f(x1)
B
y
f(x0)
X0
f(X0)
x1
X0
x
No clculo a DERIVADA representa a
taxa de variao instantnea de uma
funo num ponto x = x0 .
) (
representada por :
y ;
( ) ;
( )
[ ( )]
y
B
s(t1)
f(x1)
s
s(t0)
t
t0
t
f(x0)
t1
X0
X1
x
Vm =
( ) ( )
Ento :
( ) =
y
= lim
x
( ) ( )
Fazendo : x = x1 x0 x1 = x0 + x
( + X ) ( )
y
( ) =
= lim
x
Respostas :
a) 6t + 1
b) 25m/s
c) 12t
d) 36m/s
s
s(t + t) s(t)
= lim
t
t
v
v(t + t) v(t)
a(t) = lim = lim
t
t
Exemplo :
= lim
= lim
f(x)
(t + t) 2(t + t) + 5 (t 2t + 5)
t
x+h
h
t + 2tt 2t
t
t + 2tt + t 2t 2t + 5 t + 2t 5
t
= lim
Resoluo :
Precisamos determinar V(t) = S (t) .
( ) = lim
f(x) + h
= ( ) =
= ( ) =
( + h ) ( )
y
= lim
x
h
= lim t + 2t 2
V(t) = lim
Exemplo : 1
= lim
2(t + t) + t + t + 1 (2t + t + 1)
t
= lim
2(t + 3t t + 3tt + t ) + t + t + 1 2t + t + 1
t
2(t + 3t t + 3tt + t ) + t + t + 1 2t + t + 1
= lim
t
Esboar o grfico
Exemplo 2 .
Resoluo :
a)
( + h ) ( )
= lim
h
= lim
( + h ) 4( + ) + 3 x + 4x 3
h
+ 2 + 4 4 + 3 x + 4x 3
h
= lim
= lim
= lim
= lim
( + h )
h
= lim
x + 2xh + h x
h
= lim
2xh + h
h
= lim
h. (2x + h )
h
h(h + 2x 4)
h
= lim h + 2x 4
) ( )
h + 2xh 4h
h
a) = lim
( ) = lim 2x 4
Logo:
f (4) = 4
= lim 2x + h
= lim 2x
b)
( ) = lim 2x
( ) = 2x , Logo : f (1) = 2
3
3
1
13
c) Grfico
REGRAS DE DERIVAO
-1
( ) = lim
h
( ) = lim
Ex : Se f(x) =
( ) = lim
( ) =
g( + h ) g( )
h
c . f(x + h) c. f(x)
lim
h
c . [f(x + h) f(x)]
lim
h
[f(x + h) f(x)]
. lim
h
. ( )
g ( ) = lim
g ( ) =
g ( ) =
g ( ) =
( ) =
Temos : a = 1 e b = 0
( + h ) ( )
h
x + h x
( ) = lim
h
h
( ) = lim
h
( ) = lim 1
( ) = lim
( ) = 1
III Derivada da funo constante
Se f(x) = K , ento f `(x) = 0
( + h ) ( )
h
K K
( ) = lim
h
( ) = lim 0
( ) = lim
( ) = 0
Ex : f(x) = 5 , ento f (x) = 0
1)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
f(x) = 3x + 1
f(x) = -2x +1
f(x) = x
f(x) = 5
f(x) = 9
f(x) = x7
f(x) = x4
f(x) = x- 5
f(x) = x-3
f(x) =
f(x) =
f(x) = 5. x3
f(x) = 3 . x8
f(x) = sen x
f(x) = cos x
f(x) = Ln x
n-1
Ento :
`( ) =
Exemplos :
1
2
+ .
a) f(x) =x + x + 1
f `(x) = (x)`+ (x)` + (1)`
f `(x) = 2x + 1.1 + 0
f `(x) = 2x + 1
( )
( ). ( ) ( ). ( )
` =
[ ( )]
( )
b) f(x) = 4x + x
f `(x) = (4x)`+ (x)`
f `(x) = 4.(3x) + 2x
f `(x) = 12x + 2x
Exemplo:
Se f(x) = 3x - x 10 e g(x) = x 2 , para x 2 ,
1)
c) f(x) = 3x4 + 8x + 5
f `(x) = (3x4 )`+ (8x)`+ (5)`
f `(x) = 3.(4x) + 8.1 + 0
f `(x) = 12x + 8
( )
determine
d) f(x) = 9x5 4x + 2x + 7
f `(x) = (9x5 )`- (4x)`+ (2x)`+ (7)`
f `(x) 9.(5x4) 4.(2x) + 2.1 + 0
f `(x) = 45x4 8x + 2
( )
(3
3 12 + 12
4 +4
3. ( 4 + 4)
=
( 4 + 4)
= 3
=
[ ( ). ( )]` = `( ). ( ) + ( ). `( )
Calcule f (x) onde ( ) =
2)
Exemplos :
1) Dadas as funes f(x) = 2x + 1 e g(x) = x ,
determine (fg)`(x) .
f `(x) = 2 .1 + 0 = 2
g `(x) = 3x
Ento :
= 2 . x + (2x + 1). 3x
= 2x + 6x +3x
= 8x + 3x
)
)
( ) = 3 + 6 10
b)
( ) = 14
c)
( ) = (2 + 1). (3
d)
( ) =
e)
( ) =
f)
( ) =
g)
( ) =
(3
a)
( ) = 3
b)
( )=
c)
( ) = 2 cos
d)
( )=
+ cos
e)
( ) = 4
cos
f)
( ) = cos 2
g)
( ) = 3 sec
R: 3 cos
- cossec x
R:
R :2(cos
R: cos
R : 4 cos 2
2 cos
R:
+ 6 )
h)
( )=
R : 3 sec ( 2
R:
+ 1)
(2
+ 1)
( ) =
j)
( ) =
k)
( ) =
R:
R:
R:
2) Calcule
( 2
= 2 cos 3
+ 3 cos )
3
= 2
= 2
3 cos 6
+ 3
( ) = 6 + 7 + 2
Ex:1)
3) Seja m(x) a inclinao da reta tangente curva
dada por = 2 + no ponto (x;y). Ache
a taxa de variao instantnea de m(x) em relao
a x no ponto ( 2 ; 2 ) .
m(x) a derivada da funo y, ento a taxa de
variao instantnea de m(x) a derivada segunda de
y.
`( ) = 3 4 + 1
`` ( ) = 6 4
No ponto (2 ; 2 ), temos `` ( ) = 6. (2) 4 = 8
(6
)=
3. (6
( ) =
Ex: 2)
+ 7 + 2)
) =
+ 7 + 2)
(x + 1) . ( x 3) (x + 1). [(x 3) ]
(x 3 )
( ) =
Ex: 3)
+ (2 + 4) +
=
Ex: 1
(
4
8
= 1
( + 1)
( + 1)
. (4 + 3). ln 3
( ) = 2
( ) = 2
( ) = 3
) = 3
Ex: 2
. (6 + 6). ln 2
4) Caso Particular
Tomando a = 0 , acharemos t .
( + 1) 8
= 0 ( + 1) = 8
( + 1)
+ 1 = 2 = 1
Ex.1)
1) Derivada da Potncia
= .
.
( ) =
( ) = e
Ex.2)
( ) =
Ex.3)
( ) =
x+1
x1
( ) =
5)
6) Derivada da funo Logartmica
Ex: 1) f(x) = ( x + 5x + 2 )
( ) =
Ex: 3)
( ) = (3
Ex.1)
+ 1) . (
( ) =
( ) =
(3x + 7x 1 )
. log
3x + 7x 1
( ) =
6 +7
. log
3 +7 1
( ) =
Ex.2)
( ) =
( ) =
Ex.2) ( ) =
( ) = cos . 2 2 . cos
1
. log
2(x + 1)
( ) =
Ex.3)
Ex.1) ( ) =
(2 + 4)
( ) = cos( 2 + 4). 2 2cos (2 + 4)
+ )
( ) = ln
Ex.1)
10)
Ex.1)
( )
x 2
( ) =
x. (x + 1)
Ex.2)
Ex.2) ( ) = cos
1
( ) =
.(
)
1
( ) =
. (1
)
1
1
( ) =
Ex.1) ( ) = 2 cos (2 3 + 1)
( ) = 2
(2 3 + 1). (4 3)
1
. log
2x + 2
9)
( )
( ) = 3 tg (2x + 1) + x
1
(2 + 1). 2 +
= 3
2
1
(2 + 1) +
= 6
2
( ) = ln
( ) =
( ). (x + 1) e . (x + 1)
(x + 1)
11)
x
( ) =
x+1
12)
. +
Ex.2)
( ) = (
.
+2 )
+ 4 )
( ) = sec 3
= sec 3 . tg3 . 9
+ )
( ) = (2 1).(x+1)2x-1-1.2x + (x+1)2x-1.ln(x+1).2
Ex.2)
Ex.1) ( ) = sec ( + 3 + 7 )
( )
= sec( + 3 + 7). ( + 3 + 7). (2 + 3)
( )
= (2x + 3)sec( + 3 + 7). ( + 3 + 7)
( )
Ex.1)
x+1
+ )
13)
Ex.1) ( ) = cosec (x 2
( )
(
= cosec ( x + 3 + 3).
)
= cosec ( x + 3 + 3).
+ 3)
(x + 3 + 3). (x + 3 + 3)
(x + 3 + 3). (4 + 3)
Derivadas Trigonomtricas
14)
9)
x 2x
19)
Ex.1)
( ) =
( ) =
( ) =
1x
1+x
( ) =
1x
1 +
1+x
(1 x ) . (1 + x ) (1 x ). (1 + x )
(1 + x)
1 +
( ) =
1x
1+x
2x. (1 + x ) (1 x ). 2x
(1 + x)
1 +
( ) =
1x
1+x
2x. (1 + x ) (1 x ). 2x
(1 + x)
1 +
1x
1+x
4x
4
2
(1 + x)
( ) =
=
=
2 + 2x
2 + 2x
1+
(1 + x )
17)
( ) = arc cotg (x 1)
(x 1)
( ) =
1 + (x 1)
3x
( ) =
1 + x 2x + 1
| |
(x)
( ) = arc cosec (x + 3)
Ex.1) ( ) = arc tg
( ) =
x 1
1
( ) = 2 x
x 1
1
( ) =
2xx 1
1 x 2x 1
1
( ) =
( ) = arc cos 2x
(2x)
( ) =
1 (2x)
6x
( ) =
1 4x
16)
( ) = arc sec x
1 (x + 2x + 1)
1
15)
18)
1 (x + 1)
1
( ) =
( ) =
3x
x 2x + 2
1 (x + 1)
1
( ) =
( ) =
( ) =
(x + 1)
(x + 3)
|x + 3| (x + 3) 1
1
|x + 3| (x + 3) 1
1
|x + 3| (x + 6x + 8
| |