Cross Laminated Timber MHM

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This presentation is protected by US and International

Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and
use of the presentation without written permission of
the speaker is prohibited.
Creating forest sector solutions

www.fpinnovations.ca
Wood Products Council
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2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.
Copying and redistribution prohibited.
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Learn about new and innovative wood-based products and

systems
What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Improve design knowledge on building systems made with

new types of engineered wood products
Learn more about European experience and expertise in

buildings using new innovative wood based products
Explore the various advantages that new generation of

engineered wood products could offer to designers
Types of CLT assemblies

Update on CLT status in Europe & NA
CLT in codes and standards
Performance attributes of CLT product and
assemblies
Concluding remarks


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Interesting, I will be looking into this product more, and looking at

how it is standing the test of time overseas
I've only begun learning about CLT, but it seems like an attractive
system (both structurally and aesthetically)
Cost for use and erection of CLT would be the deciding factor
Where does electrical run? In the walls?
It seems very, very material inefficient and wasteful in resource in

use. It seems contrary to the push for sustainable design
Looks like a nice material. I will consider it for future products
Send me information, please
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Thick Orthotropic Plate
A well-established product in Europe with

several manufacturers & hundreds of
buildings ranging from single family to midrise

Beam-like member
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X-lamination minimizes swelling
and shrinkage in the board plane
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1,2,3,4 transverse
layers
Single or multiple
surface layers
Relatively high in-plane (seismic)

& out-of-plane (wind) strength and
stiffness properties
Has two-way action capability
similar to a concrete slab
(alternative)
Good fire resistance heavy
timber construction (inherent fire
resistance)
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Factory produced with high precision
CNC machines
Quick on-site assembly
(One storey/week or less per avg. size floor
plan)
-
LAquila (Italy)
3 weeks of assembly
Min site Noise (equipment/personal)

Min site Waste (high level of prefabrication)
Ideal for dense urban in-fill projects
Health and safety benefits
One of the most promising wood

alternative to concrete assemblies..

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To provide alternative woodbased products and systems to
Architects and Engineers which
will:

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All CLT Assemblies
Mix of CLT and other Wood Products
Expand the use of wood-based

products to non-residential & multistorey to meet client demands
Enable an efficient use of wood fibre
to maximize use of the resource &
reduce environmental footprints
Source: G. Schickhofer, TU Graz, AUT
WWW.SOLIDWOODWALLS.COM
Hybrid CLT and Non-wood

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All CLT Assemblies (low & mid-rise)

Mix of CLT and other EWP

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9-Storey building, London, UK

1st storey concrete, 8 storeys wood

8-Storey buildings, Vxj, Sweden

1st storey concrete, 7 storeys wood
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All CLT Assemblies
CLT core with

CLT diaphragm
and glulam posts for
vertical loads



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Open Academy, Norwich, UK
21 m, 106,000 ft2 mixed

CLT & Glulam
Sport hall (36mx80m) was

weather proof in 4 days!
Less than 12 people on site

using a mobile crane @ 18
weeks for shell!
3,000 tons of Co2 stored
Source: http://www.klhuk.com/media


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Source:
http://www.klhuk.com/media
2009
FPInnovations.
All rights reserved.
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Elevator shafts
and stairwells
made of CLT
Rest of the building

can be other systems
CLT can be used with

gypsum boards to
form a firewall

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All CLT Assemblies
CLT
with
concrete
stairwells



Beach House in Hilton Head

Island, SC
(Mixed CLT, Steel & Concrete)
http://www.binderholz-bausysteme.com

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Commercially
produced and used in Europe
Typically, panels are made from 90% C24 and 10% C16 European spruce
Developed
as a proprietary product
consequently:
Different methods of production and equipment
Different product configurations and input
Different methods of analysis to establish capacities
CEN & ISO draft standards are underway..
Limited
amounts shipped to North America
Several pilot projects in the US & Canada

Engineers sign off projects using innovation clause in building codes
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The wood and construction industries,
government and universities in Canada
& the US are closely working together
to:
Develop the CLT product & building system
Facilitate acceptance of CLT product/system
in codes and standards (one CLT standard for
NA)
Provide guidance to early adopters
(manufacturers, designers, developers, building
officials) in Canada & the US
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CLT production facilities are in place or at a planning

stage
Some prototype Canadian-made CLT has been

manufactured & different lay-outs are being evaluated
ANSI CLT Standard Committee (initiated by APA) has

been created. Objective: develop CLT product
standard
Strong interest in CLT exists among designers,

building officials, governments & developers
Federal government sponsoring several CLT

demonstration projects in Canada
A research network (NSERC NEWBuildS)

established, with CLT being one of the 4 technical
themes
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A Sub-Committee of CLT Advisory Committee
Co-Chaired by Erol Karacabeyli of FPInnovations &

Brad Douglas from the AWC (working @ 3 levels)
I.
Product standards underway
II.
Engineering Design Standards

III.
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Building Codes - Target date 2015 NBCC and IBC

A National Steering Committee on CLT established

and CWC document for NRCan has been produced
Codes and Standards Roadmap (FPInnovations)
A draft product and plant qualification standard for

CLT developed by FPInnovations in Canada, in close
coordination with NLGA
FPInnovations is working with the NLGA Standards
Committee and ANSI/APA Committee to draft a NA
CLT standard
CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood was informed
about CLT becomes a work item for this code cycle
Similar efforts are being led by the AWC to introduce
CLT in the NDS
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Conventional Construction (housing and small buildings) vs

Engineered Construction (large buildings)
In NBCC, Part 3 & 4 vs. Part 9 buildings & IRC vs. IBC
Alternate Solutions with CLT under

Combustible construction
Non-combustible construction
Generic CLT (strength classes) vs. proprietary CLT (CCMC/ICC)

Component level (e.g. floor or wall panel)
System level (e.g. 8-storey structure)
APA/ANSI Standards acceptance in Canada

Under a separate CSA product standard
By direct reference from Wood Design Standard (CSA O86)

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Development of Product Standard
Cost Competitiveness
Delamination
Scope: Develop method & delamination
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requirements for the standard using full thickness

core samples (3.5 inch diameter) taken from CLT
panels
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Rolling Shear
Scope: Develop method & assess the effect of
lumber width and gaps between wood pieces on

rolling shear properties
Heat Durability of Adhesive

Scope: Examine the effect of adhesive type on the
charring behaviour of a cross-layered panel
Cross-Lamination Timber : A Primer

Provides background info on the European
experience & identifies potential market and
cost analysis for CLT in NA
NLGA Draft: CLT Product &

Plant Qualification Standards

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Manufacture Aspects
Actual and expected performance on 16 attributes
Performance
Lumber drying
Finger jointing
Lumber planing
Gluing
Panel assembly
Pressing
Cutting (CNC)
Quality control
Packaging
Shipping
CLT
Concrete
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FPInnovations Report: CLT Manufacture

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There is a need for a procedure to determine

engineering properties of CLT by using the
properties of individual laminations
Development of analytical procedure for

structural properties of CLT
FPInnovations Report: Structural Design

of CLT Elements Provides background
34
19
34 mm
19
34
Depth
info on the existing methodologies that have

been adopted in Europe and makes
recommendations
width

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Because wood burns, many people

mistakenly assume that wood buildings
behave poorly in fires
Large size wood members have the inherent

ability to provide fire resistance because of the
unique charring properties of wood
Burn slowly and form char layer
Non-burnt wood retains significant strength
Wood is dimensionally stable under fire
conditions
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Difference
between fire performance of heavy

timber construction and light-frame members
is largely a result of the reduction of heat
transfer to just one dimension as timber
sections increase in size.
Light-frame
assemblies achieve fire resistance

by addition of protection such as gypsum
board.


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Fire Exposure
Heated zone
Cross-section used for

calculating capacity
CLT is a new structural

system without proven
history of seismic
performance
Most structures built

so far are in Central
and Northern Europe,
areas with low
seismic activity

Europeans have conducted several test programs

Charring rate of wood is well understood
Performance of adhesive is critical
FPInnovations conducted medium-scale tests to verify charring rate of NA

CLT.
Testing of full-scale CLT wall & floor assemblies under fire is underway
Char layer
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Throughout history, wood
structures are among best
performing structures
during earthquakes
Fire-resistance Testing
Interaction with European colleagues was established and a lot of information

related to fire performance of CLT was obtained

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Modelling
Based on the Eurocode approach a preliminary design methodology has been

developed at FPInnovations
Tests results from full-scale experiments will be used for validation of the
methodology used for fire resistance design of CLT
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University
of Ljubljana, Slovenia, in collaboration

with University of Stuttgart and IZIIS
The
SOFIE Project by IVALSA in Italy in

collaboration with NIED and BRI
FPInnovations

& Universities in Canada
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Conducted at E-Defense
Building weight 270t

Self weight 120t
Added weight 150t
Panel thickness
140 mm floors 1 and 2
125 mm floors 3 and 4
85 mm top 3 floors
Coupled CLT Walls
Single storey
3-storey building

CLT structural system can

resist very severe
earthquakes
They can satisfy not only life

safety criterion in the building
codes but also mitigate loss
of property, as the damage
after the tests was minimal
CLT structural system may

be used in high importance
structures

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Wall panels length 2.3 m
Before
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The research work conducted in

Europe, Japan and Canada has
shown that CLT construction can
have adequate seismic performance
when nails or slender screws are
used with the steel brackets and/or
hold-downs
Connections control seismic

performance
After 7
Quakes

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Acoustic and Vibration Performance
Acoustics tests were carried out at FCBA in

France using typical NA floor construction
details
Acoustic Performance of CLT
Assemblies
Floor vibration tests were conducted @
FPInnovations
Vibration Performance of CLT Floors
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Easy to design
Structurally efficient
Fire resistant
Aesthetically attractive
Good serviceability (e.g., shrinkage, stiffness,

acoustic, etc.)
Cost-effective & availability
Easy to assemble & disassemble (i.e., do not

require specialized tools or heavy equipments)
Source: Wurth
Often, competitiveness of a timber structure, relative to other

building materials, is determined by the connections design

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Carpentry
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Traditional fasteners
Source: M. Augustin /ITE
Source: G. Traetta
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Innovative
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Source: SFSIntec


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Extensively used in Europe
Easy to install & provide high lateral
and withdrawal capacity
Source: SFSIntec
Come in a variety of sizes
Internal spline
(diameters range from 4mm to 12mm

& in lengths up to 600mm)
Double surface spline
Do not require predrilling (unlike

traditional lag screws)
Used for WW or WS connections
Single surface spline
Source: Wurth

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A LCA assessment for CLT assemblies compared with other

materials is being conducted. Overall CLT has lighter
environmental footprint than non-wood materials due to its low
embodied energy per weight
CLT wall assemblies should be

built breathable
Prevent rain infiltrations
Exterior exposed portion of

panels could benefit from wood
preservative treatment
Wetting during transportation,

construction & service should
be prevented
(i.e., extraction, manufacturing, transportation, operation & disposal)
When adding to that the high carbon storage, CLT buildings could
have a NEGATIVE carbon foorprint
FPInnovations Report:
Environmental Performance of CLT

Half-lapped
Typical of other exterior insulated

rain screen type wall assemblies
Source: G. Traetta
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A series of state-of-the-art technical reports has been prepared @
FPInnovations
CLT Manufacturing
Structural Design of CLT Elements
Seismic Performance of CLT Buildings
Connections in CLT Buildings
Duration of Load and Creep Factors for CLT
Vibration Performance of CLT Floors
Acoustic Performance of CLT Assemblies
Fire Performance of CLT Assemblies
Building Envelope Design in CLT Construction
Environmental Performance of CLT

6XPPDU\RI&/7$FWLYLWLHV3DVW&XUUHQW )XWXUH
Strategy by CLT Steering Committee
CLT Fire Design Workshop
FPInnovations/CECOBOIS CLT
Workshop
FPInnovations CLT Primer
FPInnovations CLT Handbook to

support alternate solution path
WEC CLT Workshop in early 2011 in

BC
Parallel activities in the US

Draft reports are being peer reviewed

Reports put in a Handbook form will be published & made available to
designers, manufacturers & others
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A design
concept of a 36storey
building out of
CLT & concrete
(Infill CLT walls
and floors)
20-Storeys High CLT Building

in Norway Worlds Tallest
Wood Building

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CLT is one of the most promising wood alternative to

concrete, particularly, for non-res. & mid-rise markets
Superior performance of CLT has been demonstrated

through European experience and extensive R&D
activities in Canada and the US
A harmonized NA CLT product standard is needed
Need to engage architects, engineers, industry other

stake holders in the development process of CLT

The first commercial North

American-made CLT product
is in its way..

TM
www.fpinnovations.ca
2010 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited.
TM
Fpinnovations, its marks and logos are trademarks of FPInnovations.

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&RS\ULJKW0DWHULDOV

This presentation is protected by US and International

Creating forest sector solutions

Wood Products Council

Learn about new and innovative wood-based products and

What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)

Improve design knowledge on building systems made with

Learn more about European experience and expertise in

Explore the various advantages that new generation of

Types of CLT assemblies

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Interesting, I will be looking into this product more, and looking at

Where does electrical run? In the walls?

It seems very, very material inefficient and wasteful in resource in

Looks like a nice material. I will consider it for future products

Send me information, please

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Thick Orthotropic Plate

A well-established product in Europe with

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Relatively high in-plane (seismic)

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Min site Noise (equipment/personal)

One of the most promising wood

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Expand the use of wood-based

Source: G. Schickhofer, TU Graz, AUT

Hybrid CLT and Non-wood

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

All CLT Assemblies (low & mid-rise)

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

9-Storey building, London, UK

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

8-Storey buildings, Vxj, Sweden

CLT core with

Mix of CLT and other EWP

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Open Academy, Norwich, UK

21 m, 106,000 ft2 mixed

Sport hall (36mx80m) was

Less than 12 people on site

3,000 tons of Co2 stored

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Rest of the building

CLT can be used with

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

All CLT Assemblies

Mix of CLT and other EWP

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

Beach House in Hilton Head

2009 FPInnovations. All rights reserved.

produced and used in Europe

amounts shipped to North America

Several pilot projects in the US & Canada

CLT production facilities are in place or at a planning