ORDINANCES

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FORENSIC SCIENCE

(Correspondence Course)

1.

The course shall be a one-year diploma course in Forensic Science and

the certificate shall be called 'Post graduate Diploma in Forensic
Science.'

2.

Subject to the control and general supervision of the Academic Council,

the instruction and routine in Diploma course in Forensic Science shall
be under the direction of the Dean of the faculty of Physical Sciences
and the Department of Forensic Science in collaboration with other
Department for Teaching, purposes.

3.

The duration of the course shall be for a period of one year commencing
from July each year.

4.

Every candidate seeking admission to the Post Graduate Diploma in

Forensic Science must be graduate with 50% marks at least of a
statutory university and possesses such further; qualifications as may
be prescribed by the ordinances from time to time. Preference will be
given to the candidates with 10+2 in science. The candidate will be
admitted in the course on merit on all India bases.

5.

No candidate shall be admitted unless considered in an interview.

6.

The examination Fee and schedule for payment of Fees shall be such as
prescribed from time to time.

7.

Attendance: A student will be required to attend not less than 75% of

the lectures delivered and practical separately or as prescribed by the
University. A candidate, who falls short of the required percentage of
attendance either in lectures or practical held, shall not be allowed to
take the examination. Provided that a deficiency in attendances may
be condoned for special reasons, as per the relevant ordinances on the
subject. The college/department shall be required to deliver at least
75% pf the total number of lectures prescribed for each paper.

8.

The minimum percentage of marks required to pass the examination

shall be 40% in the written papers, 50% in the practical test.
The grace marks shall be allowed according to the general ordinances
relating to "Award of Grace Marks." 75% and above in the aggregate
shall be shown as having obtained 'Distinction.'

9.

The classes will be held in the Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi

University, Patiala.

10.

A candidate may sit for this examination as per University rules

11.

Medium of instruction shall be in English or Punjabi.

12.

The examination shall be held on such dates as may be fixed by the

University.

13.

The syllabus shall be such as may be prescribed from time to time.

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FORENSIC SCIENCE (SESSION-2009-10)

PAPER-I: GENERAL FORENSIC SCIENCE
Time: 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks: 80
Minimum Pass Marks: 40%

UNIT-A
Forensic Science: Definitions, Functions, Principles, tools and techniques,
problem of proof, evidentiary clues, Forensic science laboratory set-up.

UNIT-B
Role and functions of police, police and forensic scientist relationships with
reference to crime investigation, modus operandi bureau (MOB), maintenance
of crime records.

UNIT-C
Definitions, concepts of crime, causes of crime, prevention of crime. Criminal
Law: Indian evidence act (32, 45, 73, 137, 159), criminal procedure code
(292,293), Indian Penal Code (sections-299, 302, 304B, 306,307, 326, 375, 376,
377).

UNIT-D
Crime scene investigation: Understanding and purposes of crime scene
examination and investigation, Physical evidence, its collection, packing and
transportation, chain of custody.

PAPER-II: CIMINALISTICS AND PHOTOGRAPHY

Time: 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks: 80
Minimum Pass Marks: 40%

UNIT-A
Tool marks: Importance, location, nature, collection and evaluation.
Restoration of serial numbers and marks: Importance and techniques.
Track marks: Importance, nature, location, collection and evaluation.
Road accidents: Methods of investigation.
UNIT-B
Trace evidences: Importance, nature, collection and evaluation as
exemplified by paint, glass, soil, cosmetics, detective dyes.
Voice identification: Introduction and importance.
Lie-detection: Concept, forensic applications and limitations.
Computer and cyber crimes: Introduction, types, investigation and
limitations.
UNIT-C
Forensic Ballistics: Nature, scope and definitions, classification and
characteristics of modern and country made firearms. Concept of bullets and
cartridge cases examinations, reconstruction of shooting incidents.

UNIT-D
Photography: Introduction, Crime scene photography, Role of photography
in crime scene investigation, modern photographic techniques.

PAPER-III:

QUESTIONED

DOCUMENT

EXAMINATION

AND

FINGERPRINTS
Time: 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks: 80
Minimum Pass Marks: 40%

UNIT-A

Questioned documents: Introduction, importance, classification, nature,

problems

and

preliminary

examination

of

documents,

alteration

in

documents: erasures, obliteration and their examination.

UNIT-B

Characteristics of handwriting, forgery, disguise, examination methods,

standards of comparison, examination of typescripts and printed matters.
UNIT-C

Fingerprints: History and development, various fingerprints patterns,

classification, role of fingerprints in personal identification.

UNIT-D

Development and examination of fingerprints, chance prints, latent finger

prints, palm prints, shoe impressions: importance and examination.

PAPER-IV: (FORENSIC BIOLOGY SEROLOGY)

Time: 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks: 80
Minimum Pass Marks: 40%

UNIT-A
Forensic Biology: Introduction, importance of various biological evidences
(hair, fiber, pollens, wood), collection and evaluation in general, bite marks,
human skeletal remains, importance and examination.
UNIT-B
Forensic Serology: Forensic importance of various serological evidences
(Blood serums, saliva, urine), collection, preservation and evaluation in
general. DNA profiling: Introduction, importance and applications in forensic
cases.
UNIT-C
Forensic Entomology: Forensic importance of various insects, importance
of various insect growth stages, Entomological evidences, their location,
collection and packing, Determination of time since death from entomological
evidences.
UNIT-D
Wildlife

Forensics:

Definition,

introduction,

gravity

of

the

crime,

endangered wild flora and fauna, various types of the evidences encountered
their location, collection and packing.
Introduction to forensic medicine and microbiology.

PAPER-V: FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

Time: 3 Hrs.

Maximum Marks: 80
Minimum Pass Marks: 40%

UNIT-A
Forensic chemistry: Introduction, types of cases, common drugs of
abuse, their classification and general characteristics as exemplified by opium
and allied drugs, alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis and LSD. Testing
procedures: Spot tests and applications of various instrumental methods.
UNIT-B
Forensic Toxicology: Introduction, types of cases, definition and
classification

of

poisons,

poisoning

trends

in

India,

collection

and

preservation of viscera, A brief introduction to extraction, isolation and

identification of commonly used poisons (insecticides/pesticides, vegetable
poisons, metallic poisons).

PAPER-VI: PROJECT REPORT

Maximum Marks: 100

1. Every candidate will have to submit a comprehensive project report based

on practical demonstrations and visit to various forensic science
institutions. The report will be evaluated of the internal and external
examiners based on viva-voce conducted on the report.
50 marks
2. Students are required to present a seminar/presentation on the topics
allotted to them.
50 marks
Note: Overall emphasis has to be laid down on demonstrative aspects. The
best demonstration would be provided by visit to various forensic
science institutions/police stations/courts and other centers dealing
with criminal justice system.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Abbot: Footwear evidence, 1964, Charles C. Thomas Illinois.
Bare Acts with Short note: Identification of Prisoners Act.
Boorman and Dodd: Blood Group Serology, Churchill, London, 1988.
Brewster, F. Contested Documents and Forgeries. The Eastern Law House,
Calcutta, 1932.
Bridges: Practical Finger Printing, 1942, Funk and Washalls Co. New York.
Brunelle, Richard, L: Questioned Documents examination in Forensic Science
Handbook, NJ Prentice Hall, Inc. 1982.
Burrad, 1951: The Identification of Firearms and Forensic Ballistics.
Casarett & Doll Toxicology: The Basic Science of poisons.
Chatterjee, S.K. (1967): Finger, Palm and Sale Prints, Kosa Publishers,
Calcutta.
Chatterjee, C.C. (1975): Human Physiology.
Chowdhuri, S. (1971): Forensic Biology, BPR & D, Govt. of India.
Clarke's: Isolation and Identification a/Drugs, The Pharmaceuticals Press,
London, 1986.
Combat Computer Crime: Prevention, Detection, Investigation, 1992,

Chantico Publishing Company, Inc., New York, U.S.A.

Culliford, B.E. (1971): The Examination and Typing of Blood Stains, US
Deptt. Justice, Washington.
Cummins & Midlo: Finger Prints. Palms and Soles. 1943, The Blackston
office, London.
Curry, AS.: Poison Detection in Human Organs, 1976.
Davis, E. Tool marks, Firearms and Striagraph.
Deforest, Gaensellen and Lee: Introduction to Criminalistics.
Demao: Gunshot Wounds, 1987.
Erikson: Blood group serology.
Glaister (Ed.) (1973): Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Churchill Livingston,
Edinburgh.
Gray's Anatomy (1987): Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh.
Hardless, H.R. (1997): Disputed Documents examination and Finger-Prints
identification, the Law book company (P) Ltd., Allahabad.
Harris, A.S. (1965): Methods of Forensic Science, Vol. IV, Interscience, New
York.

Harrison, W.R.: Suspect Documents & their Scientific Examination, 1966,

Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., London.
Hatcher Jury & Weller, 1987: Firearm Investigation and Evidence. The
University Book Agency, Allahabad.
Hilton, O.: The Scientific Examination of Questioned Document, 1982,
Elsevier North Holland Inc., New York.
Holfmann, F.G. : Handbook of Drug and Alcohol abuse.
Jauhri, M. (198O):Identification of firearms, ammunition and Firearm
injuries, (BPRD), Govt. of India Publication.
Kholar & Meyer, (1993): Explosive, 4th revision edition.
Kirby: DNA Fingerprinting Technology.
Krogman, w.M. And Iscan, M. (1987): Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine,
Charles & Thomas, U.S.A.
Kumar: Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice, 1987.
Lanquest and Curry: Forensic Science, Vol. I to IV, 1963, Charles C. Thomas,
Illinois, U.S.A.
Lee & Gaensllen: Advances in Finger-Print Technology. 1993.
Lee & Gaensslen: Advances in Forensic Science, (Vol.2)

Lionel Haward: Forensic Psychology, 1981, Batsford Academic and Education

Ltd., Loffdon.
Maehly & Williams: Forensic Science Progress (The new series of Forensic
Science) 6 Vol. set.
Mehta, M.K.: Identification of Thumb Impression & Cross Examination of
Finger Prints, 1980, N.M. Tripathi (P) Ltd., Bombay.
Modi s: Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology, M.M. Tripathi Press Ltd.,
Allahabad.
Mukherjee, J.B.: Forensic Medicine &Forensic Toxicology.
Najjar and Macwilliams (1978): Forensic Anthropology.
NRC: DNA Technology in Forensic Science, Washington, DC.O Hara and
Osterburg: Introduction to Criminalistics. The MacMillan Co. 1949. USA.
Osbom, A.S.: Problems of Proof, The Essex Press, New York, (1926). .
Osborn, A.S.: Questioned Documents. 1929, Boyd Printing Co., Chicago,
U.S.A.
P.L. Kirk: Crime Investigation, 1953, Interscience Publisher Inc. New York.
Pandey. J.N.: Indian Constitution.
Rattan Lal and Dhiraj Lal: Indian Evidence Act.

Rattan Lal and Dhiraj Lal: Indian Penal Code.

Richardson: Scientific Evidence.
Saferstein: Criminalistics, 1976, Prentice Hall Inc., USA.
Saferstein: Forensic Science Handbook, Vol. I, II, & III, Prentice Hall Inc.
USA.
Saxena, B.L.: (1964), Law & Techniques Relating to Finger Prints, Foot Prints
& Detection of Forgery, Central law Agency, Allahabad.
Sharma: Bank Frauds (Prevention and detection), 1990.
Sharma, B.R. : Footprints Tracksand Tails, 1980, Central Law Agency,
Allahabad.
Sharma, B.R. : Forearms in Criminal Investigation and Trails, 1990.
Sharma, B.R. : Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials,
Central Law Agency. Allahabad, 1998.
Stromberg: Chemical Criminalistics, 1980.
Swanson and Wendel: Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation.
Tandon, M.P. : Criminal Procedure Code.
Tiwari, S.N.: Analytical Toxicology, Govt. of India Publications, New Delhi.
1987.

Walb & Brounds: Drunks, Drugs & Driving

Whitaker. D.K. and MacDonald, D.U. (1989): Forensic Dentistry.
Wolfe Medical Publications Limited.
Willard. H.H. et al: Instrumental Methods of Analysis. 1974.
Yallop : Explosion Investigation, 1980.