (ASME Section I, PG67.2.1, 1998)
b. ASME Section VIII - The minimum required relieving capacity shall be sufficient to carry off the maximum quantity
that can be generated or supplied to the attached
equipment without permitting a rise in pressure within the
vessel with appropriate overpressure condition above the
maximum allowable working pressure.
3. Pressure relief valves should not be oversized. Oversizing a
pressure relief valve will cause chatter. A multiple valve
selection should be used in order to eliminate the possibility
of chattering. Use a multiple valve installation when:
DESIGN
SIZING GUIDELINES
1. Recommend a 20% or 10 PSIG differential between operating and set pressure, whichever is greater. The set pressure of each pressure relief valve must be in conformance
with limits specified in the appropriate ASME code.
2. Overpressure
FIG. 41 SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
6
5
3
TYPE ED PRESSURE
REGULATOR
FIGURE A
- 50 -
7
1
TYPE ED PRESSURE
REGULATOR
FIGURE C
3. If an intermediate pressure line is taken off between the
pressure reducing valves then this line and the final low
side shall be protected by pressure relief valves sized on
the basis of the high side pressure and the largest possible
orifice size of the first pressure reducing valve in the line
(National Board Inspection Code ANSI/NB-23, Appendix G,
1999) plus the bypass or the maximum possible flow
through the downstream pipe , whichever is less. Consideration should be given to the maximum capacity of the
source .
FIG. 41 SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
6
2
TYPE ED PRESSURE
REGULATOR
3
3
TYPE ED PRESSURE
REGULATOR
4
5
TYPE ED PRESSURE
REGULATOR
6
FIGURE B
- 51 -
FIGURE D
FIG. 41 SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
SIZING GUIDELINES
FIG. 41 SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
DESIGN
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
2
5
4
TYPE ED
PRESSURE
REGULATOR
TYPE ED
PRESSURE
REGULATOR
DESIGN
FIGURE E
D. Two Stage Parallel Pressure Reducing Station
1. Sizing is based whenever any condition from (B) and any
condition from (C) applies.
2. In addition, all sizing should be based on maximum
capacity from sources.
SIZING GUIDELINES
PIPE DATA TABLE
Actual external
diameter, inches
Approx. internal
diameter, inches
Approx.
internal area
square inches
3/8
0.675
0.49
0.19
1/2
0.840
0.62
0.3
3/4
1.050
0.82
0.53
1.315
1.05
0.86
1 1/4
1.660
1.38
1.5
1 1/2
1.900
1.61
2.04
2.375
2.07
3.36
2 1/2
2.875
2.47
4.78
7.39
3.500
3.07
3 1/3
4.000
3.55
9.89
4.500
4.03
12.73
5.563
5.05
19.99
6.625
6.07
28.89
8.625
8.07
51.15
10
10.750
10.19
81.55
12
12.750
12.09
114.8
Note: In applying these rules, the area of the pipe is always based upon standard weight pipe
and the inlet size of the pressure reducing valve.
Adapted from National Board Inspection Code ANSI/NB-23, Appendix G, 1998.
- 52 -
Outlet
pres.
psi
175
150
125
110
100
85
75
60
50
40
30
25
15
10
1500
76560
77430
77750
77830
1450
72970
74180
74810
74950
75070
1400
69170
70760
71720
72160
72330
1350
64950
67000
68340
69130
69490
69610
1300
60540
63100
64870
66020
66700
66880
66900
1250
55570
58770
61040
62610
63680
64270
64270
1200
49930
53920
56820
58900
60390
61260
61520
61550
1150
43930
48610
52260
54930
56910
58200
58820
56260
56270
1100
35230
42380
47050
50480
53060
54840
55870
56260
56270
1050
25500
34890
41050
45470
48800
51170
52670
53480
53660
53810
1000
24910
33490
39660
43980
47080
49170
50440
51020
51040
950
23960
29080
38340
42420
45230
47070
48470
48470
900
23190
31610
37110
40860
43400
45010
45800
45850
45870
350
13630
17100
18250
18250
18250
18780
300
10800
15350
16000
16200
250
10900
12600
13400
13600
13600
13600
13600
13600
13630
30
1485
2320
25
1800
2060
800
21800
29420
34250
37470
39850
40530
40730
40760
750
21020
28260
32800
35730
37610
38150
38220
700
20190
27090
31310
33880
35260
35680
650
19480
25940
29760
31980
33050
33120
33240
600
18620
24630
28080
29980
30690
550
17720
23290
26380
27910
28140
28150
500
16680
21870
24570
25610
25650
450
15760
20460
22620
23200
400
14790
18860
21000
21350
175
6750
8780
9460
9760
150
6220
7420
7970
8480
125
4550
5630
6640
7050
7200
100
4070
4980
5750
5920
85
3150
4540
5000
5140
75
3520
4230
4630
60
2680
3480
3860
50
2470
3140
3340
40
2210
2580
2830
Where capacities are not shown for inlet and outlet conditions, use the highest capacity shown under the applicable inlet pressure column.
Adapted from National Board Inspection Code ANSI/NB-23, Appendix G, 1998.
- 53 -
DESIGN
Outlet
pres.
psi
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
175
150
125
110
100
85
75
60
CAPACITY OF
SATURATED STEAM
Outlet
pres.
psi
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
Kb
Kd
Kn
DESIGN
ASME SECTION IV
HEATING BOILERS
ASME SECTION I
POWER BOILERS
A =
W
_________________
51.45 KdPKshKbKn
A =
W
_____________
51.45 KdPKb
A =
GAS OR VAPOR
__ __(LBS/HR)
W
________________
51.5 KdPKshKbKn
A =
AIR (SCFM)
__
A =
LIQUID10% OVERPRESSURE
(GPM) CODE
__
WT
__________
418 KdPKb
A =
W___
G
________________
38.0 KdP KvKw
LIQUID25% OVERPRESSURE
(GPM) NON
__ CODE
GAS OR VAPOR
__ __(SCFM)
__
A =
W T__
Z
___________
CKdPM Kb
WGTZ
_____________
1.175 CKdPKb
A =
All sizing equations are in compliance with API 520 Part I 1997.
Please refer to that document for further information on sizing.
The user is responsible for verifying that these are the currently
accepted formulae and for contacting the manufacturer(s) for
W___
G
_________________
38.0 KdP1 KpKvKw
- 54 -
Steam/Air/Gas/Vapor (Kd)
Liquid (Kd)
.878
.878
.878
.800
.711
.624
.752
31 Series Bronze
31 Series Cast Iron
800 Series
10 Series
15 Series
50 Series
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
Coefficient
(C)
Molecular Weight
(M)
Specific Gravity
(Air=1)
Acetylene
1.25
342
26.04
.899
Acetic Acid
1.15
332
60.05
2.073
Air
1.40
356
28.97
1.00
Ammonia
1.30
347
17.03
.588
Argon
1.66
377
39.94
1.379
Benzene
1.12
329
78.11
2.696
N-Butane
1.18
335
58.12
2.006
Iso-Butane
1.19
336
58.12
2.006
Carbon Dioxide
1.29
346
44.01
1.519
Carbon Monoxide
1.40
356
28.01
.967
Chlorine
1.35
352
70.90
2.447
Ethane
1.19
336
30.07
1.038
Ethyl Alcohol
1.13
330
46.07
1.590
Ethylene
1.24
341
28.03
0.968
Freon 11
1.14
331
137.37
4.742
Freon 12
1.14
331
120.92
4.742
Freon 22
1.18
335
86.48
2.985
Freon 114
1.09
326
170.93
5.900
Helium
1.66
377
4.02
0.139
Hydrochloric Acid
1.41
357
36.47
1.259
Hydrogen
1.41
357
2.02
0.070
Hydrogen Chloride
1.41
357
36.47
1.259
Methane
1.31
348
16.04
0.554
Methyl Alcohol
1.20
337
32.04
1.106
Natural Gas
1.27
344
19.00
0.656
Nitric Oxide
1.40
356
30.00
1.036
Nitrogen
1.40
356
28.02
0.967
Nitrous Oxide
1.31
348
44.02
1.520
Oxygen
1.40
356
32.00
1.105
Propane
1.13
330
44.09
1.522
Propylene
1.15
332
42.08
3.60
Sulfur Dioxide
1.27
344
64.04
2.211
- 55 -
TABLE E1
TABLE E2
Gas or Vapor
DESIGN
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
DESIGN
TABLE E3
1.00
315
1.02
318
1.04
320
1.06
322
1.08
324
1.10
327
1.12
329
1.14
331
1.16
333
1.18
335
1.20
337
1.22
339
1.24
341
1.26
343
1.28
345
1.30
347
1.32
349
1.34
351
1.36
352
1.38
354
1.40
356
1.42
358
1.44
359
1.46
361
1.48
363
1.50
364
1.52
366
1.54
368
1.56
369
1.58
371
1.60
372
1.62
374
1.64
376
1.66
377
1.68
379
1.70
380
2.00
400
2.20
412
_______________
k+1
_____
2 k1
k _____
k+1
C = 520
- 56 -
320
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
340
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
360
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
380
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
400
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
440
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
460
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
480
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
500
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.95
520
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
200
220
240
260
280
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
388
395
403
409
416
422
436
448
460
470
480
489
497
506
513
520
527
533
540
546
552
558
563
569
574
579
584
588
593
597
606
615
622
630
636
644
650
658
663
669
675
680
686
691
420
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
540
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
720
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
740
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
760
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
780
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
800
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
820
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
840
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
860
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
880
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
900
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
920
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
940
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
960
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
980
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
1,000
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.95
0.95
1.00
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.98
0.98
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.76
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.75
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.78
0.77
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.98
0.99
0.99
1.00
- 57 -
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.98
1.00
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.91
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.96
1.00
1.00
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
300
1.00
1.00
1.00
DESIGN
TABLE E4
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
90
80
70
60
50
40
=
=
=
=
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
Example
k
k
k
k
30
20
DESIGN
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FORMULA KEY
Pb
% of absolute backpressure = ________
x 100
Ps + Po
GRAPH E5
Pb = Backpressure, psia
Ps = Set Pressure, psia
Po = Overpressure, psi
(70+10+14.7)
% of absolute backpressure = _____________
x 100 = 76
(100+10+14.7)
Kb (follow dotted line)
Capacity with backpressure
Note: This chart is typical and suitable for use only when the
make of the valve or the actual critical flow pressure point for
the vapor or gas is unknown; otherwise, the valve
manufacturer should be consulted for specific data. This
correction factor should be used only in the sizing of
- 58 -
100
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
20%
overp
ressu
re
0.90
10
%
0.80
ov
er
pr
es
su
re
0.70
0.60
0.50
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FORMULA KEY
Pb
% of gauge backpressure = ____
x 100
Ps
Pb = Backpressure, psia
Ps = Set Pressure, psia
Note: The curves above represent a compromise of the values
recommended by a number of relief valve manufacturers and
may be used when the make of the valve or the actual critical
flow pressure point for the vapor of the gas is unknown. When
make is known, the manufacturer should be consulted for the
1.10
0.80
GRAPH E7CAPACITY
CORRECTION FACTORS
DUE TO OVERPRESSURE
0.70
1.00
0.90
0.60
Kp
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
% Overpressure
40
45
50
DESIGN
Note: The curve on the left shows that, at 25% or less overpressure, capacity is affected by the change in lift, the change
in orifice discharge coefficient and the change in over-pressure,
Above 25% overpressure, capacity is affected only by the
change in over-pressure. Valves operating at low overpressure
tend to chatter, therefore, over-pressures of less than 10%
should be avoided.
Information from API 520 Part I, 1997
- 59 -
GRAPH E6
GRAPH E7
GRAPH E8CAPACITY
CORRECTION FACTOR
DUE TO VISCOSITY
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Kv
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
10
20
40 50
100
200
400
10,000 20,000
100,000
R = Reynolds number
FORMULA KEY
A
G
DESIGN
________
R = Q(2800G)
__
A
or R =
12,700Q
________
__
UA
GRAPH E8
GRAPH E9
1.00
0.95
Pb
% of gauge backpressure = ____
x 100
Ps
0.90
0.85
Kw
0.80
0.75
FORMULA KEY
0.70
Pb = Backpressure, psia
Ps = Set Pressure, psia
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0
10
20
30
40
- 60 -
50
Spence Safety and Relief Valves (unlike some competitors valves) are tested and conform to API 527. These Spence Testing
Specifications are in conformance with applicable ASME Code and API 527.
Set Pressure
Tolerance
Blowdown
Overpressure
2 to 4 psig
2 psig to 6%
2 psig to 6%
2% to 6%
2% to 15 psig
2% to 15 psig
2% to 4%
2% to 4%
2 psig
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
3%
2 to 4 psig
N/A *
N/A *
33.3%
10%
10%
N/A *
N/A *
N/A *
3 psig
10%
10%
.5 psig
1 psig
2 psig
N/A *
N/A *
N/A *
3 psig
3 psig
3 psig
1 inch HG
2 inches HG
4 inches HG
N/A *
N/A *
N/A *
6 inch HG
6 inch HG
6 inch HG
2 psig
2 psig
3%
3%
3%
10 psig
10 psig
1%
2 psig
3 psig
5%
2 psig
2 psig
3%
DESIGN
LEAK TESTING
Service
Size
Steam
15 higher
All
Air
15 1000
40 bubbles/min
20 bubbles/min
Liquid
15 higher
Steam
15 higher
All
Air
15 1000
0 bubbles/min
0 bubbles/min
Liquid
15 higher
Metal Seats
Soft Seats
- 61 -
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Sec
Sec
Sec
Sec
Sec
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
Power Boilers
Material Specifications
Nuclear Power Plant Components
Heating Boilers (Low Pressure Steam & Hot Water)
Non-destructive Examination
Recommended Rules for Care & Operation of
Heating Boilers
- Recommended Rules for Care of Power Boilers
- Pressure Vessels
- Welding and Brazing Qualifications
- Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
- Rules for in service Inspection of Nuclear Power
Plant Components
DESIGN
The appropriate symbols (below) are required on all ASME coded Pressure Relief Valves:
ASME CODES
& STANDARDS
- 62 -
SECTION I
SECTION VIII
< 70
2 psig
3%
>70 & < 300
10 psig
> 300 & < 1000
> 1000
1%
(ASME Section I, PG-72.1, 1995)
< 70
2 psig
> 70
3%
(ASME Section VIII, UG-126 (d), 1995)
Blowdown Tolerances
< 67
4 psig
> 67 & < 250
6%
> 250 & < 375
15 psig
> 375
4%
minimum blowdown for all valves:
2 psi or 2%, whichever is greater
(ASME Section I, PG-72.2, 1995)
Capacity Certifications
Lifting Device
Sealing of Adjustments
Markings on Valve
Materials
- 63 -
ASME SECTION I TO
VIII COMPARISON
CRITERIA
DESIGN
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
DESIGN
INSTALLATION
GUIDELINES
Stop Valves
- 64 -
D. TROUBLESHOOTING
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
DESIGN
- 65 -
INSTALLATION
GUIDELINES
C. MAINTENANCE
PROCESS CONTROL
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
INSTALLATION
GUIDELINES
DESIGN
- 66 -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inlet Pipe
Isolation Valve
Strainer
PRV Type
Bypass Pipe
Bypass Valve
7. Delivery Pipe
8. SRV Type
9. Drip Pan Elbow
10. Vent Stack
11. Low Pressure Trap
12. High Pressure Trap
10
9
1
6
10 d1
20 d2
2
7
d1
d2
Min. 4 d2
11
12
- 67 -
PLANNING MAIN
VALVE INSTALLATION
DESIGN
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
PS =
P1 Pv when P2 > Pv
P ) P when P < P
P
q = Liquid Flow Rate, U.S. gpm
PS = P1 (.96 .28
=
=
=
=
To avoid interpolation or solve problems beyond the scope of the table, valve sizes may be determined by calculation as follows:
Cv
LOADS
SUBCRITICAL
DESIGN
SATURATED
STEAM:
P2 > .58 P1
W
Cv=
2.1 P (P1 + P2)
P2 > .5 P1
P (PGT P )
1+
Cv=
Cv=
.93q
W = 0.1 #/Hr./#Oil
VELOCITY
P2 < P1 .85 PS
PG
RADIATION
Q GT
834 P1
Cv=
P2 > P1 .85 PS
LIQUID:
AIR
P2 < .5 P1
FUEL OIL
P2 < .55 P1
W
(1
+ .0007TSH)
Cv=
1.75 P1
Q
Cv= 963
WATER
P2 < .58 P1
W
1.71 P1
Cv=
P2 > .55 P1
SUPERHEATED
STEAM:
Cv= W (1 + .0007TSH)
GAS:
CRITICAL
PG
STEAM
V = 2.4
Wv
A
PIPE FACTORS
FOR STANDARD
(SCHEDULE 40) PIPE
SIZE
FLOW
STEAM
/8
/
3/8
1
/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
14
W = .0433 x V x F
q = .0054 x V x F
- 68 -
FACTOR
SIZE
FACTOR
.55
1.0
1.8
2.9
5.1
8.3
14
20
32
46
71
95
122
192
278
481
758
1076
1301
1699
2151
2673
3 /2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
- 69 -
12
22
39
58
76
125
189
316
38
/2
34
14
11/2
21/2
10
12
474
283
187
114
87
59
33
18
631
377
249
151
115
78
43
24
17.6
14.6
10.4
7.5
4.8
1.5
.65
557
353
222
124
85
55
37
22
15.5
9.9
7.0
4.4
2.7
1.4
835
530
333
186
127
82
56
33
23.3
14.8
10.6
6.6
4.0
2.1
1113
706
444
248
169
109
74
44
31
19.8
14.1
8.8
5.4
2.8
1.5
Full
1118
748
465
255
202
143
96
68
44
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
E2
952
525
366
228
176
120
59
35
25
19.8
13.4
10.0
5.7
1611
1018
665
350
258
159
95
67
43
27.4
18.9
11.7
7.6
Normal Full
E5,E6
1083
700
436
250
186
115
69
47
30
20.0
14.0
7.5
C20
196
139
86
53
36
24
17.3
12.5
5.5
C34
.32
.32
.25
REGULATOR
Cv DATA
The Parabolic Discs given in the above table are designed to:
a) Improve performance at minimum flows by improving stability over wide flow ranges.
b) Provide easy field conversion to obtain a substantial increase or decrease in regulator Cv to meet system load requirements.
c) Facilitate selection of smaller size safety relief valves.
d) Size more precisely to the required Cv, thereby eliminating one of the most frequent causes of poor performance.
1/
14
E
Valve
Size Normal Normal Normal Full Full
50% 75%
50% 75%
REGULATOR CV DATA
10.8
10.1
5.0
4.9
3.3
2.2
D50
60
37.5
20.8
14.3
9.2
5.3
17.2
15.1
14.3
9.15
6.85
.4-5.22
N6 Series
2000
50%
PROCESS CONTROL
REGULATORS
118
84
52
32
21.6
14.4
10.4
7.5
3.3
60%
D34
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2
2-1/2
3
4
Orifice
C
E
A
B
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
Cv
0.7
2.1
3.3
4.3
5.2
7.0
11.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
71
94
146
INTIMIDATOR Cv TABLE
PORT SIZE
Cv
Valve Size
Mixing Cv
Diverting Cv
1/2
1/8
0.08
1/2
3/16
0.5
1/4
1.5
3/4
5/8
5.1
12
12
1/8
0.08
1-1/2
28
28
3/16
0.5
50
52
1/4
1.5
2-1/2
70
76
5/8
116
108
7/8
10.3
5/8
6.2
158
160
7/8
12.1
352
365
1-1/4
18.2
475
475
3/4
1-1/2
7/8
13.2
1-1/4
22
1-3/4
37
1-1/4
23
1-3/4
43
2-1/4
67
BOSS Cv TABLE
Valve Size
2
212
3
4
6
8
Full Port Cv
65
40% Red. Cv
26
Seco-Sonic Cv
48
Seco-Cav Cv
32
90
125
205
435
760
36
50
82
174
304
70
97
156
349
579
40
63
103
217
304
CONTROL VALVE
Cv DATA
DESIGN
DOCTOR Cv TABLE
SIZE
- 70 -